Mene ne rushewar: Sanadin da ilimi da kuma lafiya da matakan

A jama'ar da suke zaune a mountainous yankunan, Masani ne cewa irin wannan auka. Akwai kowa sabon abu, duk da haka quite karaya, zai iya haifar da muguwar halaka da kuma asarar rai.

Kamar yadda kafa fadi

Wannan halitta sabon abu ne m da rabuwa da kuma kawar da na dutse a karkashin sakamakon da nauyi a kan gangara rollover, crushing, inda kasa na kwarin da aka cika da tarkace. Wani lokaci sãme manyan tubalan, fatattaka a kan aiwatar da fadowa cikin da yawa kananan wani ɓaɓɓake, sunã mãsu jũyãwa a rockfall. The girma na landslides iya daban-daban iyaka - daga auka daga cikin kananan guda na dutse don wani babban taro na dama miliyan cubic mita.

A dalilan mafi fadi sau da dama saboda da weakening na kankara, a take hakkin su kirki, da samuwar fasa a sakamakon weathering, leaching cikin ƙasa ruwan karkashin kasa da kuma surface ruwa. Wannan tsari rinjayar da ma'aunan kasa tsarin da ƙasa, tremors, kuma zuwa babban har da ayyukan mutane da keta dokokin yi da kuma hakar ma'adinai.

rarrabuwa

Landslides halin da aiwatar fitarwa (ƙarar fadowa dutse talakawa), da kuma sikelin nuni a tsare yankin. A wannan batun, sun kasu kashi a sosai karamin girma wanda ba mafi girma daga 5 m ^3, kananan (5 zuwa 50 m ^3), matsakaici (daga 50 zuwa 1000 m ³⁾ da kuma manyan (fiye da 1000 m ^3). An misali da abin da irin wannan rushewar wata katuwar sikelin, aka nuna a caving Pamirs a 1911 shekara, cikin girma da wanda ya game 2 BN m ^3.

Dangane da sikelin nuni rarrabe girma (fiye da 100 m), matsakaici (daga 50 zuwa 100 m) da kuma kananan (5 zuwa 50 m) da kuma kananan (har zuwa 5 m) fadi.

A sakamakon landslides

A mafi hatsari ne mãsu nauyi kankara, wanda rushe kuma fadi daga gangara, iya murkushe ko cika ko da mafi m tsarin. Su ¡uraishi kewaye yankin, wani lokacin boye a karkashin wani dukan ƙauyuka, m yankunan da gandun daji. Wani lokaci wadannan avalanches, mudslides hallaka kogin bankuna, wanda ya razana su da ambaliyar ruwa, ya kawo wani gagarumin kasa lalacewar muhalli da kuma na kasa da tattalin arziki. Wadannan catastrophic events ne ba kawai cutarwa ga tattalin arzikin, kai ga asarar rayukan, amma kuma sa sau da yawa canza wuri mai faɗi.

ambaliyar ruwa

Tare da wadannan landslides ma da za a gani. Da suka faru a cikin tsaunuka, inda ta tara snow ne wani lokacin rolls saukar a cikin nau'i na wani ambaliyar ruwa. Wannan na faruwa mafi sau da yawa a kan forestless gangara, da gangare ba kasa da 140 digiri. A wannan babbar snow taro ne motsi a gudun 30 zuwa 100 m / s, ya hallaka ta hanya constructions barci da kuma dutsen hanya en. Kama a ta hanya, yawon bude ido, mazauna kauyuka, da kuma sauran mutanen da za a iya rufe da dusar ƙanƙara. Ku hũra daga irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa sakamako na iya zama har zuwa 50 ton a kowace muraba'in mita. Irin wannan bala'i a Rasha mafi sau da yawa faruwa a kan Kola Larabawa, Arewa Caucasus, da Urals, Far East da kuma Yammacin Siberia.

A impetus ga ambaliyar ruwa iya samar da m narkewa dusar ƙanƙara, snowfall, ci gaba na dogon lokaci, kazalika da raurawar asa da wani gagarumin hawa da sauka a cikin iska, ne sakamakon mutum aiki.

rigakafi

Mazauna suka zauna cikin tsaunuka, suna sane da cewa irin wannan rushewar, kamar yadda mai mulkin, da za'ayi wasu ayyuka don ƙarfafa yankunan gidajen kare. Hydrometeorological tashoshin da posts suna zamar masa dole ya dace a sanar da jama'a game da illolin hade da cibiyoyin da rushe, da kuma zone na ayyuka.

Kwanciya da Railway hanya a cikin tsaunuka na bukatar mai da hankali ganewa na disadvantaged yankunan ga landslides kauce wa gare su a duk lokacin da zai yiwu. Musamman m gangara a gina titunan da kwantar da dutse. Quarrying nazarin yanayin da duwatsu, da shugabanci na fasa su hana zubar da overlying Layer.

Aikace aikace a taron na auka

Bala'o'i kamar yadda landslides ko avalanches iya zama mafi m sakamakon. Saboda haka, a lokacin da shigar da bayanai game da su zai yiwu barazana, duk na zuwa karkarar da yawan jama'a da dukiya, kazalika da dabbobi kwashe to mafi aminci wurare.

Wannan ne yake aikata daidai da kafa hanyoyin. Idan lokaci damar, kafin fitarwa wajibi ne a gudanar da wani shiri aikin - don cire dukan dukiya cikin gidan, kukkulle ƙõfõfi, kuma windows tam. Tabbata don kashe wutar lantarki, ruwa da kuma iskar gas.

Game da illar da mutane ka yi gargaɗi juna. Tare da barazana da gagarumar mafitar gaggawa ne da za'ayi a kan hadari gangara ko tuddai. Hawa zuwa gare su, ba shi yiwuwa don motsawa ta cikin gorges, kwari da tududa, don haka kamar yadda ba su fada cikin wannan hanya na tarkace kwarara.

Back to ta asali wuri da lokacin da ƙarshen auka ko gagarumar motsi, iya zama cikakken tabbatar da babu barazana. Kawai a cikin wannan harka shi ne don neman bace mutane, da kuma taimako ga wadanda aka ci zarafinsu. Sanin cewa irin wannan auka, da yan unguwa tsaunuka yawanci san yadda za a nuna hali a cikin irin wannan yanayi, da kuma shirye a kowane lokaci zuwa da sauri Pack up kuma fitad zuwa wani wuri.