Mene ne wani monumental art

A yau makarantu, makarantar sakandare dalibai suna sanar da mai da muhimmanci sosai da kuma zama dole batu, mai jigo "World Art Culture". Hukumar MCC Hakika koyar da dalibai game da Masterpieces na gine-gine da kuma lafiya art daga tsufa wa yau. A shirin kuma ya hada da wani sashe a matsayin monumental art. Tare da shi mu yanzu kusa look.

Mene ne wani monumental art?

Wannan na musamman sashen lafiya art, cikinsa da roba ko na ginin jumla gine-gine da aikin load, kazalika da muhimmancin da kuma muhimmancin na ra'ayi abun ciki. The kalmar "monumental" da aka samu daga Latin moneo, ma'ana "tunatar". Kuma ba mamaki, saboda irin wannan art - daya daga cikin tsofaffin a duniya.

A tarihin monumental art

Tushen wannan irin gine da kuma zanen da ke da baya ga m al'umma. Ancient mutane sun kawai koya yadda za a zana, clumsily gudanar a yatsunsu na ci, amma ayyukansu na alfarma da zanen a kan kogo ganuwar ne riga mai ban mamaki. Hakika, suka fentin clumsily, da wani yawa na launuka ba ya nan, amma ba hankali. Ya shi ne ya gabatar da tsoho mutane game da sojojin na yanayi, naka rayuwa, daban-daban basira. Saboda haka kogon ganuwar da aka yi wa ado da daban-daban scenes daga rayuwar m mutumin: Mining Santa, mafi kyau mace, a cikin kõgon, al'ada raye-raye a kusa da campfire, da kuma da yawa, mutane da yawa wasu.

M jama'a ba hanya zuwa tsohon duniya, kuma akwai wata alfarma da aikin ma samu ta wurin. A zamanin d Misira, wannan art ne sosai auna kuma suna aukaka. Wannan shi ne abin da muka ce suke dashi sphinx da pyramids na Misira. A cikin Renaissance akwai wani flowering na alfarma da gine-gine. Yana da aka haife irin Masterpieces a matsayin mutum-mutumi na David, da zanen "The halittar Adam", kazalika da zanen da rufi na Sistine Chapel. Duk waɗannan ayyuka ne da baiwa da ya lokaci - Michelangelo Buonarroti.

A cikin marigayi 19th da kuma farkon karni na 20th art ne a kan wani sabon hanya. A mafi m style of sa'an nan "zamani" da kuma nuna a kan wannan kerawa, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa mafi monumental ayyukan da aka za'ayi a cikin wannan shugabanci. Wannan ya musamman shafi zanen da aka nuna a cikin ayyukan artists kamar M. Vrubel, Maurice Denis da sauransu. Amma shi ba a manta da kuma gine-gine, a wannan lokaci na aikin kamar sculptors A. Bourdelle kuma A. Maillol. Da hannayensu suka halitta mafi yawan ayyuka a cikin Genre na alfarma da sassaka, wanda muka sha'awan da kuma sha'awan wannan rana.

A mafi girma ci gaba da kuma yarda da irin wannan art ya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Land na Soviets runtumi Napoleonic tsare-tsaren, kuma m Monuments da pedestals kazalika zai yiwu gani ta ideas. M, high haifar skyward mutummutumai daidai da ƙarfin hali da kuma ɗaure a kan ma'aikata a wancan lokacin.

Misalai na irin wannan art

Wannan ya hada da duka biyu da gine-gine da kuma pictorial ayyukansu. Monumental art hada mosaics, murals, Monuments da busts na daban-daban sculptures da kuma na ado qagaggun, akwai gilashi ... kuma ko da marẽmari. Yanzu za ka iya ganin nawa wannan ya hada da ayyukan art. Ba abin mamaki cewa a ko'ina cikin duniya haifar da dubban gidajen tarihi, inda da sha'awa fallasa bangarori, busts kuma sculptures na lokuta daban-daban da kuma al'ummomi.

A iri-iri na ayyuka

Ga iri biyu m aiki ya hada da sassaka da art. Monumental da kuma na ado zane ne yawanci a iri-iri na bangarori, bango zane-zane, reliefs, da sauransu. Su zama wani abin ado da yanayi da kuma ko da yaushe wani ɓangare na wani gungu, kamar yadda ta muhimmanci. A monumental zanen bambanta da dama dabaru: da fresco, akwai gilashi, mosaic, da dai sauransu Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa monumental zanen da aka located a kan wani musamman halitta ta zane na gine-gine ko immovable akai.

A zamanin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma irin kerawa

Monumental art aka nuna yabo sosai a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Yana taimaka wa ci gaban m dandano, tarbiyyar, da halin kirki da kuma m ji for mahaifarsa. Yana wadãtar da haushi, ba shi a gaban taba mantawa da tunanin cewa za su har abada zama a cikin zuciyata, kuma a kan zukãtan da yara da manya. Soviet monumental art muhimmi humanism kuma m kungiyar. Works of art da kuma gine-gine, sanya a cikin wani dace style, za a iya samu a ko'ina: kusa makarantu da kindergartens, masana'antu da kuma wuraren shakatawa. Mun gudanar da gina Monuments, ko da a cikin mafi m wurare.

Wannan irin kerawa ne tartsatsi bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin, lokacin da suka gina wani sabon kasar tare da sabon dokokin, umarni da gurguzanci. A sa'an nan da monumental art ayyuka samu karramawar da mutane. All painters, sculptors, gine-ginen, an rufe turu don ƙirƙirar wani fitacciyar monumental art, don nuna cewa lokaci ya canza, ta shiga wani sabon rai, wani sabon hanyar gida, sabon binciken a kimiyya da kuma wani sabon art form.

m aiki

Daya daga cikin mafi abin tunawa ayyukan waɗanda sau shi ne babban alfarma da sassaka da Vera Mukhina "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl", embodies da aiki da kuma heroism na Soviet mutane. Tarihi da abin tunawa ne da ban sha'awa sosai, kuma m. A 1936, mun gama gina Palace of Soviets, saman wanda ya zama wani abin tunawa "The ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Woman". Don ƙirƙirar sculptural shigarwa zabi mafi kyau artists, tsakanin wanda aka kuma Vera Mukhina. A aikin da aka ba su watanni biyu, ya ce cewa mutum-mutumi kamata farin cikin biyu Figures - ma'aikacin da Collective Farm. A wannan ra'ayin na hudu sculptor yi quite daban. Wani adadi ya tsaya a kwantar da hankula da kuma serene, wani a kan m, cikin fushi garzaya gaba kamar yadda idan kokarin cimma wani. Kawai Muhina Vera Ignatevna kama a aikinsa ma'ana, fara amma ba kammala motsi. Wannan ta aiki, da kuma aka amince da Hukumar. Yanzu abin tunawa "Ma'aikacin da Collective Farm Girl" da ake mayar da.

Monumental zanen: misalai

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, irin wannan art yana da saiwoyinsa a zamanin da. Ko sa'an nan mu haifar da kwazazzabo zane a kan kogo ganuwar, suke nuna farauta tsari, tsoho rituals da sauransu.

Monumental da kuma na ado zane ne zuwa kashi da dama iri:

• Fresco. Wannan hoton da aka halitta a kan wani raw plaster da dama iri inks da aka samu daga cikin pigment a foda siffan. Lokacin da bushewa da wani Paint fim da aka kafa, abin da na tsare da aikin daga wani waje tasiri.
• Mosaic. Figure dage farawa daga kan surface na kananan ragowa da gilashin ko canza launin duwatsu.
• Tempera. Qagaggun na da irin wannan Paints sanya daga pigment kayan lambu asalin diluted a kwai ko man shanu. Kamar yadda fresco ne amfani da rigar plaster.
• Akwai gilashi. Kama da mosaic, kamar yadda dage farawa daga guda na canza launin gilashi. A bambanci shi ne, guda ne juna da zangarniya, da kuma gama samfurin da aka sanya a cikin taga bude.

Cikin shahararrun ayyukan monumental zanen - fresco Feofana Greka, msl gefe icon "Virgin Don 'a hayin wanda ya nuna" ɗauka cewa ". Har ila yau ayyukan fasaha hada da "Sistine Madonna" da Raphael, "The Last bukin" by Leonardo Vinci da kuma sauran zane-zane.

Monumental gine: da Masterpieces na duniya art

Sculptors kyau a dukan lokaci mai daraja da nauyi a cikin zinariya. Saboda haka, cikin duniya, kuma Ya wadãtar da kayayyakin kamar Arc de Triomphe, located in Moscow, abin tunawa ga Bitrus 1, "The Bronze doki" mutum-mutumi na David, Michelangelo sanya da kuma located a LOUVRE, da kyau mutum-mutumi na Venus, wanda ya yanke hannunsa, da kuma waɗansu da yawa. Wadannan iri monumental da kuma na ado art fascinate kuma jawo hankalin miliyoyin ra'ayoyi, da suka so su ji dadin da sake.

Akwai da dama iri irin wannan gine:

• Monument. Yawanci, wannan sassaka na daya ko fiye da mutane tsaye m rasa farko trimester ko a wani wuri. Ya sanya daga dutse, dutse, marmara.
• Monument. Yana juyayin tunawa a dutse da wani taron na tarihi, kamar mai girma Patriotic War, da kuma wani babban hali.
• Stela. Wannan irin gine ne a slab na dutse, dutse ko marmara, a tsaye karkata zuwa ga gaskiya, kuma da ciwon wani rubuta ko jawo.
• Obelisk. Wannan shafi, kunsha na hudu zuwa kaifafa har gefuna.

ƙarshe

Monumental art - wani abu mai rikitarwa da kuma shubuha. Dukan mutane suna da daban-daban ji shi evokes, wani - da girman kai na shugabanninmu, da cewa mutum hannayensu suka iya samar da fitacciyar. Wani ji ruxani: yaya aka yi irin wannan aiki za a iya yi da wani mutum talakawa, saboda shi sosai lafiya daki-daki? Wani lokaci da kallo kawai daina domin Duk wani da Monuments na art da kuma gine-gine, duka biyu tsoho da kuma na zamani. Amma abubuwan da monumental art ba zai bar kowa sha'aninsu dabam mutum. Wannan shi ne saboda duk Masters, a yi wani abu a cikin wannan salon, akwai wani mai girma, fice, a real iyawa, hakuri da kuma m soyayya ga aikinsa.