Mi-24 - Army hari saukar ungulu. Mi-24 (helikofta): Bayani dalla-dalla

A Airborne da sojojin da kuma sauran musamman raka'a a taron na yaki kamata gudanar da wani fama manufa bayan maƙiyi Lines. Suna da horar da, da dakunan, amma zai iya har yanzu a yi masa hukuncin kisa, ko talala, idan sun kasance ba dace support za a bayar. Sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa yanke daga wadata da kuma iya kawai dõgara a kan nasu ƙarfi. A farko yaki a cikinsa massively amfani da jirage masu saukar ungulu ya sadar manpower, kaya, suka kashe, kuma suka jikkata fitarwa, kazalika ya buge ƙasa hari, ya K'abilan Biyetnam. A cikin Tarayyar Soviet tsakanin soja m kwararru a lokacin 60s ci gaba da muhawara game da hikimar aron Amirka kwarewa. Ƙarshe ci magoya bayan "Rotary-reshe sojan doki", amma tare da wasu reservations. Zancen na Soviet ra'ayi shi ne Mi-24 - helikofta tsara don tsayar da ayyuka na biyu fama - saukowa kuma ka yi hari.

Bambanci tsakanin Concepts na aikin sojan sama a Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka

American kwarewa da aka bisa ga specialization na rotorcraft fasaha. Mai amfani da "doki" Amurka Air sojan doki kuwa shi ne sanannen "Huey» uh-1 (wanda kuma aka sani da suna "kabilar Iroquois," - a kananan na'ura, m kuma duk da haka fili). Wani amfani da "tashi Jeep" shi ne ya m AMINCI da survivability (a cikin wannan ya kasance da gaske kama da "Willis"). Yana da wannan jirgin sama mai saukan ungulu sun sauka sojojin, azurta su da harsasai da kuma duk abin da kuke bukata, wani lokacin kai tsaye a lokacin yaki da kuma karkashin wuta. A cikin "Huey" ya fitar da rauni. Ya za kansa kawo murfin a kan sasanninta, shigar cassette da roka, kuma ta ƙofar sojan igwa da aka harbi. Duk da haka, cikakken tasiri da helikofta ba za a iya mai suna, da yiwuwar shi yana da iyaka. Saboda haka, a cikin wata biyu da shi yawanci aiki "gamsheka» AH-1. Wannan inji shi ne kusan m da "Huey" ikon shuka, amma sauran su ne sosai daban-daban. Housing predatory-kunkuntar, gashi, bulletproof gilashin fitila a cikin baka na m-harbe-harben bindiga, da kuma a kan sasanninta, fuka-fuki, pylons - karfafa makamai masu linzami. The damar wadannan biyu inji ya hada da Mi-24 helikofta, Armoured Personnel dako, kamar yadda ƙaddara da ta nada wani shahararren jirgin sama zanen Mikhail Mil.

sashe da rigingimu

ML Mil yana da babba kwarewa a gina rotorcraft fasaha. suka fara da na'ura yi nufi ga gudanar da wani zaman aikin, amma kuma na CB tsaro ba a manta. Duniya na farko helikofta, sanye take da ginannen kananan makamai, shi ne Mi-4, halitta a cikin shekara ta 1949. Tare da duk ta yi fice a jirgin yi da kuma halaye na wannan na'ura a cikin biyu da rabi na sittin riga shi yana buƙatar a musanya. Amma Michael L. tafi a kan, sai ya bayyana sha'awar gina wani mataki mai mota da kuma ya yi magana da ma'aikatar tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet da wani rahoto zana ta fasaha ra'ayin (1967). Yana da aka sani ambiguously. Janar Epishev kira da shirin maganar banza har ma miƙa shuka wani sarki zanen da helikofta, kuma ka aika da shi wani wuri don yaki. Amma Janar Hammers, wanda ya jagoranci CRI-30 da kuma fahimtar fasaha al'amurran da wasu fiye da siyasa sashen sarki, ya zama interested in da ra'ayin. Qarshe, magoya bayan na sabon ra'ayi na nasara, kuma Mil farkon shirya ta shawara a matakin da fasaha na ra'ayi zane. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1968, da jariri na Mi-24, Army hari saukar ungulu da ikon isar da paratroopers sashen, wanda ya zama "swan song" Michael Mil. Har ta kammala fice zanen bai zama.

New fasaha ideas

Compositional gargajiya makirci da aka zaba tare da wata na'ura mai juyi da ciwon biyar ruwan wukake (as a cikin Ni-8, amma ta fi gajere kadan fiye da) wata uku-ruwa propeller da wani tuƙi qazanta a karshen wutsiya albarku. A shasi an yanke shawarar yin retractable domin inganta aerodynamics. Sabon abu bayyana a karkatar da axis na na'ura mai juyi ba kawai a gaba (4,5 °), amma kuma laterally (rightward) domin biyu da rabi digiri, ga m diyya karfin juyi a lokacin mike jirgin. Domin da farko lokacin da ya gabatar da matsayin da makamai na sadarwarka. Dauke da reshe, Munã rage man fetur amfani saboda da dagawa da karfi da aka amfani da su Ni-6 da zane. Samu shi da kuma Mi-24 saukar ungulu ya zama barga, bayan da ya ba da wani mummunan V-dimbin yawa. A ikon shuka tare da watsa kullum aro daga Mi-8 tare da wasu canje-canje saboda magance da nada sabon na'ura.

zane

Biyu inji mai farfela injuna, TV3-117 (a cikin zamani versions) na 2200 "dawakai" kowane. Kaddamarda kibiya da kuma matukan jirgin, an shirya tandemly-tiers, tare da wasu kawar da axis of fasali kara nazari. Tuki ƙungiya masauki akai-akai sarrafa, mafi kyau duka version na injiniyoyi bai zo nan da nan. Bulletproof gilashin da wani lebur gaban surface sun sa wasu daga cikin soja tarayya, tare da gilashin, saboda wanda akwai daya daga cikin na wasa sunayen da Mi-24. The saukar ungulu yana da dama m laƙabi "kada" (tare da elongated silhouette na ravenous), "Galina" da kuma ko "deer" (Hind - don haka a fili da m, sai aka kira NATO soja masana).

A lokacin da matukin jirgi iya zama makaniki, bayar da Jump wurin zama, amma a ainihin fama da yanayi a cikin jirgin ba ko da yaushe dauki a gare shi.

Bi daki, da ake kira da kaya, shi sa mutum takwas a cika kaya. A wutsiya kashi da aka cika da kayan aiki da kuma maharibai ga babban ginshiƙai a cikin retracted jihar.

Finalization na helikofta

A farkon shekarar 1970, ya rasu ML Mil. New sarki zanen M. N. Tischenko ya fara don kammala wani babban jami'in 'yan'uwanmu kasuwanci. Isa matsaloli. Glazed fitila ga wanda jirgin farkon versions kira "shirayin" ko "gilashin", shi ya ba sosai nasara, kazalika da wuri daga cikin kujerun da ƙungiya. A halin da ake ciki ne ba haka ba mai kyau da kuma a kaikaice da kwanciyar hankali. A lokacin factory taro shagon na farko Mi-24 saukar ungulu da makaman ya ba tukuna samu. A mataki na ƙarshe ne mai hadaddun "Storm" da m-wuta na'ura gun. An yanke shawarar kafa har 2 ATGM "Phalanx-M." Na'ura gun K-4B aka kuma yi amfani da dan lokaci, ya riga ya a sabis da Mi-4 da kuma Mi-8. Ya zama dole don ba da na'ura NUPS tubalan da kuma sakin kaya. A karshe form, da aka sani a yau, a duniya, wani harin jirgin Mi-24 samu a shekarar 1973. A lokacin lafiya-kunna, sai aka maye gurbinsu da mahara fihirisa. Duk wannan lokaci shi aka kira da "samfurin" (for dalilai na sirri) tare da lambobi (245, 244, 246).

jirgin yi

By ta sigogi da na'ura idan ba ka yi la'akari da ikon kawo sojoji, a kusa da jirgin sama-storming wartime.

cruising gudun (270 km / h) da kuma matsakaicin (335 km / h), ko da ɗan ƙananan fiye cewa daga cikin shahararrun "tashi tank" Il-2. Practical jirgin kewayon 450 km. Ainihin aiki rufi - 1400 m, amma idan ya cancanta (musamman a mountainous ƙasa) The inji shi ne iya hawa kusan 5 km. A daya soja mai saukar ungulu Mi-24 jan 780 lita na kananzir, ba shakka, fiye da "farar hula" wa Mi-8.

yin la'akari zažužžukan

Light ba za a iya kira da wata na'ura. A taro rinjayi yawa zane fasali, ajiyar da kwafi na ayyuka ga inganta AMINCI a hali na lalacewar da aka gyara, da majalisai. Wannan shã'aninku ya ba da tushe a nan gaba, wasu soja masana sun soki Mi-24. Fasaha halaye na duniya manufa na inji ba da mafi kyau ga tura naúrar. A wannan yanayin, da yiwuwar saukowa, kuma, ya fadin - a total na takwas sojoji (don kwatanta, "kabilar Iroquois," daukan kan jirgin mutane 14, da kuma Vietnam da kuma mafi don fitarwa ji rauni). Duk da haka, da yiwuwar dual-amfani inji yana ta tabbatacce gefen. komai helikofta Tã 7,58 tons. Domin iyakar takeoff nauyi shi wajibi ne don ƙara uku ton (damar duk tankuna) da kuma fama dangi na 2.4 ton (ba ma kananan). Daya kamata ka manta da cewa ƙungiya daga saukowa ma ba incorporeal. Total amfanin ƙasa kamar 11.5 tons.

Da farko kwarewa - Habasha

da yawa na gida dauke da makamai rikice-rikice da ya faru a cikin marigayi seventies. A daya daga cikinsu, da Habasha-Somali yaki a 1978, na farko "haske sama" da Mi-24. Bayanan fasaha ne quite daidai da yanayin da yãƙi, shi ya samu nasarar "aiki" a kan ginshikan sulke da motocin da matsayi na sojojin Somaliya, da taimakon da sojojin Habasha bayar da Cuban matukan jirgi masu sa kai, horar da a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Babban makami a wannan yaki sun unguided roka S-5. Makiya kasa buga fitar guda helikofta, rasa da dama raka'a lokacin ƙasa hari a kan Asmara filin jirgin sama, inda jirgin m tushen. Amma babban fama da kwarewa a gaban ...

Yin duniya wajibi

Tun karshen shekarar 1979, da fama helikofta Mi-24 ya zama wani m mazaunin zafi Afghanistan sama. Operating yanayi a nan ba kawai nauyi, sai suka za a iya kira jahannama. Dust, yashi da kuma datti lalace injin turbin ruwan wukake, tabbatarwa ne sau da yawa ba tare da gudanar da kiyaye fasaha dokokin. Amma duk da "ƙasa" matsaloli paled a kwatanta da unexposed wanda inji hõre ta Mujahideen raka'a kullum da kuma hourly. Kamar yadda mutane da yawa mahalarta na ayyukan soji, shi materialized alama ce da Afghanistan yaki ya zama kawai da Mi-24. The saukar ungulu aka rufe da saukowa daga yaƙi kungiyoyin, samar a wani sumame fitarwa raka'a Nursi harbe da kuma bamai da sarari zargin garu yankunan. Yana da wuya a overestimate rawar da ya taka a yakin, kazalika da wajen ƙidaya yawan sojoji suka ceto rayuka.

"Kada" a kasashen waje

Bayan da Lalacewar Soviet iko soja mai saukar ungulu Mi-24, gina a rikodin lambobi (3.5 ths. Inji mai kwakwalwa.), At zubar da kusan dukan sabuwar kafa jihohi. Bugu da kari, shi ne a cikin rundunar fiye da biyu dozin kasashe, ciki har m - Senegal, Sierra Leone da kuma Myanmar. Kewaye da shi ba su tsaya rago. Sarrafa shi tare da dangi sauƙi (wanda shine na hali na Soviet jirgin sama samarwa), shi ne unpretentious a aiki, da kuma fama tasiri kadan irin wannan jirgin sama zai iya ƙetare Mi-24 saukar ungulu. Its halaye ne mafi kyau duka domin mataki a cikin gida yaƙe-yaƙe. A shekarar 1982, da Iraqi matukin jirgi ko da gudanar ya roka Salvo buga supersonic jirgin sama F-4 "fatalwa" na Iran Air Force.

Amfani da wannan na'ura mai juyi saukar ungulu da kuma yin agaji da shiga tsakani na MDD da manufa, wanda idan shi fentin fari. Don yaki "Shrek" ya biyu da rabi dozin yaƙe-yaƙe. Wasu daga cikin su ci gaba da zuwa wannan rana.

toys

Saboda haka m mota, domin ta shahara halayyar silhouette na duniya gaba da ke cikin shagon ga rawar da "taurari." A biyu da dozin video wasanni a matsayin daya daga cikin haruffan da hannu Mi-24. Army hari saukar ungulu ya zama gwarzo na fina-finai biyu m da shirin. Ya dada replicas ake samar da dama kamfanonin kwarewa a cikin yi da ire model da shimfidu. Yau ne ba mamaki sa'an nan, cewa counter za a iya miƙa wa mai saye RC helikofta Mi-24, wanda zai iya tashi ta hanyar ramut. To, mutane da son wasa voynushki ...