Mustard: photo, namo, amfani, description, bincike da madubin likita

Daya daga cikin zafi kayan yaji ne yadu a matsayin mustard. Shirya shi da quite wuya, da kuma isasshe bushe sawa daga tsaba a ruwa da kuma ƙara da nauyi na kumbura low taro vinegar (apple ko ruwan inabi) da kuma daban-daban da kayan yaji, kamar kirfa, barkono, bay ganye, tarragon, seleri, albasa da tafarnuwa.

Mustard, wanda ake amfani da dafa abinci da kayan yaji, shi ne na uku irin:

• White. A gargajiya abinci na Ingila shi ne ake kira Turanci.
• Black. Its tsaba suna amfani da shirya sanannen Dijon mustard. Akwai fiye da 20 hanyoyi na dafa wannan kayan yaji.
• Mustard, a Turai shi ne aka fi sani a matsayin Rasha (game da ita, kuma za a tattauna a cikin labarin).

description

Mustard ne shekara-shekara herbaceous shuka, kai wani tsawo na 40-100 cm, tare da sanda, in mun gwada rauni tushen. A kafa sashe mai tushe shirya kara ganye, Munã rage zuwa sama, yayin da rikodin ba yawa raba, taqaitaccen da petiole. A kasa ganye ne m, petiolate, yawanci lirovidnoperisto-lobed, kore, kuma shi ke a sosai saman - duka, sessile, amma ba amplexicaul da bluish ya dafa.

Inflorescence mustard sarepstkoy - schetkovidnaya buroshi da sauri zama ƙara a cikin flowering zamani. A hudu-perianth kafa spaced sepals, zinariya-yellow corolla da petals, da sauri takaita a cikin ƙusa. A sarepstkoy mustard - 6 stamens, biyu daga waxanda suke waje da kuma guntu, 'yar zuma gland a tushe. kafin biyu tsawo, akwai daya babban yanki na baƙin ƙarfe. A pistil kunshi kwai-rami da capitate stigma.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari daga mustard a mikakke, bakin ciki, lumpy kwafsa tsawon daga 7 zuwa 12 mm. A diamita da tsaba - game 1 mm, su launi na iya zama ko dai baki-bluish da kuma ruwan kasa ko kodadde rawaya. Flowering mustard ne a watan Mayu, da 'ya'yan ripening - Yuni.

Ina samu?

Mustard yatsanta tsiro a Asiya ta tsakiya, dake arewacin kasar Sin, Mongolia da kuma Kudancin Siberia. A shuka za a iya samu duka a cikin steppe sashi, da kuma a kan wõfintattu ƙasar kusa hanyoyi. Rarrabe tsakanin 'yan qasar da feral mustard wajen wuya. A Rasha shuka ya samu damar kawo a Lower Volga flax iri da gero, amma da yan unguwa gudanar ya kimanta da kaddarorin oleaginous shuke-shuke, da kuma suka fara a tsunduma a cikin namo. A ranar, da shuka yankunan tsakanin oilseeds uku wuri ne daidai sareptskaya mustard (amfani, inganci da sinadaran abun da ke ciki da aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki a cikin wannan labarin). Ba da nisa daga kauye na farko Sarepta mustard man niƙa ko da bude a 1810.

Mustard: bincike da madubin likita

A iri, kunsha na fata da kuma tayi ne kusan babu sinadirai masu maye nama ko endosperm. A gicciye sashe za a iya gani a 'yan kofaton cotyledons da kuma tushen zagaye siffar.

Mustard (bincike da madubin likita ne ya tabbatar) kunshi hudu yadudduka. Manyan colorless Kwayoyin wadda dauke da gamsai ta samar da wani m Layer, ko epidermis. Wannan ne bi da manya-manyan bakin ciki-hananna Kwayoyin, kumburi da macerating kuma kusan fadowa saukar a bushe iri.

Sel na uku, sclerenchyma Layer ne sosai halayyar tsarin. A gicciye-sashe gan su a cikin taguwar ruwa, yake da alaka da unequal tsawo, da kuma gaba ɗaya ya kara, sa'an nan ragewa. Wannan shi ne saboda da iri da kuma pitted surface.

Tangential elongated Kwayoyin wadda dauke da launin ruwan kasa pigment, ya samar da wata hudu Layer - fata bi endosperm. Amma da tayi nama yana wakilta bakin ciki-hananna Kwayoyin dauke da m man fetur da kuma aleurone hatsi.

sinadaran da abun da ke ciki

mustard tsaba kunshi muhimmanci mai da Allyl Mustard, potassium bisulfate da glycoside sinigrin narkewar to glucose a ƙarƙashin rinjayar mirozina enzyme. Daga cikin fermented tsaba iya shirya mustard muhimmanci man da barasan yin amfani da tururi. A abun da ke ciki na samu samfurin ne ba babu fiye da 40% Allyl Mustard man fetur da kuma zuwa 50% krotonilgorchichnogo da tsianallil, burbushi na carbon disulfide da dimethyl sulfide. Bugu da kari, shi ne lura a gaban wani ethereal slabovysyhayuschego mustard man m man kunshi erucic, oleic, linoleic, legkotsenovoy, linolenic, myristic acid da kuma behenic acid, da kuma gamsai sunadaran. A ganye na dasa ƙunshi carotene, ascorbic acid, alli gishiri, da baƙin ƙarfe.

Mustard: girma

A shuka ke tsiro da kyau a sako-sako da, m kuma da-drained ƙasa, a Bugu da kari, dole ne su sami damar zuwa hasken rana. Propagated mustard (description, bincike da madubin likita, da sinadaran abun da ke ciki ba sama) tsaba sown a bude ƙasa da shi ne kyawawa spring. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, ga namo na shuke-shuke zaba yankunan da dumi canjin yanayin.

Shuka leaf mustard tsaba ne da za'ayi a farkon yiwu. Flowering tsire-tsire ne a cikin watan Yuni da Yuli, kazalika da sauran wakilan da kabeji iyali. A wani a baya shuka rosette na ganye bayyana kafin solstice, kwanaki dogon, a Bugu da kari, da seedlings za a kare daga crucifer ƙuma beetles.

Domin girma mustard optionally ware raba gadaje, shi ke tsiro da kyau da kuma tsakanin layuka. Tsaba suna sown zuwa zurfin ba fiye da 1 cm. Da zaran na farko ganye, seedlings bukatar bakin ciki don haka ne, nisan tsakanin su kasance 5 zuwa 8 cm. Bayan bukatar barbarar nitrogen taki da kuma watering. Bayan game da kwanaki 20 mustard tsawo ya kai 10-15 cm, da kuma zama a shirye don amfani.

Kusantar dangi na al'adu tsire-tsire ne kabeji, watercress, radishes, kabeji da rutabaga, radish, fyade, hunturu da kuma bazara oilseed fyade. Wannan dole ne a yi la'akari a lõkacin da shirin dasa na tsaba. Ba dace da girma mustard yankunan inda a baya girma flax man iri, da gero, sunflower ko gwoza.

Yadda za a tattara da kuma samun albarkatun kasa?

Mustard, ko kuma wajen da tsaba a shirye domin girbi a lokacin da cikakke a cikin ƙananan kuma tsakiyar sassa na shuka pods, haka ya fara mutuwa na ƙananan ganye.

Da farko ciyawa ta bushe, kuma a hankali sussuke da kuma tsabtace da tsaba. An sa'an nan kuma yada a cikin wani bakin ciki Layer a tire kuma a karshe dried a ventilated yankin. Don mafi albarkatun kasa ya evaporated, zai iya jefa, ko kuma dama.

A bushe mustard tsaba matsawa a masana'anta bags. Adana albarkatun kasa bada shawarar cikin igiyar ruwa a wani ventilated da bushe wuri, don kauce wa mustiness.

Shiryayye rayuwar mustard tsaba - 2 shekaru, don haka kokarin amfani da su a lokacin wannan lokaci. Idan albarkatun kasa da aka har yanzu bar, ya kamata a jefa fitar. M tsaba suna ba da shawarar don amfani.

Mustard a matsayin taki

Kamar yadda sabo shuka taro, ana saka a cikin ƙasa to wadãtar da shi da kwayoyin abubuwa iya amfani da mustard. A kore taki:

• iya share ƙasar daga weeds, musamman a horar da kasa.
• Godiya ga mai kaifin phytosanitary Properties kare da slugs, wireworm kuma fis asu, ya hana bayyanar marigayi burtuntuna, scab a kan dankali.
• Hanzari qara biomass, sakamakon ƙasa replenishes gina jiki.
• Yana inganta ƙasa tsarin. Tushen na mustard, kai wani tsawon 1.5-3 mita, da-drained ƙasa, kuma sassauta da samar da kyau kwarai danshi juriya da kuma vozduhoemkost.
• Jinkirtã nitrogen a gona da sabobin tuba sauran gina jiki a cikin organics ba tare da barin su shiga cikin wata zurfi Layer.
• Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da snow shuka kore taki ne tuba zuwa cikin ciyawa, wanda, bi da bi, a cikin kaka da kuma hunturu kare kasa daga misãlin.

mustard iri

A cikin Littãfin kiwo nasarorin da Rasha Federation rajista 9 irin mustard, yarda da amfani da:

• Freckles - farkon maturing, tare da Semi-yada rosette, kai wani tsawo na 25-28 cm daga sprouting zuwa yankan greenery runs daga 25 zuwa kwanaki 30 ..
• Mustard volnushki. Fasaha balaga zo da wata daya. Early maturing iri-iri tare da wani dan kadan yada, manyan, kafa rosette a diamita kai 25-32 cm. Mustard volnushki hanzari kara da kore taro.
• Arigato.
• Ladushka. Fasaha balaga zo bayan 58-60 kwanaki.
• Doki - tsakiyar-aji, shuka tsawo ya kai 25-27 cm.
• Sadko.
• Pretty. Tattara da kore iya fara 18-20 kwanaki bayan fitowan.
• Prima.
• Ƙwazo.

Amfani da kitchen

Mustard sami yin amfani da dafa abinci. Daga shi dai itace babbar miya, aga palatability na da yawa jita-jita. mustard foda amfani a shiri na mayonnaise, daban-daban biredi da dressings. A murƙushe tsaba ba musamman dandano na sausages da sauran kayayyakin.

Gwangwani abinci, yayyafa tare da mustard foda, yana tsawon. Tablespoon mustard yawanci aiki a matsayin wani kari ga kifi da nama, kazalika da shan taba.

M mustard man fetur saboda kyau dandano da ake amfani ba kawai a dafa amma kuma a samar da gasa kaya da kuma gwangwani anfaninta. A cewar chefs a kasashen da dama, wannan shi ne mai kyau condiment for salads, wake jita-jita, nama da biredi.

Mustard foda ne wani ɓangare na cikin gida da samar da biredi, "Kuban", "Amateur" da kuma "ta Kudu". Sun mustard ganye a lokacin da kara zuwa salads ba kawai wadãtar da su tare da bitamin C, amma inganta palatability.

Wasu yankunan na amfani

Mustard ya samu aikace-aikace ba wai kawai a cikin gida dafa abinci amma kuma a magani. Grindings daga man fetur iri shuke-shuke suna amfani for colds, Bronchial kumburi cuta, na gefe jijiya, pleurisy, rheumatoid amosanin gabbai, radiculitis da myositis.

Mustard man cake da aka yi amfani a matsayin albarkatun kasa domin samun phytin, wanda aka nuna domin lura da neurasthenia, scrofula, hypotension da jijiyoyin bugun gini diathesis. Good sakamakon da aka samu a lõkacin da miyagun ƙwayoyi rashin ƙarfi, kuma asarar ci.