Novella - abin da yake da shi? Definition. Tarihi. A mafi kyau ayyukansu

Daya daga cikin irin salo almarar ne a labarin. Wane irin labari tsari, za ka koya daga wannan labarin.

A definition

Novella - abin da yake da shi? Wannan kalma tana nufin wani nau'i na labari litattafan Genre, halin brevity, m mãkirci tsaka tsaki gabatar style, rashin tunani da kuma m sakamako. A Rasha wallafe-wallafen zargi rarrabe tsakanin sharuddan "labari" da kuma "labarin". Duk da haka, da bambance-bambance tsakanin biyu Concepts ne sosai Heart. A cewar B. M. Eyhenbauma, labari scene halaye, yayin da labarin shi ne m halayyar mai nunawa da kuma labari style. Goethe ya kira batun labari "An gama abar ƙyãma na taron." B. V. Tomashevsky fassara da kalmar "labarin" kamar yadda wani musamman Rasha synonymously da Kalmar "labari". Wannan ra'ayi ne da tushe, tun da bambanci a yawancin harsuna a duk aka yi tsakanin wadannan biyu Concepts.

kwayoyin asalin

Salo "labari" ke dawo jama'a tãtsũniyõyin, tatsuniya, misalai da labarbaru. Yawo jama'a tãtsũniyõyin na tsakiyar zamanai ƙarshe degenerated a cikin hadaddun ginannun collections, wanda intertwine yau da kullum da kuma sihiri abubuwa, "Kathasaritsagara" "Panchatantra", "Sindbadova littafin", "Hezar-Efsan," "A Dubu da Daya Nights." A duk wadannan ayyukan da farkon zamani labari. Daga wannan magana, labari form bambanta ba comic da kuma m, ko ban tausayi labarin. Daga cikin labari - da rashin didacticism. A labarin da sihiri, ana riskarsa kamar wani abu allahntaka, da kuma cewa shi ya bambanta daga hikaya.

classic labarin

A cikin Renaissance, a tsare ainihin fasalulluka na wannan salo. The classic labarin kamata hada da wani mãkirci, culmination da denouement. A lãbãri a tilas samfurin. Amma sama da dukan, wannan salo ne halin da m "Sokolin" nuna (en Pointe), wadda bisa ga Aristotle, yayi dace da lokacin da ya san ko vicissitudes. Alal misali, Shklovsky bayyana labari ba kamar yadda wani labarin game da juna soyayya farin ciki, amma kamar yadda bayanin soyayya cikas da cewa haruffa na kokarin shawo kan. Mafi shahara tarin gajejjeran labaru, cikin Renaissance shi ne "Decameron" Dzhovanni Bokkachcho.

Novella a tarihi

Novella - abin da yake da shi? Kowane wallafe-wallafen epoch amsa wannan tambaya a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Romanticism hõre ta a cikin Genre yatsa Sufi. A cikin "Sandman" Hoffmann bambanci tsakanin real events, kuma su fassarar a cikin gwarzo ta hankali barrantar. Up har zuwan hakikanci a cikin labari rasa tunani da kuma falsafar, game da ciki duniya da gwarzo za a iya hukunci da ayyukansa. Marubucin taba ba da kimomi da abin da ke faruwa. Da zuwan hakikanci labari a cikin gargajiya bambance-bambancen kusan vuya. A wurin wannan salo zo sauran nau'o'in litattafan. A Rasha, a kan na farko wuri a can ne labarin, wanda na dogon lokaci wani irin labarin. Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai litattafan Gogol, W. Marly, V. Odoyevski - da furuci Masters na gajeren labarin.

A mafi kyau ayyukansu

Tatsuniyoyi, short labaru daga daban-daban shekaru consistently ja hankalin na zamani karatu. Wannan salo yana a kanta da germs na Sufi, almarar kimiyya, jami'in tsaro. Edgar Allan Poe a tsakiyar karni na 19th, rubuta da ban mamaki sufi ayyukansa, kamar "The Fall na House of Usher," "Ligeia", "A Tale of cikin Ragged Mountains," "Vilyam Vilson." Wannan marubuci ne a asalin da kasada ( "Golden irin ƙwaro") da kuma wani jami'in tsaro (litattafan game da jami'in Dupin) litattafan. Canzawa m labaru da O. Henry. Wannan master of comic paradoxes ƙirƙira wani labari biyu-bi da bi, da ƙarya, kuma real, to wanda mai karatu ne unprepared. Stories of "Gifts na Magi", "The shugaban na Redskins," "Rasha Sable", "halarta a karon Tildy" karanta a daya numfashi. Novella - abin da yake da shi? Inganta Merime, GI De Mopassan, Tofil Gote, Anton Chekhov, Konan Doyl, Lyudvig Tik - kowane daga cikin wadannan marubuta daban-daban amsar wannan tambaya, da kuma tabbatar da cewa, yana yiwuwa ya haifar da gaskiya Masterpieces a cikin Genre na gajeren almarar.