O - wani sashe na shuka sciences

O - a filin na nazarin halittun da karatu shuke-shuke. Wannan kungiyar hada autotrophs, kwayoyin da sauran eukaryotes, ciki har da kwayar wanda ke samarwa da kansu abinci. Mulkin shuke-shuke - ne mai babbar iri-iri iri. Shuka kimiyya an nazarin jinsuna da kuma da lafiyar qasa, Anatomy da kuma Physiology na shuke-shuke.

Abin da ake karatu o?

O - wani sashe na shuka kimiyyar. Daya daga cikin tsofaffin halitta sciences a duniya tsunduma a cikin binciken na metabolism da kuma aiki na kwayoyin, da ake kira shuka Physiology, kazalika da matakai na girma, ci gaba da kuma haifuwa.

A kimiyya na shuke-shuke ne ke da alhakin nazarin gadar hali (shuka itatuwa aure), karbuwa ga yanayi, da lafiyar qasa da kuma Gwargwadon rarraba. Daga cikin jinsin daraja ambata geobotany, phytogeography da binciken burbushin halittu (binciken burbushin).

o Tarihi

O - wani sashe na shuka kimiyyar. Kamar yadda kimiyya na o fara la'akari, tun da lokaci na Turai mulkin mallaka, amma mutum sha'awa cikin shuke-shuke saiwoyinsa yawa kara. A fannin binciken rufe tsirrai da itatuwa a ƙasarsu, kazalika da m samfurori kawo a lokacin yawa tafiye-tafiye. Kuma a zamanin da, Willy-nilly yi koyi da wannan, ko da shuka. Ko da a cikin alfijir na lokaci, mutane sun yi kokarin gano magani Properties na shuke-shuke, su girma kakar.

Hatsi, da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan lambu ne da muhimmanci ga zamantakewa da ci gaban' yan Adam. Lokacin da babu kimiyya a cikin zamani ma'anarta, Adam ya bincika shuke-shuke a cikin aikin noma.

Irin wannan shahararren Figures na zamanin d Girka da kuma Roma, kamar yadda Aristotil, Theophrastus da Dioscorides, a tsakanin sauran muhimmanci kimiyya ya ci gaba zuwa wani sabon matakin da o. Theophrastus ma da ake kira da mahaifin o, inda biyu da muhimman hakkokin aikin da aka rubuta, an yi amfani da 1500 shekaru da kuma ci gaba da za a yi amfani da yau.

Kamar yadda a da yawa sciences, a cikin Renaissance da canji, kuma a alfijir na haske akwai ya kasance wata babbar nasara a cikin binciken na o. A microscope da aka kirkiro a cikin marigayi 16th karni, wanda a yarda su koyi game da tsire-tsire kamar ba a taba, ciki har da lafiya da cikakken bayani, kamar pollen da phytolites. Mun fara fadada ilimi ba kawai game da shuke-shuke da kansu, amma kuma game da haifuwa, tafiyar matakai na rayuwa, da kuma sauran al'amurran da suka ya zuwa yanzu an rufe zuwa ga mutane.

rukuni na shuke-shuke

1. A sauki tsire-tsire ne duk bryophytes, su ne kananan, ba su da tushe, ganye da asalinsu. Mosses fi son wuraren da high zafi da kullum bukatar ruwa ga haifuwa.

2. All Pteridophyte shuke-shuke, da bambanci ga mosses da tasoshin gudanar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ganye, kara, kuma tushen. Wadannan tsire-tsire ne ma sosai dogara a kan ruwa. A matsayin wakilan ne, misali, horsetails da ferns.

3. All iri ne mafi hadaddun shuke-shuke da irin wannan muhimmanci juyin halitta bace kamar yadda tsaba. Wannan shi ne musamman da muhimmanci, kamar yadda tabbatar da kariya da amfrayo da kuma goyon baya na ta abinci. Rarrabe gymnosperms (Pine) da kuma angiosperms (kwakwa itatuwa).

shuka Lafiyar Qasa

Shuka Lafiyar Qasa ne daban-daban daga cikin o, ta abu na binciken ne yadda tsire-tsire hulɗa tare da su yanayi da kuma amsa ga muhalli da yanayin canje-canje. A adam yawan mutane, an girma da kuma bukatar karin ƙasar, don haka da musamman m matsala na kariya da albarkatun kasa da kuma kula hali zuwa gare su.

Shuka Kare Mahalli gane goma sha asali iri yanayi a wadda shuka rayuwa na iya zama:

• rainforests
• temperate gandun daji,
• coniferous gandun daji,
• wurare masu zafi savannas,
• fadamun temperate zone (a fili)
• Hamada da kuma m kunsa,
• Rum yankuna,
• ƙasar da dausayi,
• Lafiyar Qasa da ruwa tare, bakin teku da kuma marine yankunan da tundra.

Kowane irin na da muhalli profile da kuma daidaita shuka da dabbobi rayuwa, da kuma hanyar da suka hul] a, yana da muhimmanci ga fahimtar su ci gaba.

Biology: o Sashen

O - nazarin tsarin, rayuwar, rarraba da kuma asalin da shuke-shuke, ta duba, shirya da kuma classifies duk wadannan halaye, kazalika da yanayin rarraba, juyin halitta da lafiyar qasa da Flora. O - wani sashe na kimiyya na duk iri-iri na shuka rai, wanda ya hada da wani yawan rassan. Alal misali, paleobotany karatu dadaddun shuke-shuke ko kuma burbushin samfurori cirewa daga ma'aunan kasa yadudduka. A batu na binciken da ake ma burbushin algae, kwayoyin, fungi da lichens. Fahimtar sauyin yanayi a baya yana da muhimmanci ga yanzu. Wannan kimiyya iya ko zubar da haske a kan yanayi da kuma sikelin da shuka iri tun da Ice Age.

Arheobotanika ne aikin cikin sharuddan karatu da baza noma, magudanun ruwa na dausayi, da sauransu. O (shuka ilmin halitta) zai gudanar da bincike a kan duk matakan, ciki har da al'amarin, al'umma da kuma jinsin, mutum, nama, Kwayoyin da kwayoyin (jinsin halitta, Biochemistry). Masana kimiyyar halitta suna binciko da yawa jinsunan shuke-shuke, ciki har da algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms da flowering (iri) shuke-shuke, ciki har da daji da kuma horar da.

O - wani sashe na shuka sciences da kuma shuka kiwo. A karni na 20th ne dauke da zinariya shekaru na ilmin halitta, saboda godiya ga sabuwar fasahar da cewa kimiyya iya gano dukan sabon matakin. Advanced dabaru a ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu na samar da latest kayan aikin yi nazarin yadda shuke-shuke da sauran halittu da zauna cikin duniyarmu.