Pellagra - a ... hanyar da bayyanar cututtuka na pellagra

Pellagra - wata cuta da cewa bayyana kanta saboda wani rashin bitamin ko tamowa daga rashin ko kasawa a cikin abinci na gina jiki, niacin da amino acid tryptophan.

Cuta da ake gittar da wannan rabo na biyu manya da yara. Mafi yawa rashin lafiya matalauta segments na al'ummar jihar. Pellagra za a iya amincewa kira uku cuta q - dermatitis, zawo, gigin-tsufa, in English sau da yawa ake magana cuta nassoshi 4 da d aka kara a karshen mutuwa (mutuwa).

Nicotinic acid da kuma pellagra

Bayan karanta wannan, mafi yawan mutane na iya fahimta ba, abin da ke da nicotine, wanda shi ne quite m guba. Amma, a gaskiya, nicotinic acid - wani muhimmanci bitamin cewa taka wata babbar rawar a aiki na jikin mutum. A cikin juyayi tsarin musamman rabe ne ba, da sakamako daga wanda aka kawai farko da proviso cewa a cikin jiki Yã isa zama adadin nicotinic acid, wanda aka samar da takamaiman kwayoyin a cikin mutum gut. Amma, duk da cewa niacin (nicotinic acid) yana kunshe ne a cikin taba hayaki, akwai mabanbanta da kuma saboda haka ta mahadi quite mai guba. Daga shi wahala ciki gabobin, na iya zama daban-daban cututtuka a mata masu juna biyu, da bayyanuwar cututtuka daban-daban. pellagra cuta iya bayyana kanta a Club - suna da kadan, ko kuma ba nasu kira.

A tarihin da cutar

Da ma'anar "pellagra" fassara a matsayin m fata. Musamman prevalent cuta samu a cikin XIX karni a kusan dukkanin kasashen Turai. A karshen wannan karni, cutar bace a Faransa kadai.

A daya daga cikin labarun sami cuta pellagra ne aka bayyana kamar haka: marasa lafiya da "gilashin" idanu tare da wani ajali turu, kodadde fuska. Hands kamar bayan m konewa ko raunuka - duk a fasa da scars. Unsteadily tare da girgiza kai halitta da bayyanar da wani mutum da barasa maye. Da alama cewa suna karkashin jagorancin wasu karfi - cewa tafi a daya shugabanci, sa'an nan suka fara gudu daga karshe kokarin mike isa, sa'an nan ba zato ba tsammani fada daga hysterical dariya ko sobs karfi.

The girma na cututtuka da ya faru a kauyen da kuma Semi-ware kungiyoyin (yara gidajensu, gidajen yarin, shafi tunanin mutum asibitoci).

Major annobar cutar sun kasance a cikin bazara da kuma bazara, don haka masana ƙarasa da cewa pellagra ne dauke da kwayar cutar a cikin yanayi. Wani kasar ruwaito cutar ga al'ummomi, a cikin wannan iyali, Saboda haka aka kammala da cewa pellagra ne hereditary.

Bayan dogon kallo Dr. Goldberg samu cewa Semi-collectives da yawa cuta pellagra ya taba Registrations shan kashi da wannan cuta hidima. Saboda haka, gwajin gudanar a ranar kanta a 1916 da Farfesa D. Goldberg, tare da 15 da abokan aiki, ya nuna cewa pellagra - maras-communicable cututtuka. Kuma bayan wani lokaci da abu da aka samu da nasarar warkar da cutar - pellagra rigakafin factor ko PP. Amma a gaskiya, wannan abu da aka samu a 1873 masana kimiyya Weiner, amma kawai bayan shekaru masu yawa ya bayyana cewa PP, kuma nicotinic acid daya ne, kuma wannan abu.

Vitamins a cikin jikin mutum

Vitamin B daukan mataki mai muhimmanci ga dukkan muhimman adam alama. Amma mafi muhimmanci shi ne don taimaka a cikin samuwar ATP da daban-daban halayen. Wannan bitamin rage matakin cutarwa cholesterol a cikin jini, sa'an nan wajen rage yawan hadarin cututtukan zuciya.

Nicotinic acid ne kawai bitamin wanda gane maganin gargajiya a matsayin mai raba medicament kuma yana amfani da a lura da daban-daban tsanani cututtuka.

Rashin B bitamin zai iya sa beriberi, wannan na taimaka:

• Low abun ciki na nicotinic acid ko nicotinamide tare da zuwa cikin jiki da abinci.

• malabsorption bitamin aiki a take hakkin da gastrointestinal fili a cikin ja da baya shekaru.

• Rashin tryptophan amino acid unbalanced rage cin abinci - ba tare da hanji kwayoyin ba haduwa niacin.

• Barasa dogara.

• Daban-daban malignancies.

• Constant gajiya da danniya.

Rawar da alama abubuwa a cikin jikin mutum

Rashin bitamin D rage ci, yanayin rashin zaman lafiya, bacin da sauransu. A kananan adadin ultraviolet da haske sa wani rashin bitamin D a cikin jikin, wanda yake shi ne fraught tare da tsanani sakamakon. Dauke kifi mai, man shanu.

Rashin bitamin E da farko rinjayar da janar yanayin fata, gashi kuma kusoshi. Amma kuma ba tare da shi costing kira na duk tsokoki na jikin mutum - inganta sufuri da na oxygen a jini, ya hana abin da ya faru na atherosclerosis, shi na taimaka wa al'ada aiki na jima'i gabobin.

Rashin bitamin E ne nadiri. Wannan antioxidant yana kunshe ne a isa yawa a cikin kayan lambu mai, hatsi, offal da kuma ganye. Duk da haka, idan hanta ne aiki talauci, ga al'ada sha na bitamin wajibi ne don ta da mugunya bile.

Rashin bitamin K take kaiwa zuwa rushewa daga jini clotting da kuma zub da jini sau da yawa ya bayyana ƙarfafa. Za a iya yin sama da balance, ciki har da a abinci hanta, alayyafo, leaf ko kabeji, tumatir da karas.

Rashin bitamin A karanci alamomin suna bayyana a matsayin "dare makanta", mutanen da fama da wannan cuta, gushe gani a faɗuwar rana, amma daidai gani a cikin rãna. Idan karanci faruwa abruptly, ji na rashin ruwa a cikin idanu. Wani lokaci yana iya fara peeling ko actinic ba kawai fata, amma mucous membranes, da gazawar da endocrine gland - wannan kuma rinjayar da rashin bitamin A. Alamun ne azumi isa lokacin da gudãnar iko. Found a dabba mai, hanta, kwasfa hanta man fetur, kwai yolks, ja karas, tumatir, sabo apricots. Lokacin da abinci ba, ko pickling bitamin ana kiyaye shi a lokacin bushewa ya faru m, halakarwa.

A zamanin yau akwai da dama matakai na Vitamin A, abin da ya bayyana bayyanar cututtuka a kasa:

1. A general cuta daga ciki gabobin, kamar gabã ɗaya, da kuma wasu. Wannan shi ne saboda wani karu a dace da kuma tsirar.

2. Rashin hankali ya fara bayyana. A asibiti karatu, yana yiwuwa riga domin sanin daidai da rashin karanci a cikin jiki.

3. Rashin isassun ko babu bitamin ko wani take hakkin ta digestibility.

Daban-daban na hypovitaminosis ne yanzu quite na kowa, musamman a cikin tsofaffi, ciki ko lactating mata, 'yan wasa, yara, ma'aikata a cikin jiki aiki.

Rawar da bitamin a jikin mutum shi ne fairly fili, da kuma sakaci da wadannan abubuwa masu kawo hadari ga lafiyar.

The abubuwan da fararwa da cutar

• Skin raunuka kunar rana a jiki.

• shan barasa.

• Various cututtuka na gastrointestinal fili.

• Pregnancy ko nono-ciyar.

• Various cututtuka.

• A rashin daidaituwa a cikin abinci.

Ganewar asali da kuma na asibiti cuta

Rashin bitamin a cikin jiki ne kafa a tsawon shekaru, duk yayin da masquerading kamar yadda cututtuka daban-daban - daga shafi tunanin mutum da jijiya. Lokacin da nicotinic acid na da karancin mutane da kullum gajiya ciwo, anorexia, rage aikinta, mai kaifi karu a jiki nauyi.

Sai da bayan lokacin da haƙuri fara koka da rashin barci, irritability, ciwon kai da kuma mantuwa, akwai wani mummunan dauki ga m music, haske launuka da kuma haske. Rushes daga daya matsananci zuwa wani - daga melancholy jihar m.

Duk wadannan yanayi swings sau da yawa bayar da shawarar wasu tunani game da shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya, da kuma kokarin samun da mãsu haƙuri a ziyarci likita hauka.

A wannan yanayin shi zai zama mai kyau idan cutar ya kai mataki na m asibiti manifestations, kuma likita zai yi sosai dubawa, wanda detects tsakaitã ja spots tare da scaly surface a jiki da kuma wani haske Crimson harshe tare da m surface, tare da ragowar hakora a gefuna, daban-daban neuritis da kuma " lumbago ", asarar ji na ƙwarai da wani ɓangare na shafukan.

cututtuka

Amma, da mãsu haƙuri iya amfani cikakken to daya daga talakawa fasaha, kamar yadda bayyana a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban pellagra. Its bayyanar cututtuka sun hada da:

- likitan fata gane edema da itching epithelium zurfin ja launi, wanda akai kafa blisters cewa a ƙarshe fashe da samun rigar, a cikin bayyanar kamar wata kwana kama pityriasis versicolor. Amma a kan lokaci, da fata exfoliated da haka ya zama a bayyane da zurfi yadudduka na epithelium, ko gaba daya discolored da kuma tunatar da vitiligo. A kasar mu, pellagra - shi ne mai rare cuta.

- Lokacin da kyan gani gastroenterologist haƙuri da cutar da shi detects qananan sores a cikin bakinsa, harshen mai haske launuka, rage nauyi na taro. A kuka ga profuse salivation, zawo tare da surkin jini wari, tashin zuciya, rage ko asarar ci, rashin jin daɗi a cikin makogwaro, ko esophagus tura kwararru da za su gudanar ƙarin karatu - sigmoidoscopy da / ko fibrogastroduodeniyu. Bisa ga gwajin sakamakon zai zama a bayyane atrophy na mucosa daga cikin gastrointestinal fili, wani lokacin a kan garun kananan zub da jini ulcers ake gani.

- A karshe mataki na cuta, marasa lafiya da halartar likita hauka ko neurologist. A wannan lokaci yana farawa ci gaba gigin-tsufa, wanda yana tare da psychosis ko encephalopathy, wanda aka bayyana da daban-daban hallucinations, paranoid r ?? i tare da son zũciyõyinsu, kuma agitated. Encephalopathy ciwo ne tare da wani clouding na sani, da fitowan na uncontrolled tsotsa ko fahimtar reflex, ta ƙara tsoka sautin.

A bayyanar cututtuka na pellagra zai dogara ne a kan abin da mataki zai magance aka azabtar da wani gwani iske shi - wani al'amari na sa'a.

The asibiti hoto da cuta ne quite bambancin da za a iya hade tare da sauran cututtuka na hypovitaminosis.

Pellagra, photo kowa bayyanar cututtuka a kasa, shi ne halin da dama sores a bakin, dermatitis, kujera cuta da hankulansu cuta daban-daban yanayi. Wancan ne, bayyanar cututtuka su ne quite bambance bambancen. A manya da cutar pellagra bayyanar cututtuka suna lalacewa ta hanyar wani rauni, apathy, da rage ko cikakken rashi na ci da kuma saboda haka nauyi asara, irritability, gajiya.

Takaici da kujera, da kuma canje-canje a cikin mucosa daga cikin epidermis bayyana zuwa karshen hunturu. Bayan wani lokaci a cikin rashi na bayyanar cututtuka bayan lura fara kona a cikin bakin da profuse salivation. Bayan wannan bayyana kumburi na lebe, zai fi dacewa da ƙananan, da azãba mai samu karaya. Na baka mucosa hyperemic kuma gumis da kuma harshe rufe da kananan ulcers. Harshe yana rufe da wani baki da kuma ruwan kasa patina, amma tip da gefuna ne mai haske ja. A tsawon lokaci, da harshe ne gaba daya ja, ya bayyana lacquered haske. A edematous harshe papillae hypertrophied da kuma bayyana a matsayin ja-dige a gefuna da ragowar haƙora ne bayyane. Bayan wannan m bayyanar cututtuka a hankali ya shiga cikin ƙi, kodadde mucous atrophy papillae, amma zurfin furrows iya bayyana a kan surface na harshe. fata rauni faruwa yafi a bude yankunan.

Kullum pellagra: da bayyanar cututtuka da cutar

Blisters, epidermal thickening tare da wani scaly surface, wanda sa'an nan ya fara da za a gashin, sirara, da kuma ƙarshe atrophy. A wasu lokuta can iya zama wata alama ce ta kashin baya-poliradikulonevriticheskogo, ko cerebrospinal polinevriticheskogo ciwo.

Lokacin da cuta ne sau da yawa ciki, blending smoothly cikin psychosis. Wannan yanayin na iya wuce wa shekaru, tare da shekara-shekara spring exacerbations su iya faruwa da daban-daban da rikitarwa a cikin wani nau'i na typhoid ko bayyanar cututtuka na dysentery, da wuya ci gaba scurvy.

Don kwanan wata, a raya ƙasashe shi ne quite rare. Amma a wasu sassa na Afrika, ko Asia, pellagra - mai tsanani matsalar, duk da haka, likitocin gane shi a wani wuri mataki. A saboda wannan dalili shi zai zama isa ya wuce fitsari domin sanin matakin methylnicotinamide da yawan jini nicotinic acid da kuma bitamin abun ciki b-kungiya.

magani

Marasa lafiya bukatar zama a asibiti inda suka wajabta wasu tebur da wadannan Lines:

1. Protein rage cin abinci tare da babban abun ciki na low-mai abinci, broths, kaza ko quail qwai, da kuma madara ko madara kayayyakin.

2. Shirye-shirye dauke da nicotinic acid. A Hanyar da kashi dogara a kan cutar mai tsanani, da kuma comorbidity.

3. A tsanani lokuta, a tsananin riko ga gado sauran.

4. Various formulations a cikin abin da bitamin ne ba a cikin bukata yawa.

5. A cikin tsanani lokuta, da shawarar a guje jini.

6. Idan na yanzu shafi tunanin mutum da cuta, a cewar masana, yafi amfani da daban-daban tranquilizers, antidepressants.

7. The haƙuri kamata kauce wa dogon bayar wa lokaci a rana har dawo.

Idan ba ka kula akwai ãyõyi da cutar da kuma ba cika da magani, pellagra ne iya kashe wani mutum a game da shekaru biyar.

rigakafin

A prophylactic aikace-aikace, dole ne ka kammala a daidaita cin abincin nasu tare da zama dole adadin abinci cinyewa a antipellagricheskogo factor. A kullum adult da ake bukata domin bitamin PP game 15-25 MG.

A isasshen adadin wannan bitamin da aka samu a alkama, yisti, offal. Milk ƙunshi mai yawa tryptophan, wanda jiki ke iya hada a nicotinic acid.

Ga masu rigakafin kullum pellagra parenteral gwamnati na bukatar manyan allurai bitamin ake bukata a cikin kwayoyin, idan ba a cikin tarihi da cutar, wanda ya tsoma baki tare da al'ada sha na gina jiki da jiki, ko a gaban kullum ko m cututtuka. Saboda haka, rawar da bitamin a jikin mutum muhimmanci isa.

Yana bi da cewa irin wannan cuta ne sauki su hana fiye da zuwa dace gane asali da kuma magani.