Radioactivity, ta daban da kuma hadarin ga mutum

Rediyoaktif radiation ne zuwa kashi daban-daban. Babban kama shi ne cewa su ne duk high-makamashi, nuna da nazarin halittu sakamako na ionization effects, bi da sinadaran halayen a cikin Tsarin rayuwa Kwayoyin, sakamakon mutuwar su. Hankalinmu ba su sani ba ionizing radiation: ba mu gan ta, ba su ji da ba su ji da effects a jikin mu.

Rediyoaktif radiation zasu caje da uncharged barbashi kuma photons. The yawan duniya hadu tare da su a kullum. Na farko shi ne na baya radiation, wanda aka yi sama da uku aka gyara:

- cosmic radiation zuwa ga Duniya daga sarari;

- radiation daga halitta radionuclides kayan gini, iska da kuma ruwa.

- ionizing radiation daga halitta abubuwa da ta zo a cikin jikin mu da abinci da kuma ruwa, gyarawa da nama da kuma tara a cikin jiki domin rayuwa.

Man, haka ma, da fallasa su wucin gadi radiation, wanda aka yadu amfani a cikin kasa da tattalin arziki. A likita filin, misali, ionizing radiation da ake amfani sosai yadu.

Radioactivity kuma da jinsin

Domin yadda ya kamata kare da ionizing radiation, ya zama Masani game da shi iri da dukiyoyinsu. A radiation za a iya raba biyu main kungiyoyin: electromagnetic da corpuscular.

X-ray, kuma g-radiation dangana ga mai fadi da kewayon electromagnetic taguwar ruwa, suna shirya igiyoyin rediyo, haske da hasken ultraviolet. Sun bambanta kawai a zango. A guntu zango da kuma daidai da, da mafi mita na electromagnetic taguwar ruwa a bakan na electromagnetic taguwar ruwa ne g- da X-ray radiation. Tare da gajeriyar zango, mafi girma makamashi radiation, kazalika da shigar azzakari cikin farji ikon.

Sun - tushen na X-haskoki suna partially tunawa da yanayin duniya. Suna kuma da generated da wasu na'urorin (boosters) ga ganewar asali marasa lafiya.

Gamma haskoki ake samar da makaman nukiliya da kuma halayen lalata na rediyoaktif abubuwa. Yana sauƙi wuce ta wurin jikin mutum.

Beta radiation ake kira da ya kwarara daga electrons da positrons, ta na farko barbashi ne korau (electrons) ko tabbatacce (positron) cajin. Sun tashi daga rediyoaktif lalata na nuclei a kwayoyin zarra da jefarwa daga barinta ne. Za a iya shiga ta hanyar da ruwa Layer tare da kauri daga 1-2 cm. Sakawa a iska mai guba beta barbashi a fallasa yankunan suna kafa radiation konewa, da kuma lokacin da ingested da abinci, da ruwa da kuma iska mai daukan hotuna na faruwa a cikin jiki da kuma take kaiwa zuwa wani tsanani radiation lalacewa.

Alpha radiation ake kira da ya kwarara daga gaskiya ma cajin nauyi barbashi da suke da mutum fiye da beta barbashi 7300 sau. Wadannan barbashi an jefarwa a cikin lalata lokaci na wasu abubuwa, amma a high ionizing ikon shiga adam nama zuwa kananan zurfin, shafi kawai fata surface. Bayyana takarda kare da su effects.

Neutrons - ba a ɗauke da lura da barbashi, duk da haka, a lokacin da gaggawa suke da muhimmanci, da ciwon karfi iya shiga iko. Daga neutron radiation kare kayan dauke da hydrogen (paraffin, polyethylene).

Halittu effects na radiation

Duk da matakan kare kan tasirin ionization, a kan ilmi na da kaddarorin wani irin radiation, su iya shiga iko.

A radiation sakamako a kan jiki kamar haka.

• Ionizing radiation ne insidious a wannan hanyar ba ji. Dosimeters - shi ne wani nau'i ne na ƙarin jikinsu, wanda aka yi nufi ga fahimta daga radiation.
• Bayyane raunuka na fata, malaise, hali na radiation amai, ba bayyana nan da nan, amma kawai bayan wani lokaci; kashi summed boye.