Iri radiation.

Yau, mun san iri uku rediyoaktif radiation: alpha, beta, gamma.

Ta yaya suka samar?

Duk na sama iri radiation ne samfurin na lalata da isotopes na sauki abubuwa. Sunadaran abubuwa an hada da wani tsakiya da kuma electrons, wanda juya a kusa da shi. A tsakiya na zarra ne kasa da wata ɗari da dubu sau, amma saboda da musamman high yawa, ta taro ne kusan daidai da jimlar taro na zarra. A abun da ke ciki na nuclei aka gaskiya ma caje barbashi - protons da neutrons da ciwon wutar lantarki. Kuma waɗanda kuma wasu suna da nasaba da juna sosai a hankali. Yawan protons a tsakiya da kuma sanin abin da musamman sinadari mai aiki zarra hada da, misali, - 1 proton a cikin nucleus din ne hydrogen protons 8 - oxygen 92 protons - uranium. Yawan electrons a zarra yayi dace da yawan protons a tsakiya. Kowane electron ne muhimmi korau wutar lantarki daidaita da lura da wani proton, saboda wannan dalilin, overall tsaka tsaki zarra.

Wadanda kwayoyin halitta da ciwon guda tsakiya da yawan protons, amma daban-daban neutron lambar, su ne bambance-bambancen karatu na wannan sinadaran abu da kuma kira ta isotopes. Domin ko ta yaya bambanta su da hali ne wani kashi, sanyã wa da lambar da cewa shi ne Naira Miliyan Xari da duk barbashi a cikin nucleus din wannan isotope. Alal misali, da zuciyar kashi 238 hada da 92 protons da neutrons 146, da kuma uranium-235, guda 92 protons, neutrons amma riga 143. Mafi m isotopes. Alal misali, uranium-238, sadarwa tsakanin protons da neutrons a cikin nucleus din ne sosai rauni, kuma zai jima ko daga baya daga gare shi, ya raba a m naúrar kunsha na biyu daga neutron, kuma proton biyu, ta hanyar mayar uranium 238 a cikin sauran kashi - thorium-234 ne kuma m kashi, da zuciyar wanda ya ƙunshi 144 neutrons da kuma 90 protons. Yana ci gaba da lalata sarkar halayen da kai zarra samar da wata tasha. A lokacin kowane daga cikin wadannan lalata da makamashi da aka saki, da samar da iri daban-daban rediyoaktif radiations.

Idan ka rage wuya da halin da ake ciki, sa'an nan ba za mu iya bayyana zargin daban-daban na radiation: alpha haskoki fitarda wata cibiya cewa kunshi wata biyu daga neutrons da kuma biyu daga protons, beta-haskoki fitowa daga electron. Amma akwai yanayi a cikin abin da isotope ne m don haka da cewa barbashi ne gaba daya ya fito daga gidansa ba dattako, sa'an nan ya jefa a daya rabo haddi tsabta makamashi, wannan tsari shine ake kira gamma radiation. Wadannan iri radiation kamar gamma haskoki, X-ray, da misãlinsa, an kafa ba tare da watsi abu barbashi. A lokacin da ake bukata domin lalata da rabi na dukkanin sunadaran wani ba isotope a wani rediyoaktif kafofin, ake magana a kai a matsayin rabin rayuwa. A tsari na nukiliya rikirkida ne m, kuma ta aiki auna yawa da ke faruwa da na biyu ya ƙãrẽwa, kuma aka auna a becquerels (1 zarra ta biyu).

Daban-daban na radiation ne halin da a saki wani daban-daban adadin kuzari da kuma iya shiga ikon suna da ma daban-daban, don haka da nama da masu rai, su kuma yi aiki daban.

Alpha radiation, wanda shi ne wani rafi da nauyi barbashi iya rike ko da wani takardar takardar, shi ne iya shiga cikin Layer na matattu epidermal Kwayoyin. Yana ba cutarwa, muddin kayan cewa emit alpha barbashi ba zai shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar raunuka ko ta hanyar abinci da kuma / ko inhaled iska. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin da suka zama musamman m.

Beta radiation ne iya shiga 1-2 santimita a rayuwa nama.

Gamma haskoki, wanda tafiya a gudun haske, da mafi hatsari, kuma ba za su iya kawai jinkirta da m slab gubar ko kankare.

All iri radiation zai iya sa lalacewar da wani rai kwayoyin, kuma za su zama da more, da karin makamashi da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga kyallen takarda.

A daban-daban hatsarori a nukiliya wurare da kuma a lokacin fadan da tare da yin amfani da makaman nukiliya, shafi dalilai, rinjayar da jiki, yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari a cikin hadaddun. Bugu da kari a bayyane jiki sakamakon a mutum cutarwa effects ne ma daban-daban na electromagnetic radiation.