Jimla teleportation: babban binciken kimiyyar lissafi

Jimla teleportation ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci ladabi a jimla bayani. Bisa ga jiki albarkatu na rikice, shi ne babban kashi na daban-daban bayanai ayyuka da kuma wakiltar wani muhimmin ɓangare na jimla fasahar wasa muhimmiyar rawa a kara raya jimla sarrafa kwamfuta, sadarwar da kuma sadarwa.

Daga almarar kimiyya zuwa binciken kimiyya

Tana da kan biyu shekarun da suka gabata tun lokacin da aka gano na jimla teleportation, wanda shi ne mai yiwuwa daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da kuma ban sha'awa sakamakon da "baƙuncin" na jimla makanikai. Kafin wadannan da aka sanya mai binciken, wannan ra'ayin mallakar mulkin almarar kimiyya. Da farko ƙirƙira a 1931 by Charles H. Fort Kalmar "teleportation" Ya tun da aka yi amfani da su bayyana tsari da wanda jiki da kuma abubuwan da aka canjawa wuri daga wuri daya zuwa wani, shi ne ba da gaske shawo kan nesa tsakanin su.

A shekarar 1993 ya buga wani labarin da ya bayyana da yarjejeniya na jimla bayanai, da ake kira "jimla teleportation", wanda raba wasu daga cikin cututtuka da aka jera a sama. Yana unknown Jihar wani jiki tsarin da aka auna da baya sake bugawa, ko "sake faruwa" a cikin m site (jiki da abubuwa na asali tsarin zama a wuri canja wuri). Wannan tsari na bukatar da na gargajiya hanyar sadarwa da kuma gusar superluminal sadarwa. Yana bukatar rayuwa na rikice. A gaskiya ma, teleportation za a iya kyan gani, a matsayin yarjejeniya na jimla bayanai da cewa mafi fili yanayin rikice: ba tare da kasancewar wani jihar da canja wurin ba zai yiwu a cikin tsarin na dokokin da yake bayani jimla makanikai.

Teleportation ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban da kimiyya na bayanai. A daya hannun, wannan shi ne wani na ra'ayi yarjejeniya, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban da wani m jimla bayanai ka'idar, da kuma a kan wasu shi ne wani muhimman hakkokin bangaren da yawa fasahar. A jimla repeater - a key kashi na nesa sadarwa. Teleportation jimla sauya, ƙidãyar dangane da ma'aunai da kuma jimla cibiyar sadarwa - ne duk Kalam daga gare ta. Ana amfani da a matsayin mai sauki ga kayan aiki da nazarin "matsananci" kimiyyar lissafi, a kan wucin gadi masu lankwasa da danshin da baki ramukan.

Yau jimla teleportation tabbatar a dakunan gwaje-gwaje a duniya ta yin amfani da wani iri-iri na substrates da kuma fasahar, ciki har da photonic qubits, makaman nukiliya Magnetic rawa, Tantancewar halaye, kungiyoyin na kwayoyin halitta, da tarko kwayoyin zarra da semiconductor tsarin. Fice sakamakon da aka samu a cikin teleportation kewayon zuwan gwaje-gwajen da tauraron dan adam. Haka kuma, aka yi ta kokari hawansa zuwa mafi rikitarwa.

teleportation na qubits

Jimla teleportation aka farko da aka bayyana a gare biyu-matakin tsarin, da ake kira qubits. Layinhantsaki la'akari biyu m jam'iyyun, kira Alice da Bob, wanda raba qubit 2, A kuma B ne a tsarkake sarƙafewa a jihar, wanda kuma ake kira Bell biyu. A ƙofar Alice ba wani qubit da wanda yanayin ρ ne ba a sani ba. Yana nan ya yi aikin hadin gwiwa jimla ji, da ake kira samu na Bell. Yana daukawa a kuma A cikin daya daga cikin hudu Bell jihohi. A sakamakon haka, da shigar da jihar na qubit lokacin da auna Alice vuya da kuma Bob B qubit lokaci guda kimanta a ranar P ^† _k ρP _k. A karshe mataki yarjejeniya Alice watsa wani gargajiya sakamakon ta ji Bob, wanda ya shafi Pauli P _k sadarwarka don mayar da asali ρ.

A farko Jihar wani qubit Alice aka dauke m, saboda in ba haka ba da yarjejeniya an rage wa ta m ji. Bugu da kari, shi iya kanta zama wani ɓangare na wani ya fi girma kumshin tsarin, shared tare da wani ɓangare na uku (a cikin wannan harka nasara teleportation duk na bukatar sake kunnawa huldodi da wannan ɓangare na uku).

A hankula gwaji na jimla teleportation daukan m asali jiha da kuma na ga wani ƙuntata haruffa, misali, shida dogayen sanda na Bloch Sphere. A gaban decoherence ingancin na kerata jihar za a iya bayyana quantitatively m teleportation F ∈ [0, 1]. Wannan daidaito tsakanin jihohin Alice da Bob, a kaddarance a kan duk da ganewa sakamakon Bell da asali haruffa. Domin kananan dabi'u na daidaiton hanyoyin wanzu, domin kyale ajizai teleportation ba tare da m hanya. Alal misali, Alice iya kai tsaye auna asali jiha ta hanyar aika Bob domin shiri na resultant jihar. Wannan ji-horo dabarun kira "gargajiya teleportation." Yana yana da wani matsakaicin daidaito na F _aji = 2/3 ga wani labari jihar, da m Tsarin Harafi Bayan yardatayya unbiased yanayi kamar Bloch Sphere shida zura sandunan ɗaukarsa.

Saboda haka, a nuna qarara na yin amfani da jimla albarkatun ne ainihin darajar F> F _aji.

Ba guda qubit

A cewar jimla kimiyyar lissafi, teleportation na qubits ba iyakance, shi iya hada wani Multi-girma tsarin. Ga kowane guntun mudu d za a iya tsara manufa makirci teleportation amfani da akai maximally sarƙafewa jihar vectors da za a iya samu daga mai ba maximally sarƙafewa a jihar da kuma tushen {U _k} unitary aiki gamsarwa ^{_{tr (U † j U k)}} = dδ j, k . Irin wannan yarjejeniya za a iya gina don wani guntun-Hilbert sarari r. N. mai hankali m tsarin.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, jimla teleportation iya amfani da tsarin da iyaka Hilbert sarari, ya kira ci gaba da-m tsarin. Matsayin mai mulkin, suna gane ta Tantancewar boson halaye, da lantarki filin wanda za a iya bayyana quadrature aiki.

Bugun da kuma rashin tabbas manufa

Mene ne gudun jimla teleportation? Bayani yana daukar kwayar cutar a gudun kama da gudun watsa daga cikin wannan adadin classic - yiwu tare da gudun haske. Rubuce, shi zai iya haka a yi amfani, da yadda na gargajiya iya ba - alal misali, a jimla sarrafa kwamfuta, inda data suna samuwa ne kawai ga mai karɓa.

Shin, jimla teleportation karya da Rashin tabbas {a'ida? A baya, da ra'ayin teleportation aka ba da gaske dauki tsanani da malamai, domin an yi imani da cewa wannan ya saba wa ka'ida da ta hana duk wani ma'auni ko scanning aiwatar cire duk bayanai zarra ko wasu abu. A daidai da manufa na rashin tabbas, da mafi daidai da abu ne leka, da more shi ne ya rinjayi na scanning tsari har wani batu ne kai lokacin da asali jihar na abu gaji da damuwa ga irin wannan har fiye da ba za a iya samu isasshen bayani don samar da wani Replica. Yana sauti tabbatacce: idan wani mutum ba zai iya fitar da bayanai daga abu don ƙirƙirar m kofe, da karshen ba za a iya yi.

Jimla Teleportation for dummies

Amma da shida masana kimiyya (Charles Bennett, Zhil Brassar, Claude Crépeau, Richard Dzhosa, da Ashiru Peres, da kuma Uilyam Vuters) sãmi wata hanya a kusa da wannan dabaru, ta amfani da wani bikin da paradoxical alama na jimla makanikai da aka sani da Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen. Sai suka sãmi wani hanya a duba bayanai teleported abu A, da kuma sauran untested rabo via sakamakon canja wurin wasu abubuwa a lamba tare da A taba madawwama ne.

Daga bisani, da ake ji wa C daukan hotuna dogara leka bayanai za a iya shiga a cikin jihar A don duba. Kuma kansa ba a wannan yanayin da juyawa scanning tsari, haka cimma ne teleportation, ba kwafi.

A gwagwarmayar da kewayon

• A farko jimla teleportation ya faru a shekara ta 1997, kusan lokaci guda da masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Innsbruck da University of Roma. A lokacin gwaji a photon tushen ciwon rabuwa, da kuma daya daga wani biyu daga sarƙafewa photons aka canza saboda na biyu na asali rabuwa photon samu. Kamar wancan ne duka biyu photons ake spaced daga juna.
• A shekarar 2012, akwai wani yau da kullum jimla teleportation (China University of Science and Technology) ta hanyar da mai tsayi lake a nesa na 97 km. A tawagar masana kimiyya daga Shanghai jagorancin Juan Iinem gudanar ya ci gaba da suggestive inji cewa a yarda daidai niyya masaƙa.
• A watan Satumba, wani Littãfi jimla teleportation a kan 143 km aka za'ayi wannan shekara. Austria masana kimiyya daga Academy of Sciences na Austria da kuma Jami'ar Vienna a karkashin shugabanci na Antona Tsaylingera ya samu nasarar daukar kwayar cutar jimla jihohin tsakanin biyu Canary Islands na La Palma da Tenerife. A gwajin amfani da biyu Tantancewar sadarwa Lines a bude, kvantumnaya da kuma na gargajiya, mita uncorrelated rabuwa garwaya biyu daga photons kafofin, sverhnizkoshumnye guda-photon gane da kuma kama Agogon aiki tare.
• A 2015, masu bincike daga US National Institute of Technology Standards da kuma a karon farko sanya da canja wurin da bayanai a kan wani nesa na fiye da 100 km na Tantancewar fiber. Wannan ya yiwu godiya ga institute halitta photon injimin gano illa amfani superconducting nanowires na molybdenum silicide.

A fili yake cewa da manufa na wani jimla tsarin ko fasaha ba tukuna wanzu da kuma babban binciken nan gaba shi ne duk da haka ya zo. Duk da haka, za mu iya kokarin su gane yiwu 'yan takara don takamaiman aikace-aikace na teleportation. Dace hybridization su bayar da m-akai da kuma hanyoyin iya samar da mafi alamar gaba ga jimla teleportation kuma ta aikace-aikace.

short nisa

Teleportation a takaice nisa (1 m) a matsayin jimla ƙidãyar subsystem alamar semiconductor na'urori, da mafi kyau na wanda shi ne mai zane na QED. A musamman, superconducting qubits transmonovye iya tabbatar da deterministic da kuma sosai m teleportation guntu. Sun kuma ba da damar a kai tsaye kwarara daga real-lokaci, wanda alama matsala a kan photonic kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Bugu da kari, sun samar da wani mafi scalable gine-gine, da kuma mafi hadewa data kasance fasahar kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da baya fuskanci, kamar tarko ions. A halin yanzu, kadai drawback daga cikin wadannan tsarin fili ne da karancin jituwar lokaci (<100 ms). Wannan matsala za a iya warware ta yin amfani da QED hadewa da semiconductor haihuwarka juya gungu memory sel (nitrogen-sauya tare da ayyuka ko crystal doped tare da rare duniya abubuwa), wanda zai iya samar da wani dogon jituwar lokaci ga jimla na data ajiya. A halin yanzu, wannan aiwatar da wani al'amari a gare mafi girma kokarin da kimiyya al'umma.

City mahada

Mu teleport zuwa birnin sikelin (dama kilomita) za a iya ci gaba da amfani da na gani halaye. A isasshe low asara, wadannan tsarin samar da babban gudun da kuma bandwidth. Su za a iya kara daga tebur implementations zuwa matsakaici-kewayon tsarin aiki a kan iska ko Tantancewar fiber, tare da yiwu hadewa da wani gungu na jimla memory. A tsawon nisa, amma tare da ƙananan gudun za a iya cimma wani matasan m ko ta bunkasa da kyau repeaters dangane da wadanda ba Gaussian tafiyar matakai.

sadarwa

Long-nesa jimla teleportation (a kan 100 km) ne mai aiki yanki, amma har yanzu shan wahala daga wani bude matsala. Rabuwa qubits - mafi kyau dako ga low-gudun teleport kan dogon fiber na gani Lines na sadarwa da kuma ta hanyar iska, amma a lokacin da yarjejeniya ne a probabilistic saboda bai cika ganewa Bella.

Ko da yake probabilistic teleportation da kuma katsalandan su dace da aikace-aikace kamar barasan na katsalandan da kuma jimla cryptography, amma shi ne a fili daban-daban daga cikin sadarwa a cikin abin da shigar da bayanai dole ne a cika kiyaye su.

Idan muka yarda da wannan probabilistic yanayi, da aiwatar da tauraron dan adam ne a cikin isar da fasahar zamani. Bugu da kari ga hadewa da tracking hanyoyin, babban matsala ne babban asarar sa da yada daga cikin katako. Wannan za a iya shawo kan a wani sanyi inda katsalandan ne rarraba daga tauraron dan adam zuwa cikin terrestrial kawo nesa kusa da babban budewa. Feminism lafazin faransanci da tauraron dan adam budewa na 20 cm a 600 km tsawo da kuma 1 m budewa kawo nesa kusa a ƙasa, wanda zai iya sa ran game da 75 DB na hasara a downlink tashar cewa shi ne kasa da 80 DB asara a ƙasa matakin. Aiwatar da "duniya da tauraron dan adam" ko "abokinsu da tauraron dan adam" ne mafi hadaddun.

jimla memory

Future amfani da teleportation matsayin wani ɓangare na wani scalable cibiyar sadarwa ne kai tsaye related to ta hadewa da jimla memory. A karshen dole ne na kwarai cikin sharuddan yadda ya dace hira dubawa "radiation-al'amari ', wani daidaito na da rikodi da kuma karatu, lokaci da kuma ajiya iya aiki, high gudu da kuma ajiya iya aiki. Da farko shi ba ka damar amfani da repeaters inganta sadarwa zuwa yanzu fiye da kai tsaye canja wurin amfani da kuskure gyara lambobin. A ci gaba da mai kyau jimla memory zai ba da damar ba kawai don rarraba katsalandan da teleportation cibiyar sadarwa sadarwa, amma kuma da alaka da aiwatar da adana bayanai. Daga qarshe, wannan zai iya juya a cikin wani cibiyar sadarwa na duniya rarraba jimla kwamfuta ko wani dalilin gaba jimla Internet.

alamar aukuwa

Nukiliya was al'ada dauke hankalina saboda su m hira da "hasken-al'amarin," kuma su daƙiƙa lokaci na ajiya, wanda zai iya zama har zuwa 100 ms da ake bukata don aika da haske a duniya. Duk da haka, mafi m aukuwa yanzu sa ran a kan tushen da semiconductor tsarin, inda m juya gungu jimla memory kai tsaye hadedde tare da scalable gine na kewaye QED. Wannan memory ba zai iya kawai mika jituwar lokaci kewaye QED, amma kuma a samar da Tantancewar-obin na lantarki dubawa domin interconversion na Tantancewar sadarwa da kuma guntu obin na lantarki photons.

Saboda haka, nan gaba binciken masana kimiyya a filin na jimla internet na iya zama tushen on nesa Tantancewar sadarwa, conjugated semiconducting raka'a ga jimla bayanai aiki.