Schleiden da Schwann - na farko magina cell ka'idar

Rasha physiologist Ivan Pavlov nasa Science kwatanta da yi site, inda ilmi kamar yadda gini tubalan samar da kafuwar tsarin. Kuma da cell ka'idar da ta kafa - Schleiden da Schwann - shared da yawa naturalists da masana kimiyya, da kuma mabiyan su. Daya daga cikin halitta na da ka'idar da salon salula tsarin kwayoyin Virchow da zarar ya ce, "tsaye a kan kafadu na Schwann Schleiden." A da hadin gwiwa aiki na biyu da masana kimiyya da za a tattauna a cikin labarin. Game da cell ka'idar Schleiden da Schwann.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

A shekaru ashirin da shida da shekaru matasa lauya Matthias Schleiden (1804-1881) ya yanke shawarar canza rayuwarsa, fiye da ba a duk yarda da iyali. Amai da dokar yi, ya canjawa wuri zuwa Medical Faculty of Jami'ar Heidelberg. Kuma a cikin shekaru 35 da ya zama wani farfesa a sashen o da Physiology University of Jena shuke-shuke. Its aiki Schleiden gani a unraveling ginshikai na haifuwa na sel. A cikin ayyukansu ya daidai gano primacy na core a cikin kiwo tsari, amma bai ga kamance a cikin tsarin da shuka da dabbobi Kwayoyin.

A cikin labarin "A cikin tambaya na shuke-shuke" (1844) ya bayar da hujjar kowa a cikin tsarin da shuka Kwayoyin, ko da kuwa su location. Bitar da labarin ya rubuta Jamus physiologist Iogann Myuller, mataimakin wanda a wancan lokaci ya kasance Theodor Schwann.

Ba a yi nasarar firist

Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) karatu a Faculty of Falsafa na Jami'ar Bonn, saboda na yi tunani shi ke shugabanci mafi kusa ga mafarki - ya zama firist. Duk da haka, ban sha'awa a cikin halitta tarihi ya da karfi da cewa Theodore University sauke karatu riga a cikin Faculty of Medicine. Aiki a matsayin mataimakin ake magana I. Müller, na shekaru biyar, ya sanya da yawa binciken da zai zama isa ga wasu masana kimiyya. Wannan ganewa na pepsin a ciki ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma membranes na jijiya zaruruwa. Shi ya tabbatar da kai tsaye hannu na yeasts a cikin fermentation tsari.

sahabbai

A kimiyya al'umma ya sa'an nan Jamus ne ba ma high. Saboda haka, taron na Jamusawa masana kimiyya Schleiden da Schwann aka shãfe haske. Ta dauki a wani cafe a daya daga cikin abincin rana karya, a 1838. Future abokan aiki tattauna aikinsu. Matthias Schleiden Theodor Schwann shared ya find amincewa da nuclei na sel. Maimaita cikin gwaje-gwajen da Schleiden, Schwann karatu dabba Kwayoyin. Su sadarwa mai yawa da kuma zama abokai. Kuma a shekara daga baya akwai hadin gwiwa aiki "microscopic jarrabawa na kama a tsarin da kuma ci gaban da na farko raka'a dabba da kayan lambu asalin," wanda ya yi Schleiden da Schwann kafa rukunan da cell, tsarinta da aiki.

A ka'idar da salon salula tsarin

Babban hakan ba, wanda yin tunãni aikin Schwann da Schleiden, - wannan shi ne abin da rayuwa ne a cikin sel duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. The aiki na wani Jamus - sani akan cututtuka Rudolfa Virhova - a 1858 karshe kawo tsabta da Kwayoyin m tafiyar matakai. Shi ya kara da aikin Schleiden da Schwann sabon hakan ba. "Kowane cell na cell", - ya sa an kawo karshen maras wata-wata ƙarni na rayuwa al'amurran da suka shafi. Rudolfa Virhova yawa la'akari a co-author, da kuma wasu kafofin amfani da sanarwa "cell ka'idar Schwann, Schleiden, kuma Virchow."

A zamani rukunan keji

Daya ɗari da tamanin da shekaru sun shude tun wannan lokacin, za mu kara da gwaji da kuma ka'idojin ilimi na rai ne, amma kafuwar zauna cell ka'idar Schleiden da Schwann, da ka'idodi na wanda su ne:

• Kai-sabuntawar, rubanya kansu da kuma kai-gudãnar cell - ne kafuwar da asali naúrar na rayuwa.
• Domin duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya halin da su m tsarin.
• A cell ne mai sa na polymers wanda aka sake ƙirƙirarsu daga inorganic aka gyara.
• Su haifuwa yana cika ta rarraba uwa cell.
• Kwayar kwayoyin shafi na musamman Kwayoyin a cikin nama, sashin jiki da kuma tsarin.
• All musamman Kwayoyin suna kafa a bambantawa na totipotent.

bifurcation batu

Theory Jamusawa masana kimiyya Matthias Schleiden da Teodora Shvanna shi ne sauyi a gaban kimiyya. Dukan bangarorin ilimi - histology, cytology, ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu, haltta Pathology, Physiology, Biochemistry, embryology, ka'idar juyin halitta, da kuma waɗansu da yawa - sun samu wani iko da samar da kuzari ga ci gaba. A ka'idar, wanda ya bada wani sabon fahimtar da interactions cikin tsarin halitta, ya buɗe sababbin sãsanni ga masu bincike, wanda sai amfani da su. Rasha Ivan Chistyakov (1874) da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland-German halitta E. Strasburger (1875) bayyana ginshikai na mitotic (asexual) cell division. Bi ta gano chromosomes a tsakiya da kuma da rawar a gadar hali da kuma bambancin da kwayoyin, bidiyon dikodi aiwatar da kwafi da kuma fassarar da DNA kuma da rawar a cikin furotin biosynthesis, makamashi da kuma roba metabolism a cikin ribosomes, gametogenesis da kuma samuwar wani zygote.

Duk wadannan binciken tubalin gina wata kimiyya na cell a matsayin tsarin naúrar da kuma tushen duk wata rayuwa a duniya duniya. Industry ilimi, kafuwar wanda aka aza a kan binciken na abokai da kuma abokansu, abin da suka Jamusawa masana kimiyya Schleiden da Schwann. Yau, dauke da makamai masana kimiyyar electron bincike da madubin likita a yarda a kan goma goma da kuma daruruwan sau da kuma rikitarwa kayan aikin, hanyoyin da radiation da isotopic lakabtawa na sakawa a iska mai guba, kwayoyin kwaikwaiyo fasaha da kuma wucin gadi embryology, amma cell har yanzu ya kasance mafi m tsarin rayuwa. All sabon binciken game da tsarin da kuma aiki kawo kimiyya duniya kan rufin ginin, amma babu wanda zai iya hango ko hasashen ko ta yi za a kammala da kuma lokacin. A halin yanzu, ginin da aka ba su kammala, kuma mun duk sa ido in sabon binciken.