Solar tsarin karo na farko ya bayyana masanin kimiyya Nikolay Kopernik

The hasken rana tsarin - da guda mafi karatu tsarin a cikin sararin samaniya. A halin yanzu, akwai game 8 zuwa 63 taurari da kuma tauraron dan adam, dake a cikin tsarin. Bude da yawa asteroids da meteors na daban-daban masu girma dabam, kazalika da comets, wanda a cikin sarari guda crosses dukan tsarin.

Abin da masana kimiyya na farko da aka bayyana cikin hasken rana tsarin? Yana da aka halitta kuma idan akwai alama daga gaban rayuwa a cikin sauran taurari?

Tarihi na samu

Abin mamaki, da hasken rana tsarin da aka farko aka bayyana ta a masanin kimiyya mai suna Nikolay Kopernik a XVI karni. Kafin shi, a kan wuri a cikin sarari da hanzari misali. An yi imani da cewa Duniya ne cibiyar sararin samaniya, da kuma dukan abubuwa akwai doguwar a kusa da shi. Duk da rashin kayan aiki na zamani don nazarin m sarari, samman ya iya daidai ƙayyade wurin da Duniya a sarari. Ya farko sanya wani model na mu hasken rana tsarin, gabatar da heliocentric. Wannan yana nufin cewa duk aka sani a lokacin da taurari akwai doguwar a kusa da Sun kuma kewaye ta axis.

Galileo da sauran masana kimiyya

A na gaba karni da taimakon m kawo nesa kusa da hasken rana tsarin da aka farko aka bayyana ta a masanin kimiyya - Galileo Galilei. Saboda haka akwai ainihin hujja daga cikin heliocentric tsarin, da aka ambata ta samman. Galileo gano hudu watanni orbiting Jupiter. Ko da yake ya kamata a tuna da cewa shugabannin addini na cewa lokaci yamar da heliocentric model na hasken rana tsarin.

XVIII karni da aka alama ta sabon binciken a ilmin taurari. Solar tsarin karo na farko ya bayyana masanin kimiyya ya gano wani mini ne unknown duniya - Uranus. Wadannan 2 da tauraron dan adam na Saturn da Uranus, biyu da tauraron dan adam da aka bude a gare shi.

A ganiya a cikin bincike na hasken rana tsarin da ke a cikin tsakiyar XX karni. Kuma a sa'an nan da hasken rana tsarin da aka farko aka bayyana ta da masanin kimiyyar-jannati, da farko suka gan shi da idona. Bugu da ari spaceflight tabbatar heliocentrically mu galaxy. Yau da ƙaddamar da tashar sararin samaniya da kuma tauraron dan adam, kazalika da flights zuwa sauran duniyoyi bunkasa fahimtar da mu galaxy.

A Solar System, kuma ta taurari

Sun tare da taurari na da Milky Way galaxy - mafi karatu na san talikai. Ya kunshi 8 taurari da ke bayyane a kan sararin sama a cikin hanyar kananan taurari, nuna da haske mafi kusa ga star - rãnã. Su kira duniya sunayen gumãka, bauta masa da mutane na zamanin d Girka da Roma.

Har ila yau a cikin hasken rana tsarin shi shiga cikin asteroid bel, planetary da tauraron dan adam da kuma comets tsallaka da star tsarin. Ta yaya duniya da kuma da sararin yawan taurari ba daidai m, amma koyo game da kusa taurari, da yawa za a iya cimma. Duk da taurari na mu tsarin kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: terrestrial da giant taurari. La'akari da zuwan mana.

Planet Duniya Group

Wannan kungiyar hada da ake kira taurari kusa Duniya ta kewayewa da kuma kunshi wuya saman. Bugu da kari ga Duniya, su ne: Mercury, Venus kuma Mars. Hakika, mafi karatu na duk wadannan taurari ne na musamman da ƙasar. Tare da m wuri mai faɗi da kuma kyakkyawa, 'yan saman jannati, kallon ta daga sarari, kira a matsayin shudi lu'u-lu'u a wani sanyi sarari.

Binciken da abun da ke ciki na Duniya ta wajen dukan girgizar kasa kida, da masana kimiyya ƙarasa da cewa a cikin duniya shi ne ja-zafi core kewaye da wata alkyabba. Kananan m surface ake kira da ɓawon burodi. Shi ne wadannan karatu sun taimaka sanin cewa wasu uku terrestrial taurari da irin wannan tsarin da kuma suke da matukar kama da juna.

Mercury

A mafi kusa duniyar tamu zuwa Sun - Mercury - shi ne kananan idan aka kwatanta da Duniya. Shi ne 20 sau kasa da nauyi na duniya, kuma yana da girma da 2.5 sau fiye da karami da cewa na Duniya. gudun juyawa a kusa da axis ne 58.7 Duniya kwanaki, da kuma Mercury falakinsu da Sun cikin 88 Duniya kwanaki. A duniya ne don haka kusa da star, da yawan zafin jiki a kan m gefe ne mafi girma daga 400 digiri Celsius, amma a kan Reverse gefen dukkan freezes a -200 digiri.

A shekarar 2009 kadai, da masana kimiyya sun iya yin farko maps of duniya, dangane da hotuna samu ta hanyar guje mata kumbon sama jannati. Mercury ba da da kansa yanayi da kuma shi ne mai kama da tauraron dan adam na duniya tamu - watã. Saboda da kusanci zuwa rãnã da elliptical madawwama biyu na bincike da aka matukar wuya.

Venus kyakkyawa

Shi ne na biyu nesa daga rana duniya da ciwon ta yanayi. Za ka iya tunanin cewa rayuwar shi ne zai yiwu a Venus, amma, da rashin alheri, shi ne ba. A yanayi na wannan duniyar tamu ne sosai m, kuma m. Domin mafi part shi kunshi carbon dioxide, amma ya ƙunshi guba abubuwa kamar sulfuric acid.

Venus revolves a kusa da rãnã da sauri fiye da Earth kuma, sha'awa, a gefen da shi. Yawa da aka kammala a 225 kwanaki da axis - for 243 kwanaki. Saboda da yawa daga cikin yanayi a duniya da zazzabi ya wuce 500 digiri Celsius. Saboda haka, shi yana samu mafi zafi da hasken rana tsarin taurari.

Duniya - blue lu'u-lu'u

Duniya - mafi karatu na duk taurari. Ta yi karatu na tsawon karnoni, amma kawai XX karni ya iya kwana da amsoshin tambayoyi shirya kai a baya. Abin da ta form, a kan wanda shi rataye, da kuma sauran batutuwa. A farko flights cikin sarari masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da zato da kuma tabbatar da undeniable gaskiya: da Duniya ne zagaye da kuma rataye a kan wani abu a cikin matsanancin sarari. Yau, muna daidai sane da yanayi, da kuma saboda shi duka za a amince zauna a can.

Sun kuma gano cewa wannan duniya tamu akwai wani Magnetic bel, wanda yake iya kare dukan abubuwa masu rai daga cutarwa rana haskoki da hasken rana da iska. Wadannan disturbances za a iya lura a matsayin arewaci da kudancin fitilu.

Ya kamata kuma a ce game da m Duniya tauraron dan adam - da Moon. Daidai ne a cikin gudu na biyu a kusa da axis kuma a kusa da Earth, saboda wannan za a iya gani kawai a gefe daya na shi. Wannan shi ne abin da na taimaka wa gaskiya cewa watã ne ma wani garkuwa ga duniya da kuma na'am da most yawan meteorites fada kan. A surface na Moon an da karatu, da yawa craters ko depressions suna suna bayan masana kimiyya ya gano su. Muddin ta zauna ita kadai sarari abu, to wanda wani mutum ya ziyarci.

Mars

A karo na hudu na nazarin sasannin taurari. A ja duniyar tamu ne fraught da yawa asĩri. duniya yanayi sauki isa, ya qunshi yafi carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen m da kuma wasu abubuwa. Mars sau da yawa bugãwa hadari da iska, cikinsa da iska gudu kai 100 m / s. Tun da duniyar da ya rage daga ruwa gano, masana kimiyya sun Jita-jitar da shi iya kasance da suke zaune a baya. A shekara a kan Mars ne 687 kwanaki, da kuma yawan zafin jiki ba ya tashi sama debe 23 digiri a lokacin rani. A wannan zafin jiki, da rayuwa, a cikin mutum ma'anarta, ba zai yiwu ba ga Mars.

A ranar, da search ci gaba ga Extraterrestrial wayewar. Masana kimiyya na farko samu ruwa a duniya wajen hasken rana tsarin, amma yanzu yana da kawai wani zato. A kan wani duniya da ake kira Osiris, located a nesa na 150 haske a shekara, kamar wata Nuggets aka zargin samu a na analysis. Mutane da yawa sau da yunkurin masana kimiyya ya sami Extraterrestrial wayewar tabbatar m.

Solar tsarin, da watsuwar wanda yake shi ne partially musamman. An ayi a manufa wuri na galaxy da Milky Way ga wanzuwar rayuwa a cikin shi. Duk da yake ba su iya gane irin wannan tsarin. A sakamakon haka, masana kimiyya sun gane hasken rana tsarin musamman a cikin irin.