Stanza - shi ne yadda mutane da yawa layuka? Mene ne wani stanza a cikin waka?

Kalmar "aya" ya zo daga kalmar Helenanci ma'ana "kunna", "kadi". Wannan hade da wani yawan abubuwa (aya Lines), wanda shine na ginin jumla, syntactic da rhythmic hadin kai. "Stanza - shi ne yadda mutane da yawa Lines?" - Ka tambayi. Amsa. Its abun da ke ciki na iya hada daga 2 zuwa 14 ayoyi. Names stanzas (asali), za mu gabatar muku a yanzu.

couplet

Mafi sauki daga cikinsu shi ne wani couplet (a cikin wasu kalmomi - m). Wannan irin ayar amfani gwada da wuya a cikin kasa shayari. Ana amfani da, misali, M. Yu. Lermontov a cikin waka: "Sea Princess".

tercet

Kunsha na uku Lines ayar stanza kira triplets (in ba haka ba - Terzetto). Wannan nau'in kuma an wuya amfani da Rasha kasida. Fiye da sau da yawa shi tercets kunshe a wasu, ya fi girma stanzas. An rubuta su, misali, da waka "Song Jahannama" Blok.

quatrain

Mafi mashahuri na duk sauran nau'o'in aya ne daga cikin gida da kasida quatrain (a cikin wasu kalmomi - da quatrain). Samuwa ne a wani hade da ayoyi hudu na samar da wani m iri-iri irin murya, kari. Daban-daban quatrain m cakude. Yana iya a wasu lokuta a kunshe a cikin sauran, ya fi girma jinsunan stanzas. Kamar yadda wani misali Onegin ayar da Sonnet. A quatrain daban-daban aiyuka hanyoyin da rhyme, amma ya fi kowa ake kira giciye-rhyme (abab makirci gina a kan). Alal misali, da waka "Dream" M. Yu. Lermontova, inda na farko line Daddy tare da uku, da kuma na biyu - a karo na hudu. Misalan suna da yawa.

Kada dame biyu irin kalmomi - "kirtani" da "aya". Duka wadannan matsalolin suna da ha ta da cewa sun kunshi ayoyi. 4 aya, duk da haka, na iya hada aikin rubuta quatrain, distihom, da dai sauransu A Tercet 4 Lines constituting ayar -. Shin yaushe quatrain.

Stances

Stanzas ne na musamman irin ayar, wanda kunshi hudu layuka. Bari mu yi la'akari da shi a cikin mafi daki-daki. A Rasha shayari aka hada da hudu waqe rubuta ta iambic tetrameter, aya, wanda yana amfani da giciye-rhyme (abab gina a kan makirci). Bugu da kari a wadannan m halaye, daban-daban daga kowace quatrains da kuma na ginin jumla cikawa. A mafi daukan hankali ayyuka suna rubuta stanzas a cikin gida adabi ne A. S. Pushkinu. A cikin kasidu, wannan ayar bayyana fiye da sau daya. Misalai: "Na yi yawo ...", "Stanzas," "A cikin zurfin na Siberian ores".

Wajibi ne a rarrabe daga sauran iri stanzas, wajen wuya amfani a Rasha shayari, sonnet, octave, kazalika da musamman irin halitta da Pushkin - Onegin stanza.

sonnet

Sonnet an dauki mafi yawa a matsayin lyric nau'o'i. Duk da haka, daga wani m ra'ayi, wannan stanza. Sonnet hada da sassa biyu. A farko kunshi biyu quatrains (watau quatrains), da kuma na biyu ya ƙunshi biyu TERCET (ie, uku-line).

Sonnet kamar yadda ayar - shi ne yadda mutane da yawa layuka? Don amsa wannan tambaya, yana yiwuwa wajen ƙidaya yawan adadin kayyade a cikin bangaren sassa da muka takaice sakamakon lambobi. Za ka iya yi shi da kanka da kuma duba sakamakon. Ya kamata ka yi daidai da 14 Lines. A sonnets na mita ne iambic pentameter (da wuya amfani da shestistopny). Ko gargajiya sauki embodiment rhyme makirci iya bambanta idan wadannan abubuwan da ake bukata: dole ne a yi amfani a biyu quatrains ravnozvuchnye rhyme zuwa triplets kamata a yi amfani da biyu (ko fiye da wuya, uku), wanda su ne daban-daban daga wadanda amfani da quatrains. Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym an halitta uku shahara sonnet, "Madonna", "saboda haka", "Harsh Dante raina sonnet ...".

Onegin stanza

Onegin stanza Aleksandrom Sergeevichem da aka gabatar a cikin adabi musamman domin da labari mai taken "Eugene Onegin". Kamar yadda za ka iya tsammani, sunan shi ya sami asali daga wannan aikin. Yana yayi dace da wadannan block zane: AbAbCCddEffEgg. Don amsa tambaya "nawa layuka a cikin Onegin stanza?" zai yiwu da kirgawa yawan abubuwa a cikin kewaye. Akwai kawai 14. A wannan makirci, kaddamarda kwarmato mace magana (karshen), da kuma Ƙaramin baki nuna maza. A ko'ina cikin rubutu, "Evgeniya Onegina", wannan tsarin ne kiyaye, ban da haruffa Tatiana (babi na uku), Onegin (takwas) da kuma "Songs of mata" (babi na uku).

octave

Amsoshin wadannan tambayoyi: "Octave kamar yadda ayar - shi ne yadda mutane da yawa Lines?" Ya kunshi takwas ayoyi, kamar yadda za ka iya tsammani daga sunan. "Octave" a Latin yana nufin "takwas". Lines wakoki rhyme shi a cikin wadannan hanya: abababcc. A dole ne sãɓawar namiji da mace sassan jumlar. A wasu daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan Rasha shayari cin wannan aya? Misali octave - shi ne "The House a Kolomna", wani waka da Pushkin.

Mene ne iri rabo daga stanzas?

Da rabo daga stanzas sau da yawa ya auku bisa wani fili Daddy a cikin shi. Duk da haka, duka a cikin West, kuma a cikin kasa shayari ya samu babba da hankali kamar yadda mai hade da rhymed da unrhymed ayoyi. Yana dole ne a yi la'akari, amsawa ga tambaya "Wane ne stanza a waka?". Bugu da ƙari, akwai ƙila za a shirya strophic jinsuna ta hanyar gabatar da elongate kuma taqaitaccen ayar. Sau da yawa a hada a wani yawan ayoyi na daidaita tsawon, gajeriyar daya (wanda ya faru sau da yawa), ko kuma ƙara (wanda ya faru da wuya). Bugu da kari, tartsatsi a yau samu alternating bisa ga wasu sharudda a cikin ayar Lines, sau da yawa rhymed, na zalunci tsawon.

Za a yaba cewa duk na zane ka'idojin za a iya hade tare da juna, a jam'i ayoyi ma izni anya via Bugu da kari tare da ƙarin "madubi" (baya) located a cikinta abubuwa.

Features na song nau'o'i

A cikin abun da ke ciki na musamman rawar da stanza maimata iya wasa da dama kumshin raka'a. Wannan shi ne hankula yafi ga song salo. Ya kamata a lura a nan ya mayar da data kasance a cikin daya ayar (misali, maimaitawa na karshe ayar farko samar da wani annular yi). A daban-daban nau'o'i na song sau da yawa samu kai stanza (da ake kira da "dena"), wanda aka maimaita ba tare da canje-canje bayan juna a cikin wannan waka, kuma ya ba da wani wa'adi biyu juyin da abun da ke ciki.

By definition ayoyi matsayin m alama da aka dauke da wani yau da kullum da repeatable. Amma akwai kuma ayar nau'o'i, inda maimaitawa ne iyakance kawai da misalin, shi ne fiye ko žasa ri, wanda shi ne a wasu lokuta quite jinsin, rikewa da wannan irin lax kumshin aiki.

Wasu iri m siffofin stanzas a duniya wakoki

A babbar dama daban-daban m siffofin stanzas tsiwirwirinsu duniya shayari. A tsufa, misali, mun sami richness na da nau'in. Su kullum ci gaba daga baya a cikin lyrics na sauran Turai al'ummai. Wannan nau'in ayoyi kamar elegiac distich, goratsieva ko alkeeva, aya, sapphic manyan da kananan, asklepiadova bayar da dama iri iri, da sauransu. Akai-akai wasa mafi yawansu ba su a cikin kasa versification, sau da yawa m. A wannan yanayi, a da yawa karami irin rawa da wakoki a gabashin Rasha. Daga shi yunkurin An yi kwanan nan jawo dama siffofin (Persian quatrain barewa). A arziki al'adunmu na Latins a Rasha shayari aka wakilta wasu daga cikin "m siffofin", kamar tilawa, sonnet, octave, Sestina, Triolet, terza Rima, da sauransu.

Alexandrine a Rasha shayari

Ya kamata kuma a lura alexandrine wanda kahu sosai a Soviet wallafe-wallafe. Yana da aka dauka daga Faransa, kuma ya kasance a cikin 18th karni Rasha shayari m form don jaruntakar waka da kuma na gargajiya bala'i. Ya kunshi couplets wakilta tsezurovannym shestistopnym pentameter, a cikin abin da akwai nau'i-nau'i daga rhyming alternately da mace, da namiji. Wasu sauran iri couplets sau da yawa amfani a cikin Genre na "Romance", kazalika da inscriptions, epigrams, da dai sauransu Example - .. "The Black shawl" Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Mun dauke wasu irin stanzas. A gaskiya ma, akwai quite mai yawa daga gare su. Amma shi ne yafi amfani a Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Za mu iya ɗauka cewa a mafi yawan lokuta don nazarin waqe wannan bayani ya isa. Yanzu ka san abin da wata aya a cikin waka. Muna fatan za ka iya gane da main iri shi. A amsar wannan tambaya "Stanza - shi ne yadda mutane da yawa Lines?" za a iya samu a cikin wannan rubutu.