Stratosphere - Menene wannan? A tsawo daga cikin stratosphere

Stratosphere - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manya yadudduka da iska harsashi na duniya tamu. Yana farawa a tsawon game da 11 km sama da ƙasa. Ga da jirage ba su tashi fasinja jirgin sama da kuma da wuya samar da girgije. A stratosphere ne lemar sararin samaniya Layer na Duniya - wani bakin ciki harsashi, abin da na tsare duniya daga tareda žata UV shigar azzakari cikin farji.

M harsashi na duniya

A yanayi ne mai gas ambulan duniya m zuwa ciki surface na ɓawon burodi da kuma hydrosphere. A matsanancin iyakar da shi ne a hankali motsi a cikin sarari. A abun da ke ciki na yanayi qunshi gas: nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide da sauransu, - kazalika da impurities a cikin nau'i na turɓaya, ruwa droplets, kankara lu'ulu'u, kayayyakin na konewa. A rabo daga core abubuwa iska jaka da ya rage m. Ban ne carbon dioxide da kuma ruwa - adadin su a cikin sararin sama sau da yawa dabam.

ƙasansu akwai waɗansu inuwõwi gasbag

A yanayi ne zuwa kashi da dama yadudduka, wanda suna located daya sama da sauran da kuma ciwon da siffofin:

• iyaka Layer - kai tsaye dab da duniyar tamu ta surface, kara zuwa tsawo na 1-2 km.

• troposphere - wani biyu Layer, da matsanancin iyaka da aka located a wani talakawan tsawo na 11 km, an mayar da hankali kusan duk ruwa tururi na yanayi, girgije an kafa, akwai cyclones da anticyclones kara tsawo kai da zazzabi.

• tropopause - a mika mulki Layer, halin da lõkacin fatara daga zazzabi rage.

• stratosphere - a Layer, mikawa zuwa tsawo na 50 km kuma shi ne raba cikin yankunan uku: daga 11 zuwa 25 km zafin jiki dabam dan kadan, daga 25 zuwa 40 - da yawan zafin jiki yakan daga 40 zuwa 50 - da yawan zafin jiki ya rage m (stratopause).

• mesosphere kara zuwa tsawo na 80-90 km.

• thermosphere ya kai 700-800 km saman teku matakin, shi ne a tsawon 100 km is located Karman line, wanda aka dauka a matsayin iyaka tsakanin yanayin duniya da kuma m sarari;

• exosphere kuma ake kira da watsi zone, a nan rarefied gas hasarar yawa particulate al'amari da suka tashi a sarari.

Zazzabi canje-canje a cikin stratosphere

Saboda haka da stratosphere - wani ɓangare na gaseous ambulan na duniya, wadannan da troposphere. Ga zazzabi akai a ko'ina cikin tropopause, an fara canza. A tsawo daga cikin stratosphere ne kamar 40 km. Lower iyaka - 11 km saman teku matakin. Tun da yake wannan alama, shi shigarsu kananan canje-canje a cikin zazzabi. A tsawon 25 km na dumama rate fara tashi sannu a hankali. By kusa da 40 km saman teku matakin, da zazzabi da aka karu da zuwa + -56,5º 0,8ºS. Bugu da ari, shi ya zauna kusa da sifili digiri har zuwa 50-55 km tsawo. A sashi tsakanin 40 da 55 kilomita stratopause kira saboda zafin jiki ne bai canja ba. Shi ne da mika mulki zone daga stratosphere zuwa mesosphere.

Features na stratosphere

A stratosphere na Duniya qunshi game da 20% nauyi na jimlar yanayi. The iska ne don haka rarefied cewa mutum zama ba tare da wani musamman kwat da wando ne ba zai yiwu ba. Wannan hujja - daya daga cikin dalilan da cewa flights cikin stratosphere fara kawai kwanan aiwatar.

Wata sifa ta wannan gasbag duniyar tamu to 11-50 km tsawo ne a wani sosai kananan adadin ruwa tururi. A stratosphere, saboda wannan dalilin, kusan ba ya samar da girgije. Domin ba su da wani gini abu. Duk da haka, da wuya ne har yanzu yiwu mu tsayar da ake kira nacreous girgije cewa suna "ado" stratosphere (hoto da aka nuna a kasa) a tsawon 20-30 km saman teku matakin. Bakin ciki, kamar yadda idan glowing daga cikin ilimi za a iya gani bayan faduwar rana ko kafin fitowar rana. Form nacreous girgije kamar cirrus ko Cirrocumulus.

lemar sararin samaniya Layer

Babban bayãnin hukuncin siffa daga cikin stratosphere - wannan shi ne matsakaicin a cikin dukan yanayi, da lemar sararin samaniya taro. An kafa ta mataki na hasken rana da kuma kare dukan abubuwa masu rai a duniya a kan su hallakaswa radiation. A lemar sararin samaniya Layer aka located a tsawon 20-25 km saman teku matakin. Yã ₃ kwayoyin rarraba a ko'ina cikin stratosphere, kuma ko da suna da duniyar tamu ta surface, amma a wannan matakin akwai cincirindo na su.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa lemar sararin samaniya Layer ne kawai 3-4 mm. Irin wannan ne ta kauri ta ajiye barbashi na gas a karkashin al'ada matsa lamba, misali, da farfajiya na duniya. Lemar sararin samaniya da aka samar da lalata da oxygen kwayoyin karkashin mataki na ultraviolet radiation a kan biyu kwayoyin halitta. Daya daga cikin su an haɗa zuwa "full" kwayoyin da kuma samar da lemar sararin samaniya - Ya _3.

m matsari

Lemar sararin samaniya kwayoyin sha ultraviolet radiation tare da wani zango guntu fiye 0.1-0.2 microns. Wannan shi ne ya tsaron gida rawa. A bakin ciki Layer na bluish gas hana Duniya hasken rana radiation detrimental zuwa rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Tun da lemar sararin samaniya da kwarara iskar da dama a kusa da surface. An kafa a kan Duniya a lokacin a hadiri, aikin copiers ko X-haskoki. Sha'awa, mafi girma taro na lemar sararin samaniya ne m da mutane. An kafa ta mataki na hasken rana a sosai ƙazantar yankunan. Zauna a cikin abin da ake kira lemar sararin samaniya smog barazana ga rayuwa. Bluish gas ne iya halakar da huhu. Ana rinjayar gabansa da kuma a kan shuke-shuke - su gushe wajen samar da kullum.

Lemar sararin samaniya Layer ãr

Matsalar da lemar sararin samaniya rami da aka rayayye tattauna a cikin kimiyya al'umma game da 70-ies karni na karshe. Yanzu mun san cewa halakar da garkuwa sa iska, masana'antu amfani da CFCs da kuma wasu sauran mahadi, da lalata gandun daji, da ƙaddamar da sarari roka da kuma high-tsawo jirgin sama. Gamayyar kasa da kasa ta soma wani jerin yarjejeniyoyi shafe akan rage samar da abubuwa masu cutarwa. Da farko muna magana ne game da Freon, amfani da su haifar da aerosols, refrigeration tsarin, wuta extinguishers, yarwa tableware da sauransu.

A wannan yanayin, akwai shaida ga bayar da shawarar cewa samuwar lemar sararin samaniya rami ne saboda halitta haddasawa. Cutarwa abubuwa cikin yanayi a sakamakon volcanic eruptions da raurawar asa, da gãfartawa a Oceanic ɓawon burodi. Yau, da tambaya da take rawa a cikin mutum halakar da lemar sararin samaniya Layer ga yawan masana kimiyya ya rage rigima.

Tashi a cikin stratosphere

Mastering da stratosphere fara a 30s na karshe karni. Yau, har zuwa tsawon kilomita 20 hau fama da supersonic kasuwanci jirgin sama. Mark a 40 km tsawo yanayin balloons isa. Record tsawo, wanda ya kai wani unmanned balan-balan - 51,8 km.

A hankali Master wannan ɓangare na da jakar iska da kuma masoya na matsananci wasanni. A shekarar 2012, kasar Austria skydiver Felix Baumgartner ya sanya da Jump daga stratosphere zuwa tsawo kusan 39 km. Breaking a-jirgin sauti shãmaki, shi ya sauka lafiya. Baumgartner karya rikodin ga mataimakin shugaban kasar Google ta Alan Eustace. Domin minti 15 sai ya tafi, kuma kai gudun sauti, 40 km.

Saboda haka, a yau da stratosphere - Wannan shi ne mafi unexplored Layer na cikin yanayi, maimakon a farkon karni na karshe. Amma har yanzu ba mai haske ne nan gaba na lemar sararin samaniya Layer, ba tare da wanda babu wani rai a duniya. Muddin kasar yanke samar da Freon, wasu masana kimiyya ce cewa shi ba zai yi yawa kyau, a kalla a cikin taki da sauran cewa shi ba ya bukatar, saboda mafi yawan abubuwa masu cutarwa samar da sauƙi. Wane ne dama - lokaci ne zai yi hukunci.