Stylistic Figures, kuma en a Rasha harshen: da amfani da dokoki, da tsarin fasali

Stylistic Figures - abubuwa na poetic harshe, baiwa, da tasirin da rubutu a kan mai karatu ya samar da wata musamman hasashe na poetic harshe. suka yi akan tsinkayar wani aikin na art mafi m da kuma haske. Stylistic Figures sani tun zamanin da, na farko lokacin da suka kasance sunã aka bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen da Aristotle ( "Poetics", "rhetoric").

Stylistic Figures na jawabin - makami mai karfi na ilimin harshe magana, amma obalodi na aikin ne m: a yanayin saukan wani wallafe-wallafen da rubutu zai bayyana ƙato da kuma m zuwa juya a cikin wani bushe kasida metaphors, misãlai, epithets. M dandano da gabar m kissa - shi ne babu kasa muhimmanci ga wani mafari (daraja) marubucin fiye da iyawa, da basira.

Harshe wajen magana za a iya raba biyu ginshikan. Na farko shi ne kumshin lokacinta, da inganta haske daga cikin maganganun (zahiri stylistic Figures - anaphora, grotesque, irony, epiphora, synecdoche, antithesis, gradation, oxymoron, da kuma waɗansu da yawa). Na biyu kungiyar kunshi en - kalma a yi amfani da kaikaitaccen darajar. su expressiveness, expressiveness da yake a cikin m reinterpretation na lexical ma'anar (ilimin harsuna) na wata kalma. Daga cikin tropes ne misãli metonymy litotes, hyperbola, kwatanta, kuma haka epithet. D.

Bari mu zauna a kan wasu daga cikin mafi yawan amfani da stylistic Figures, kuma tropes.

• Anaphora - a Greek - edinonachatie. Stylistic adadi, dangane da maimaitawa na farko accented kalmomi ko sassa na sentences.

• Rhetorical roko ko tambaya - ya ce, gina a cikin wani nau'i na tambaya, ko magani, kamar yadda mai mulkin, wani matattun abu. yawanci shi ba ya unsa mai mayar da martani, da ake amfani da su haskaka, jawo hankali ga sassa na rubutu.

Oh, ka wanda ya koro shayari,

Wanda a cikin litattafan sarari ba a samu,

Na ji kukan da mawãƙi Juvenal:

"Kunya, mafarki mai ban tsoro, sai ya juya gare ni!" (Robert Burns).

• Antithesis - artistically inganta da bambanci.

Na halaka tare da jiki a cikin turɓãya,

Damu da tsawa umurnin!

Ni sarki - Ni bawa.

Ni tsutsa - I bautãwa! (GRDerzhavin).

• Polysyndeton - wuce kima yin amfani da wance, da inganta expressiveness na furcin.

Babu giciye kuma cikin hurumi ba sa so su zabi ... (Brodsky).

• Inversion - wani m canji a cikin saba domin na kalmomi a cikin jumla.

Idan stylistic Figures, yafi amfani a shayari, shi za a iya yin amfani da wadãtar tropes, yin karin ma'ana da ma'ana litattafan rubutu. Manya daga cikin tropes daukan wani misãli, kusan duk wasu en suna da alaka da shi, ko su musamman irin bayyanuwar misãli. Saboda haka misãli - da canja wurin da sunayen daga abu na ƙin kan kwatankwacinsa na waje ko ciki fasali, da kamance samar da kwaikwayo ko ra'ayoyi game da tsarin da abu. A karkashi ne ko da yaushe misalin da yawa, masana ilimin harsuna ayyana shi a matsayin idan aka kwatanta da wani kamanta m tsallake. Amma duk da haka misãli ne mafi wuya kwatanta, shi ne mafi ƙãre, complete.

Akwai da wadannan main iri metaphors: da na kowa harshe (wuccin) da kuma m (na kowa amfani). The kowa da harshen misãli - tushen sabon lakabi a cikin harshen (kujera kafa, spout, rike bags). kwatanta da ra'ayin live ma'ana image muhimmi wannan metaphorical canja wuri, a hankali sharewa (wanda kuma ake kira da ilimin harsuna ya misãli sharewa), ma'ana zanen faxin rasa. Live m misãli, a daya hannun, ya zama cibiyar da wallafe-wallafen da rubutu:

Anna komowa shi da ball na coquetry ... (LN. Tolstoy).

Musamman lokuta ne metaphors epithet (ma'ana, ma'ana definition) da kuma rungumi (metaphorical canja halayyar "daga real zuwa matattun abu" type):

Ta'azantar shiru baƙin ciki m, kuma m farin ciki .... (AS. Pushkin).

Very ma'ana da kuma iko wajen daidaitawa da magana yana dauke hyperbole (ƙari art): da waɗansu kõguna na jini, da deafening kuka.

Stylistic Figures na magana da en - tushen alama tsarin da harshe. Fasaha na marubuci ba a akai amfani da haihuwa, gundura da dukkan siffofin da ilimin harsuna ya magana. A akasin wannan, da talented marubucin iya numfashi live abun ciki ko sanar wa dukan wallafe-wallafen na'urar don jawo hankalin mai karatu ta da hankali a cikin wannan hanya, na sanyin ji na adabi rubutu.