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Tsabar kudin Rasha kotu

Mints - ne kamfanonin Manufacturing type, wanda babban aiki ne a cikin minting na tsabar kudi, samar da umarni, lambar yabo da sauran rarrabe alamomin. Tarihi na sha'anin da ke shiga cikin m da, a cikin kwanaki na farko na tsarin dukiya. Yau mints ne high-tech irin kamfanonin da cewa samar da tsabar kudi a request daga jihar Bank. All masana'antun suna aiki a sosai tallace aiki.

Iri mints kuma a bit na tarihi

Mints iya zama jama'a, wanda gudanar da wani umarni na Central Bank. Akwai irin wannan zaman kansa kungiyoyi kwarewa a samar da lambar yabo, badges da lasisi faranti. Domin kowane irin sha'anin halayyar gaban su musamman hatimi da za a amfani da su duk da tsabar kudi. Na tsabar kudi jihar da kuma yankin da irin aka ƙaddara ta amfani da lamba. A farko ambaci wannan category na samar da ake kwanan rana zuwa 5th karni BC. A farko mints kasance a Athens. Daga 2nd karni BC samar aka koma daga Haikalin Theseus a haikalin Juno. Tuni bayan 115 shekaru daga haihuwar Kristi tsakar gida da na ke a cikin Roman Coliseum. Bayan bayyanar shuke-shuke a Roma, Lyon, Konstantinoful, suka shimfiɗa a Sicily da Aquileia a duniya.

A farko da makarai a Rasha: tarihi da zaton

Quite matsala su yi tunanin abin da ya faru a baya a Mint. Hotuna, alhãli kuwa ba a yi, almara an kiyaye. Akwai kawai guesswork. Akwai shaida da cewa ya nuna cewa, harkokin kasuwanci da aka canjawa wuri a cikin hannun masu zaman kansu mutanen, da ayyukan da suke a nan gaba don motsa jiki m dubawa. Mutane tsunduma a coinage, aka Ban daga haraji da kuma aikinsu. Suna da gata a game da ban a kan la'anta ga dukkan ayyukan wasu fiye da kisan kai, fashi da makami da kuma zamba. Tarihi ya nuna cewa farkon mints a kan ƙasa na zamani Rasha a baya ya yi aiki a cikin Greek biranen lokacin da Theodosius da Gorgippia, yau da aka sani da Anapa. Traces of irin productions da aka gani a Derbent da Tmutarakani.

A farko yadi a Moscow: ka'idar da zato

Shirya coinage a Moscow, bisa ga na farko kimomi, da kuma bincike ya fara a zamanin mulkin Ivana Donskogo (1362-1389 gg.). Babu bayanai a kan wannan kotu, kuma ta wuri ba ya wanzu a tarihi bayanin kula, da cewa ya gaban da aka kafa kawai dangane da bincike na tsabar kudi na lokaci. Da farko Moscow kudi da aka yi wa ado da Rasha da kuma Larabci Kwalayen su, aka rubuta da yawa technologically sanya hatimi connection.

Ya ambaci na tarihi

Tsabar kudin Rasha kotu, kasancewar abin da aka hukuma da ke rubuce, kafa a 14-15 ƙarni. A wancan lokaci, kasar karkashin jagorancin John III. Coinage aka za'ayi ba kawai a Moscow amma kuma a cikin birane kamar Pskov, Novgorod da Tver. Tsakanin 16 zuwa 17 da haihuwa coinage da aka neme münzmeister. Wannan aiki ya tartsatsi a Turai. Akwai kuma rahoton cewa a cikin 15th karni a Moscow gudana ba kawai mallakar gwamnati Enterprises, amma kuma da monetary nazarinsa na mutum sarakuna irin Kalita. A farko rubuta "The Sarkin sarakuna" yadi zo bayan daya daga cikin na farko monetary garambawul Elena Glinsky a lokacin daga shekara ta 1535 zuwa 1538. Kamfanin da aka located in Varvarka titi. Wannan taron alama farkon daidaituwa na Rasha monetary tsarin. Mints Rasha domin mutane da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce samar uniform a cikin nauyi da kuma bayyanar da tsabar kudi, wanda aka bukata don samun kasarta na Rasha jihar. Embossing aka za'ayi da hannu, da kuma aiki a matsayin abu don samar da azurfa waya. Da waya ne da farko a yanka daidai-sized guda, sa'an nan matse su. Sa'an nan fara wani manual ejection na hotunan da inscriptions a kan m workpieces.

Karkashin shugabancin tsakiya tsabar kudi management

A 1595, hukumar da aka kafa a karkashin sunan Kudi umarni. Kungiyar daukawa fitar da iko a kan coinage a madadin jiha. Wannan mataki ya kafuwar duk kudi tattalin arzikin karkashin shugabancin tsakiya. All mints, wanda a wancan lokaci ya yi aiki a kasar, ya karbi aikin hukuma nadi, wanda suka yi wa alama da kayayyakin.

  • Moscow Kotun - "M" ko "MO".
  • Novgorod yadi - "B. AMMA ".
  • Pskov yadi - "SS."

Tsabar-sarrafa Enterprises daga Rasha 15-20 ƙarni

Amsar wannan tambaya na yadda za a ayyana Mint, ya fi sauƙi ga ba bayan kowane sha'anin samu da kansa kambi markings. Ambaci iya sanya wadannan samar, wanda da gudummawar da minting na tsabar kudi:

  • Red yadi, ko Sin. An located kusa da Kitai-Gorod bango. A obverse kuma baya daga cikin tsabar kudi zama wata alama ce "CD", "SSC", "MM". Production aiki a cikin lokaci daga 1697 zuwa 1979. Yard samar da zinariya, da azurfa, da tagulla, tsabar kudi tare da wani daban-daban na kasa irin rating. Mun yi da kuma musamman tsabar kudi. Mint tsabar kudi-saki ga Baltic larduna da kuma Prussia.
  • Kadashevsky yadi a Kadashevskaya Sloboda. Haka kuma an kira Hamovnym, Zamoskvoretsky, Navy da kuma Admiralty. A obverse kuma baya daga cikin halshen "MM" ãyõyinMu, kuma "MD", "MDZ" da "DMD", "M" da "Moscow", "Mint Mint." Production aiki a cikin lokaci daga 1701 zuwa 1736. Aka gudanar da batun na zinariya, tagulla da kuma azurfa da tsabar kudi na daban-daban ƙungiyõyi. Copper tsabar kudi da aka bayar a cikin na musamman samar da sashen tun 1704.
  • Kwata jan tsakar gida a cikin Kremlin. A tsabar kudi da aka minted da ãyõyi a matsayin "ND" da "NDZ", "NDM". Ya yi aiki daga 1699 zuwa 1727, bayar da tsabar kudi na duk ƙungiyõyi.
  • St. Petersburg, ko na mallaka, Mint da aka kafa a kan ƙasa na da sansanin soja a 1724. Markings a kan tsabar kudi - wani "St. Petersburg" da "JMP", "SP" da "CM". Na yi aiki, har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda a saki da kudi da tsarist gwamnati da aka katse. Ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin tagulla tsabar kudi minted.
  • Ekaterinburg tsakar gida bayar tsabar kudi tare da "EM" tsarin rubutu da kuma "Yekaterinburg". Ya yi aiki a lokaci daga 1727 zuwa 1876. Batun na tsabar kudi suna goyon bayan masana'antu da'irori domin sauran mints.

Yana da daraja a ambaci irin kamfanonin kamar yadda na mallaka Mint da kuma Anninsky ( "AM"), Kolyvan ( "KM" da "Kolyvan jan") da kuma Suzunsky ( "CM") Sestrovetsky ( "CM") da kuma Kolpinsky ( "KM"), Tauride ( "TM") da kuma Tiflissky, Warsaw ( "VM», «MW») da kuma Helsingfors.

Production cewa ba su yi amfani da badges

Mint alama ba ka damar sanin lõkacin da kuma inda wani takamaiman denomination tsabar kudin da aka bayar. Duk da haka, a cikin tarihin na Rasha kotuna sun tartsatsi, wanda bai yi amfani da nasu insignia ya niƙe a kan monetary raka'a kan illolin sauran masana'antu. Wannan banki yadi da kuma shuka Rosenkranz, da Paris kotu da kuma Strasbourg, Birmingham da kuma Izhora, da Brussels kotu da kuma Avestsky. Haka kuma, wasu mints, kamar Red ko St. Petersburg, iya amfani da su a aikin insignia Kadashevsky da kuma yawo Copper Kotun, wasu irin kungiyoyin, wanda muhimmanci wuya aikin masana tarihi.

Coinage a RSFSR da kuma Tarayyar Soviet

A RSFSR sanin abin da Mint samar da kudi taimaki tsarin rubutu:

  • "AG" - da baqaqen na Hartmann, wanda shi ne a wancan lokaci shugaban na monetary redistribution har 1923.
  • "PL" - da baqaqen Latysheva, sarki tun 1924.
  • "TR" - da baqaqen na Thomas Ross, shugaba monetary redistribution na London kotu.

Mint lamba a lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet ya kasu kashi biyu:

  • "LMD" ko "L" - Leningrad Mint.
  • "MMD" ko "M" - Moscow Mint.

Wannan alama ya yi, kuma ya aikata wani irin alama ce na ga wani musamman tsabar kudin samar. Alama ce mai yiwuwa suna da hanyar haruffa, ko za a iya gabatar a matsayin monogram format juna ko alama.

zamani Rasha

A zamani Rasha, da tsabar kudi za a iya samu cikin wadannan tsarin rubutu: "MMD" da "SPMD" - wanda magana game da su saki ko a Moscow ko a St. Petersburg Mint. Tun shekarar 1991, a kan kudi da aka dauka don sa ãyõyi kamar "M", "L", "SSC" da "LMD". Tun da lokaci na 1997 - shi ne "M", "C-P" da "SSC", "SPMD". A karshe biyu haruffa a kan kudi ajiye a cikin wani nau'i na monogram. Coins Rasha, tun 1997 ado da kalmomi "M", "C-P", "SSC" da "SPMD" monogram a format. A cikin kananan tsabar kudi tare da ƙungiyõyi na 1, 5, 10, da 50 aninai da wata ãyã za a iya gani a gefen dama a karkashin kofato. ÃyõyinSa "M" da "P-P" a kan tsabar kudi tare da ƙungiyõyi na 1, 2, kuma 5 rubles located a karkashin dama dungu mikiya. Monogram "SPMD" za a iya gani a kan commemorative banknotes a ƙungiyõyi na 10 Rasha rubles. An located a kan obverse, kawai a karkashin "10 rubles" rubutu.

Ta yaya ne batun na tsabar kudi a 2015

Central Bank of Rasha, tun shekarar 1992, a kowace shekara shi al'amurran da suka shafi commemorative tsabar kudi a matsayin masu daraja da kuma wadanda ba m format. Haka kuma, tsare za'ayi da batun zuba jari tsabar kudi, wanda aka cikakken minted daga daraja karafa. A wannan yanayin, kamar yadda a baya, a kan kowane daga cikinsu kai a Mint. Minting tsari ne da za'ayi a cikin tsarin na babban watsi da shirya ayyukan a lokacin baya shekara. Tsabar kudin shirin amince da jagorancin Babban Bankin sa'an nan sanya a kan hukuma shafin na karshen. Kowane tara tsabar kudin bayar da ko dai Moscow ko a St. Petersburg Mint. Wannan simplifies da search for da amsa ga tambayar da yadda za a ayyana Mint. Coins ake yi wa ado da musamman haruffa, wanda yanzu kawai 4. The Central Bank of kasar yana da wani hakki a raba Collectible tsabar kudi tsakanin daidaiku. Babban mai rabawa ne Sberbank. Coins asali sayo ta farko da kalaman na speculators wanda daga baya sayar da su a wani inflated farashin.

Gwamnati na shirin for 2015

A daidai da shirin watsi a 2015 za a gudanar da bi iri biyu zuba jari kudin. The daraja commemorative tsabar kudin 73 da kuma 12 commemorative tsabar kudin da tushe karfe da za a samar a ko'ina cikin shekara. A nan gaba, ya kamata ci gaba da samar da jerin, fara a baya: "City na Soja Tsarki ya tabbata" da "fice Mutane na Rasha". A mafi tsada tsabar kudin a cikin tarihin kasar Dates baya ga 1999, kuma yana da wani maras muhimmanci darajar 5 aninai. A daidai darajar ne ba a sani ba, amma shi yanzu ya wuce Naira Miliyan Xari da dubu 100 rubles a bude auctions. Wadannan iri tsabar kudi musamman mai daraja ta numismatists.

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