Roka da Space Khrunichev shuka

A kamfanin, mafi kyau da aka sani da harsashi Shuka. Khrunichev (ko da yake a cikin tarihi, shi ya na da yawa daban-daban sunayen), - da labari na Rasha kimiyya da masana'antu. Wannan kamfanin domin kusan shekaru 100. A kayayyakin kerarre da shuka, a full za a iya daukan wani al'amari na kasa girman kai a Rasha. Wannan almara roka m "proton", alamar "Angara". Shuka zayyanawa daya daga cikin alamar rahama a cikin duniya sarari masana'antu ci gaba - totur "Baikal". Company rassa a samar da dama sauran dacewa masana'antu Aerospace Rasha kayayyakin.

kayayyakin

Daya daga cikin flagships na Rasha tsaro masana'antu - roka da Space Shuka. Khrunichev. Its hukuma sunan, ba shakka, sauti daban-daban. Wato - Tarayya Jihar Unitary ciniki "Jihar Research and Production Space Center of MV Khrunichev. " Just latsa kuma 'yan ƙasa don sadarwa tare da juna a kan short sunan makale - don haka wannan alama da aka sani ga.

Khrunichev factory a gaskiya - 'yan Enterprises located in sassa daban daban na Rasha. Suka samar da yawa iri roka da kuma sarari da fasaha. Mafi shahara samfurin samfurori - roka "proton", "Kosmos-3m", "Rokot" da "Angara". Daga cikin alamar aukuwa - reusable kara amfani "Baikal" makamai masu linzami.

labarin

Khrunichev shuka aka asali kaddamar a matsayin automaker kira "Russo-Balt-2." Shekara harsashinsa - 1917 th. Duk da haka, tun da tsakiyar 1920s shi ya fara a iya samar jirage generated da ayyukan da jirgin sama kirar Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsk, Petlyakova. A 1950 da factory samar da harin "Bison", tsara Myasishev. A shekarar 1961, da shuka samu kusan zamani sunan - "Machine Ginin Shuka mai suna bayan MI Khrunichev "- da kuma fara kware a samar da roka da kuma sarari da fasaha. A da shi 'yan ƙarnõni na makamai masu linzami, "Salyut" tashar da aka saki da kuma "Aminci". A shekara ta 1993, da Khrunichev shuka samu ta ba da sunan. Its tsarin kuma hada da ofishin "Ku gai". A shekara ta 2007, ta na yanzu shari'ance an sanya wa shuka - tarayya jihar unitary sha'anin. Akwai alaƙa Tsarin kamar, misali, kamfanin "Length" (Moscow). Shuka. Khrunichev kuma hadawa ofishin mai suna. Isayev, Voronezh Mechanical Shuka, da kuma a 2008 ya koma Perm sha'anin na "proton-PM", a shekarar 2012 - Ust-Katav Shuka. SM Kirov.

"Proton" roka

Daya daga cikin mafi recognizable samfurori da kayayyakin kera da Center for su kamfanoni. Khrunichev (shuka, reviews wadda mutãnenta sun zama daya daga cikin tushe na jama'a ji na da ikon da Soviet tsaro masana'antu - wanda aka located in Moscow) - roka "proton". Ta bayyana a cikin shakka daga aukuwa a kan halittar wani intercontinental ballistic harsashi UR-500. A cikin shakka daga zamani na ICBMs bayyana m "proton-K", wanda ya zama, a cikin ra'ayi na kwararru da yawa, mafi nasara model na Soviet makami mai linzami a cikin kashi.

Commercialized da yin amfani da "proton-K" da aka tsĩrar a 1996 (Turai Astra 1F da tauraron dan adam da aka kaddamar a cikin sarari guda). Daga bisani, da dama dozin gabatar da daga zaman kansa abokan ciniki da aka za'ayi. Rasha injiniyoyi sun kuma ci gaba da version of "proton", saba fitarwa da kaya a kan geostationary falaki. Wa modified da roka, da ake kira da "proton-M" ne da aka fi amfani dasu a jerin.

"Angara" roka

A ci gaba da jefa abin hawa "Angara", a cewar masana, da dama - daya daga cikin muhimman wuraren da Rasha sarari masana'antu. Yana dukan iyali na da makamai masu linzami (watau wadanda cewa ya kasance a cikin "sauki" aji, kazalika da mãsu "m" dako).

Ana sa ran cewa wasu samfurori iya tada madawwama biyu zuwa 35 ton na kaya. Babban ci gaban da Rasha gasa - Falcon roka (a cikin "m" versions) na American kamfanin SpaceX. An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, a nan akwai wani adawa tsakanin jihar kamfani da rabin karni na tarihi da kuma wani sosai matasa masu zaman kansu kamfanin, Ya halitta daga karce. A ci gaba da "Angara" kayayyaki a lokaci guda da aka hannu ba kawai Moscow - Shuka. Khrunichev samu abokan a Koriya ta Kudu. Musamman domin yin amfani da roka "Angara" halitta totur "Baikal", tsara don mahara runs.

Totur "Baikal"

Works "Baikal" ne mai sauki isa, kuma a lokaci guda yi muhimman ayyuka. Tare da taimakon da kara amfani da roka mataki yakan zuwa tsawo na game da 70 km. Sa'an nan da engine aka juya "zubarwa", bayan da makami mai linzami a cikin falaki. "Baikal" A halin yanzu cire daga cikin abin hawa da kuma koma ga Duniya kamar wani jirgin sama. Bayan da dubawa da kuma yin wani zama dole canje-canje za a iya sake amfani da: a ayyukan da cewa Khrunichev shuka ne jama'a, inda ya bayyana cewa "Baikal" shi ne a cikin iska sau 25 (amma a cikin shakka daga inganta wannan adadi da gaske kawo cikin hadaddun har zuwa 200).

Babban abokin tarayya na shuka. Khrunichev a kan aikin na "Baikal" - NPO "Molniya". An zaci cewa totur za a fara nauyin game 130,4 ton da kuma a tsawon 27 m da diamita (tsakiya) na 2.9 m key bangaren "lake" -. M makami mai linzami Module (URM) sanye take da wutsiya, reshe, powerplant , shasi da sauran tsarin.

injuna

'Yar cibiyar tsarin su. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Mechanical Shuka" - tattara da yawa iri injuna domin Aerospace masana'antu. Tarihi, na farko raka'a sun M-11 saka a kan jirage PO-2. A cikin shekaru bayan yakin duniya na II a shuka fara nuna injuna Ash-62IR, M14V26 da sauran samfurori na aggregates for daban-daban na jirgin sama. Tun da marigayi '50s a Voronezh fara nuna sarari-roka injuna: RD-0109, RD-0210, RD-0114 (aka tsayar da su ga "proton") da sauran high-tech raka'a.

Yanzu da ma'aikata na aiki a kan kafa samar da RD-191 roka "Angara". A lokacin, tsakanin Rasha da kamfanonin kawai VSW yana da m ga saki na fistan jirgin sama injuna. Raka'a bayar a Voronezh, sanya a kan horo da kuma wasanni jirage, da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu domin dalilai daban-daban.