Watsi da gur ~

Industrial da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki da aka raka, a matsayin mai mulkin, da kara gurbacewar muhalli. Mai manyan birane ne halin da wani gagarumin taro na masana'antu da wuraren a kan wani gwada da kananan ƙasa, wanda shi ne hadarin gaske ga lafiyar dan adam.

Daya daga cikin muhalli dalilai wanda da mafi pronounced sakamako a kan mutum kiwon lafiya ne ingancin iska. A musamman hadari a halin yanzu wakilci watsi da pollutants. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa toxicants shiga jikin mutum, yafi ta hanyar da numfashi fili.

Air watsi: kafofin

Rarrabe tsakanin halitta da kuma anthropogenic kafofin daga gur ~ shigar iska. Babban impurities dake dauke da watsi daga halitta kafofin ne matsanancin turɓãya, volcanic da kuma kayan lambu asalin, gas da kuma hayaki sakamakon daga gandun daji da kuma steppe gobara, tarkace da kuma weathering na kankara da kuma kasa da sauransu.

iska gurbatawa matakan daga halitta kafofin ne bango hali. Su ne kananan isa canji tare da lokaci. Babban kafofin na kudaden shiga a cikin iska gur ~ a ba mataki ne mutum da aka yi - wato masana'antu (daban-daban da masana'antu), aikin noma da kuma sufuri.

Watsi daga sararin sama

The most "kaya" na daban-daban pollutants cikin iska ne metallurgical da makamashi kamfanonin, sinadaran masana'antu, gina masana'antu, inji aikin injiniya.

A kan aiwatar da man fetur konewa makamashi gidaje na daban-daban irin da yanayi, da babban adadin sulfur dioxide, carbon da nitrogen oxides, carbon baki. Har ila yau, watsi (a cikin karami yawa) gabatar da wani yawan sauran abubuwa, musamman hydrocarbons.

Babban kafofin na gaseous da particulate watsi a metallurgical samar -. Narkewa makera simintin kafuwa, pickling rabuwa sinter inji drobilnorazmolnoe kayan aiki, loading da Ana saukewa kayan, da dai sauransu. A mafi girma rabo daga cikin jimlar yawa na abubuwa saki cikin yanayi tare da carbon monoxide, ƙura, anhydride sulfur, nitric oxide. A wani da ɗan karami yawa fitad da manganese, arsenic, gubar, phosphorus, Mercury tururi da sauransu. Har ila yau, a kan aiwatar da steelmaking watsi dauki tururi-gas cakuda. Sun ƙunshi phenol, benzene, formaldehyde, ammonia kuma da dama wasu abubuwa masu haɗari.

Cutarwa watsi daga sinadaran masana'antu Enterprises, duk da kananan kundin, su ne musamman kawo hadari ga muhalli, da kuma mutum, kamar yadda halin high yawan guba, taro da kuma babba bambancin. Mai shigowa iska a cakuda dangane da irin samfurin iya hada sulfur oxides, maras tabbas gudanar da mahadi, sunadarin flourine mahadi, nitrous gas, daskararru, magni mahadi, hydrogen sulfide da sauransu.

A samar da kayan gini da kuma ciminti watsi dauke da gagarumin yawa na daban-daban ƙura. Ainihin fasaha matakai manyan zuwa su samuwar, ana nika, obrabatyvaniya Mix kayan, tsaka-tsakin da kayayyakin a cikin kwarara daga zafi gas da sauransu. Around shuke-shuke samar da daban-daban gini kayan za a iya kafa zone samu radius har zuwa 2000 m. Suna halin wani babban taro na ƙura a cikin iska, hada da barbashi na gypsum, sumunti, ma'adini, kazalika da sauran pollutants.

watsi daga Motoci

A manyan birane, wata babbar adadin gur ~ a da yanayi zo daga motocin. A cewar daban-daban kimomi, suka asusu na 80 zuwa 95%. A shaye gas kunshi wani babban yawan guba mahadi kamar nitrogen da carbon oxides, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, da sauransu. (About 200 mahadi).

A mafi girma watsi an lura a yankunan da zirga-zirga da sigina da intersections wuri inda motocin da ke motsi a low gudu da kuma idling. Lissafi na watsi cikin yanayi ya nuna cewa babban aka gyara daga shaye a cikin wannan yanayin ne carbon monoxide da hydrocarbons.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa, da bambanci ga tsit kafofin, aiki motocin taimaka wa iska a birane tituna don kai tsawo. A sakamakon cutarwa sakamakon gur ~ ne batun Tafiya da Kafa, mazauna gidaje located a hanya, da kuma shuka 'yan qasar ciyayi da kewaye.

noma

A watsi da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin yanayi a yankunan karkara ne, yafi da sakamakon ayyuka da dabbobi gonaki da kuma wuraren kiwon kaji gonaki. Inganta wanda dauke da kaji da dabbõbi, da iska ciyar da hydrogen sulfide, ammonia da kuma wasu sauran gas wanda propagate kan gagarumin nisa. Har ila yau, m toxicants a cikin iska a sakamakon amfanin gona gonaki a lokacin da spraying da magungunan kashe qwari da kuma takin a kan filayen, bi da tsaba a warehouses, da dai sauransu

sauran kafofin

Bayan sama kafofin, yanayi watsi da gur ~ samar da man fetur da kuma iskar gas aiki shuke-shuke. Wannan ma ya auku a sakamakon Mining ma'adinai albarkatun kasa da kuma aiki, a kan ejection na gas, da ƙura daga karkashin kasa mahakar, kona kankara a tsibi tsibin, a lokacin aiki na incinerators , da sauransu. D.

Tasiri a kan mutum

A cewar daban-daban kafofin, akwai wani kai tsaye mahada tsakanin iska gurbatawa da wani yawan cututtuka. Alal misali, tsawon lokaci da ya kwarara daga numfashi cututtuka a yara, waɗanda suke zaune a gwada najasa yankunan, da 2-2.5 sau fiye da wadanda cewa rayuwa a wasu yankunan.

Bugu da kari, a cikin birane, halin da m muhalli yanayi, a cikin yara alama aikin munanan a cikin rigakafi da kuma tsarin jini samuwar, warwarewarsu compensatory-Na'urar hanyoyin muhalli da yanayi. Da yawa karatu kuma sami wata mahada tsakanin iska gurbatawa da mace-mace na mutane.

Babban aka gyara daga watsi shigar iska daga daban-daban kafofin an dakatar da al'amarin, oxides da nitrogen, carbon da sulfur. Kuma aka yi wahayi da cewa sashi na exceedance na NO ₂ da kuma CO, ya rufe 90% na birane. Wadannan watsi Macro aka gyara na iya haifar da tsanani da rashin lafiya. Jari na wadannan contaminants sakamakon a lalacewar mucous membranes da kuma na sama na numfashi fili, ci gaban da cutar huhu. Bugu da ƙari, dagagge yawa na SO ₂ zai iya sa degenerative canje-canje a cikin koda, hanta da zuciya, da kuma NO ₂ -. Toxicosis, nakasar anomalies, zuciya rashin cin nasara, jijiya cuta, da dai sauransu Wasu nazarin Mun saukar da aminci tsakanin faru na huhu da kuma ciwon daji yawa na SO ₂ da kuma NO ₂ a cikin iska.

binciken

gurbatawa da yanayi da kuma, musamman, da yanayi, yana da illa a kan kiwon lafiya ne ba kawai ba amma kuma nan gaba. Saboda haka, za mu iya amince ce cewa ci gaban da matakan da nufin a rage watsi da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin yanayi - daya daga cikin mafi latsa al'amurran da suka shafi yau bil'adama.