Ƙarƙashin damar samar da masu amfani da masu sarrafawa

Kowane mutumin da aikinsa ya shafi aikin injiniya ya kamata ya fahimci abin da kalmar "damar shigarwa" na nufin. A lokacin da installing shi damar da mafi m hanyar karba da samar da lantarki, kazalika da su yadda ya kamata yi da ake bukata daidai da lissafin.

A definition ba ta Soviet ƙamus Energy 1984, da shigar damar wani iko shuka aka fahimci matsayin mafi girma a aiki bangaren duk da karfin, da barin dukan shuka na dogon lokaci na aiki a al'ada mode ba tare da obalodi, bisa ga fasfo bayanai. Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, yana da wuya a magana game da ma'anar bayyana. A gaskiya ma, komai abu ne mai sauki.

Bari muyi tunanin halin da mutane ke sabawa lokacin da ya zama dole ya maye gurbin kayan lantarki na gida. Zai zama alama cewa babu matsaloli. Amma wannan ba haka bane. Daya daga cikin mahimman bayanai shine zaɓi na ɓangaren mai gudanarwa. Anyi aiki ne bisa ga halatta a yanzu ko, wanda yake da gaskiya (duk da haka akwai wasu takardun izini), ta hanyar darajar wutar lantarki. Alal misali, a cikin daki akwai wata fitila, wanda yake da lantarki da lantarki. Halin da aka shigar shi ne jimlar duk kayan aiki na kowanne na'ura na lantarki, watau 100 W + 1200 kW + 2000 kW = 3300 kW. Duk wani nau'i mai nauyin aiki, idan akwai, dole ne a lissafta shi (daban-daban a cikin kilogolt-amperes). Motacciyar lantarki da fitilun fitilu sune mafi yawan masu amfani da su. Don haka, mahimman farko shine cewa ikon shigarwa ba a cinye shi ba, saboda ba dole ba ne a sauya kayan lantarki a lokaci guda.

A cikin hali na samar da ikon da tsarin da aka dauka la'akari da Naira Miliyan Xari da dukkan bangarorinsa sa iya aiki (na yanzu source). Misali shi ne cibiyar sadarwa na maye gurbin aikin. Mahimmanci yin amfani rate iya aiki. Yana wakiltar rabo daga makamashin lantarki wanda aka samar a lokacin lokacin lissafin lokaci don daidaitaccen darajarta. Alal misali, na wata ɗaya, 10 MW na makamashi ya samo ta daga masu samar da wutar lantarki, yayin da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki ya kai 100 MW. A bayyane yake cewa ana amfani da ƙwarewar amfani da lalacewa da rago. A kaikaice, wannan yana nufin farashin "ba dole ba" don saye da kiyaye kayayyakin kayan lantarki. A lokaci guda kuma, ana bukatar wannan mahimmanci a lissafi don la'akari da lokacin da ake bukata: gyaran gyare-gyare na yau da kullum (tare da haɗi), cajin man fetur (domin shuke-shuke na wutar lantarki da tsire-tsire na CHP), da dai sauransu.

A cikin misali na sama, ana buƙatar kayan aiki na lantarki tare da na'urar lantarki. A gaskiya ma, wannan darajar daidai ne, ƙyale cikin lissafi don la'akari da gaskiyar cewa kusan dukkanin masu amfani da wutar lantarki ba'a amfani dashi a lokaci ɗaya. Don na'urar guda ɗaya, dole ne a kara ƙarfinsa ta hanyar factor, wanda zai ba da ainihin darajar. An zaɓi mahaɗin bisa ga Tables, dangane da halaye na masu amfani. Yin amfani da irin wannan bayani yana ba da muhimmanci (wani lokaci fiye da sau biyu) don rage yawan kayan aiki da kayayyakin da suka danganci, sauƙaƙe goyon bayan m.

Alal misali, a cikin hali na kirga da lighting cibiyar sadarwa da aka zaci su zama aiki:

- 1.0 don lambobin gaggawa (abin da yake fahimta - amfani da wutar lantarki yana da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma aikin yana cikin gajeren lokaci).

- 0.6 - gine-gine-gine-gine. A matsayinka na mai mulki, haɗin haske kawai ya zama dole lokacin amfani da gine-gine.

- 0.8 - gidan gida a wuraren samarwa. Ana yin gyare-gyaren mahimmanci ta ƙayyadadden bayanai (wani lokacin hasken yana ƙone kewaye da agogo), amma a matsakaicin lissafi da 0.8 daidai yake.

- 0.95 - gine-gine masu girma. Wasu lokuta har a ranar rana akwai bukatar lantarki, da dai sauransu.