Matsayi na tsarin tsarin tsarin kwayoyin sunadarai: tsarin na biyu na gina jiki

Dalili akan tsarin sunadarai da sunadarai wata sarkar polypeptide, kuma kwayoyin sunadaran sun hada da daya, biyu ko fiye da sarƙoƙi. Duk da haka, yanayin jiki, kwayoyin halitta da sunadarai na biopolymers an ƙayyade ba kawai ta hanyar tsarin sinadarai ba, wanda zai iya zama "ma'ana", har ma ta wurin kasancewar sauran matakan kungiya na kwayoyin sunadarai.

A primary tsarin sifar sunadaran ne m da ingantaccen da kuma gwada yawa amino acid abun da ke ciki. Paptide shaidu ne tushen tushen tsarin. A karo na farko wannan bayani ya bayyana a cikin 1888 by A. Ya Danilevsky, sannan daga bisani ya tabbatar da zatonsa ta kira peptide, wadda E. Fisher ya yi. An tsara cikakken tsarin kwayoyin sunadarai daga A. Ya Danilevsky da E. Fisher. Bisa ga wannan ka'idar, kwayoyin sunadarai sun hada da yawan adadin amino acids, waɗanda aka haɗa ta shafukan peptide. Tsarin sunadarai na iya samun ɗaya ko fiye da sassan polypeptide.

A cikin nazarin tsarin farko na sunadarai, sunadaran sunadarai da enzymes proteolytic. Saboda haka, ta amfani da hanyar Edman yana da matukar dacewa don gano amino acid din.

Tsarin na biyu na gina jiki ya nuna zanen yanayi na kwayoyin sunadaran. Akwai nau'o'i na biyu na biyu: alpha-helical, beta-helicopter, collagen helix. Masana kimiyya sun ƙaddara cewa alpha-helix ya fi dacewa da tsarin peptides.

A sakandare tsarin da furotin da ake stabilized ta wajen na hydrogen shaidu. A karshen bayyana tsakanin hydrogen atoms bonded zuwa wani electronegative nitrogen zarra na daya peptide bond, kuma a carbonyl oxygen zarra na hudu daya daga cikin amino acid, kuma suna umarni tare da karkace. Lissafi na makamashi ya nuna cewa a cikin polymerization daga cikin wadannan amino acid, hagu alpha helix, wadda take a cikin sunadarin sunadaran, ya fi tasiri.

Tsari na biyu na gina jiki: tsarin beta-ninka

Kayan sassan polypeptide a cikin beta sune gaba ɗaya. Beta galibi an kafa ta hanyar hulɗar shaidu biyu na peptide. Wannan tsari ne halayyar fibrous sunadaran (keratin, fibroin, da dai sauransu). Musamman ma, beta-keratin yana nuna nauyin tsari na polypeptide, wanda aka ƙaddara shi ne ta hanyar shaidu ta tsakiya. A siliki fibroin, sassan polypeptide kusa da su sune maƙala.

Tsarin na biyu na gina jiki: collagen karkace

Gubarwar ta ƙunshi nau'in sarƙaƙi uku na tropocollagen, wanda yana da siffar sanda. Sannin sarkar suna juyawa kuma suna samar da babban ɗakunan ajiya. Helix ya samo asali daga haɗin gwanin hydrogen wanda ya haifar tsakanin hydrogen na amino acid peptide na amino acids daga sarkar daya da oxygen na carbonyl kungiyar na sauran amino acid na sauran sarkar. Tsarin da aka gabatar ya ba da karfi da haɓakar collagen.

Tsarin doka na gina jiki

Yawancin sunadarin sunadarai a cikin ƙasa na asali suna da tsari mai mahimmanci, wanda aka tsara ta da siffar, girman da kuma polarity na radical amino acid, da kuma jerin amino acid.

Hanyoyi masu amfani da hydrophobic da ionogenic, shararru na hydrogen, da dai sauransu, suna da tasiri mai girma a kan samuwar asalin siffar furotin ko tsarin tsarinsa. A ƙarƙashin aikin wadannan dakarun, an samo asali na kwayoyin sunadarai da kuma karfafawa.

Tsarin yanayi

Irin wannan tsari na kwayoyin ya samo asali daga ƙungiyar da dama a cikin kwayoyin halitta guda daya. Tsarin kowane ɗayan ƙarƙashin ya hada da mahimmanci, sakandare da kuma matsanancin tsari.