Betelgeuse: fashewar supernova

Kodayake kimanin shekara ɗari a cikin galaxy ne kawai supernova ya bayyana, a cikin sararin samaniya akwai kimanin biliyan 100. Fiye da shekaru biliyan 10 (kasancewa daidai, don biliyan 13.7, amma ba a kafa taurari ba a farkon shekaru miliyan dari), in ji Dokta Richard Musotsky daga NASA na Goddard Space Flight Center, akwai biliyan daya a duniya Supernovae a kowace shekara, ko 30 na biyu! Iya fashewa da wani supernova na Betelgeuse, a ja giant Milky Way, ya zama na gaba?

Idan wannan ya faru ...

Rashin fashewar tauraruwar mai suna Betelgeuse, daya daga cikin haske a cikin sama, zai daidaita shi da wata, kuma zai kasance a cikin shekara. M, mai bayyane a cikin hunturu hunturu a kan mafi yawan duniya a matsayin mai haske mai haske dot, zai iya zama supernova a kowane lokaci domin na gaba 100,000 shekaru.

Yawancin masanan astronomers sun yi imani da cewa a yau wani abu da ya sa ba mu iya gano wani rayuwa mai kyau a duniya ba shine tashe-tashen hankulan ƙwayar da ke cikin gida wanda ya hallaka dukan rayuwa a wani yanki na galaxy.

Hannun Al-Jauza

Red giant Betelgeuse, da zarar haka manyan cewa shi zai iya isa cikin falaki na Jupiter, idan ta kasance a cikin hasken rana tsarin, an rage by rabi, ko da yake shi ne kamar yadda haske kamar kullum a cikin past shekaru goma.

Betelgeuse, sunansa zo daga Larabci, a fili gani a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Orion. Taurarin ya ba da sunan da sunan Michael Keaton a cikin fim din Beetlejuice kuma ya kasance tsarin tsarin shugaban kasar Zaphod Bibblebrock cikin jerin litattafan "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy."

An yi la'akari da ƙananan Kattai suna da gajeren lokaci, hadari da kuma rikice-rikice. Rayuwa a mafi yawan miliyoyin shekaru, suna gaggauta yin amfani da makamashin hydrogen, sannan su canza zuwa helium, carbon da sauran abubuwa, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci suna yin shuruwa da kuma haskakawa.

Betelgeuse: fashewar supernova

An yi zaton wannan tauraron ya zo ƙarshen wanzuwarsa kuma zai iya fuskantar daya daga cikin rushewa wanda ke tare da maye gurbin daya daga cikin makamashi na thermonuclear.

Dalilin matsalolin Betelgeuse ba a sani ba. Idan muna la'akari da duk abin da muka sani game da tauraron dan adam da kuma sararin samaniya, har yanzu akwai sauran abubuwan da za mu koya game da taurari. Har ila yau, ba a san abin da ya faru ba lokacin da masu karbar gwiwar suna gab da ƙarshen rayuwarsu.

Idan fashewa da ya tashi daga star Betelgeuse ya faru kuma ya zama abin mamaki, wannan zai ba da damar dillalai na duniya su kiyaye shi da kuma ilimin lissafi da ke sarrafa wannan tsari. Matsalar ita ce ba a san lokacin da wannan zai faru ba. Kodayake akwai jita-jita, cewa, a 2012, wani mai fashewa ya tashi, lokacin da tauraron ya fashe, a gaskiya ma ba a sani ba. Wannan bai faru ba, tun da yiwuwar irin wannan taron ya kasance kadan. Mai iya yin aiki na gida zai iya fashewa gobe daren ko ya kai zuwa 100,000 a shekara.

Far Far

Don yin mummunan lalacewa ga duniya, dole ne supernova yayi fushi a cikin radius na ba fiye da shekaru 100 ba. Shin wannan yanayin ya gamsar da Betelgeuse? Rashin fashewa ba zai haifar da mummunan tasirin duniya ba, tun da tauraron ya kamata ya fi kusa da shi yanzu. Nisa zuwa "Ruki al-Dzhauzy" kusan kimanin shekaru 600 ne.

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin taurari masu ban mamaki. Yawanci ne girman Sun, kuma shekarunsa shekaru 10 ne. Ƙarƙashin tauraron, wanda ya fi guntu tsawon rayuwarsa. Dalilin da ya sa astronomers sun kula da Betelgeuse. Rashin fashewa na jan gubar zai faru a cikin gajeren lokaci.

Super Supernova SN2007bi

A karshen shekara ta 2009, masu binciken astronomers sun ga babbar fashewa da aka rubuta. Supergiant star, wanda shi ne girman da ɗari biyu da sau fi Sun, aka hallaka da wani yunkri thermonuclear dauki, ya sa ta hanyar samar da antimatter, a cikin hanyar wanda, bi da bi, ya gamma radiation. Wannan misali ne na abin da zai iya faruwa tare da rushewar Betelgeuse. Ana iya ganin fashewar har tsawon watanni da dama, saboda ya fitar da girgije na rediyo mai nauyin sau 50 da girman Sun kuma ya fitar da hasken wutar lantarki na nukiliya, wanda za'a iya lura da ita daga galaxies mai zurfi.

Supersurface SN2007bi misali ne na rashin lafiya na "para-instability". Its bayyanar shi ne kama da fashewa daga cikin atomic bam, jawo da matsawa na plutonium. A cikin kimanin kimanin mega-octogram hudu (wannan nau'in talatin ne da biyu ne), tauraran taurari suna kiyaye su daga rashin karfin jiki ta hanyar karfin radiation gamma. Mafi zafi da tsakiya, wanda ya fi ƙarfin makamashin rayukan gamma, amma idan suna da makamashi mai yawa, za su iya, ta atomatik, su kirkiro nau'i-nau'i na kwayoyin halitta da kuma antimatter daga tsabtace makamashi. Wannan yana nufin cewa dukkanin tauraruwar tauraron suna kama da matakan haɗari.

Tsarin makamashin nukiliya ya fashe bam na 11 Suns

Antimatter ya shafe ta tare da kishiyar, kamar yadda yake kula da wannan, amma matsalar ita ce fashewawar fashewa, wanda, ko da yake babban matsayi, ya haifar da jinkirin jinkiri wajen samar da gamma-matsa lamba wanda ke hana tauraron daga faduwa. Ƙananan saffen sag, damun ainihin kuma kara yawan zafin jiki. Wannan yana kara bayyanar da bayyanar da hasken rana mai karfi da ke samar da antimatter, kuma ba zato ba tsammani dukan tauraron ya zama wani na'urar da ba ta da kariya ta nukiliya, wanda girmansa ya wuce yadda za mu iya tunaninmu. All thermonuclear core detonates nan da nan, kamar yadda wani thermonuclear bam, da taro na wanda ya wuce ba kawai girman da rana - shi ne ya fi girma fiye da taro na 11 Suns.

Gudu kome. Babu wani rami mai duhu, kuma babu tauraron tsaka-tsakin, babu abin da ya rage, sai dai girgije mai fadada sababbin kayan abu na rediyo da sararin samaniya inda inda akwai abu mafi girma wanda zai yiwu ba tare da yaduwa ba. Rashin fashewa ya haifar da halayen a kan babban sikelin, sake mayar da abu a cikin sabon abu na rediyo.

Killer Stars

Wasu taurari masu tauraron gaske - masu kisan gilla, nau'in 11 - su ne magunguna, tushen asalin gamma-ray bursts (GRB). Idan aka kwatanta da Ma'aikata, fashewawar irin wannan abu zai bar sau 1000 more makamashi. Wani tabbaci na GRB-model ya bayyana a shekarar 2003.

Ya bayyana a wani ɓangare saboda "fashewar" kusa, inda masanan astronomers suka kafa wurin yin amfani da cibiyar sadarwa ta GMN-ray (GCN). Ranar 29 ga watan Maris, 2003, fashewa ya kusaci cewa abubuwan da suka faru a baya sun zama masu yanke shawara wajen magance asirin gamma-ray bursts. Harshen gani na bayanan ya kusan kusan SN1998bw. Bugu da ƙari, lura da tauraron dan adam X-ray sun nuna nau'in halayyar alama - kasancewar "gigice" da "oxygen" mai tsanani, wanda ke nan a supernovae. Saboda haka, astronomers sun iya ƙayyade cewa "lalacewa" dangane da ragowar rayukan da ke kusa, wanda yake "kawai" a cikin shekaru biliyan biyu daga duniya, yayi kama da supernova.

Ba'a san ko kowane hyperlink yana hade da GRB. Duk da haka, a cewar masu nazarin astronomers, kawai daga cikin 100,000 supernovae samar da hypernova. Wannan shi ne game da kwayar cutar guda daya da aka fashe a kowace rana, wanda aka lura da shi.

Abin da ya tabbata a fili shi ne cewa tsakiya da ke tattare da kafawar hypernova yana da isasshen ma'auni don samar da rami mai duhu, maimakon wani tauraron tsaka-tsaki. Saboda haka, kowannensu ya lura GRB shine "kururuwa" na jariri baƙo.

White dwarf a cikin tsarin T Compass

Masana kimiyya sun yarda da cewa sabon bincike na T Compass a cikin constellation Ƙaƙafa tare da taimakon tauraron dan adam International Ultraviolet Explorer ya nuna cewa dwarf fararen ɓangare ne na dual tsarin kuma an cire shi a cikin shekaru 3260 daga duniya, wanda ya fi kusa da kimanin kimanin shekaru 6000.

Dwarf mai dadi shine sabon sabo. Wannan yana nufin cewa fashewar thermonuclear wani tauraro tana faruwa a kowace shekara 20. Shahararrun abubuwan da suka faru sune a 1967, 1944, 1920, 1902 da 1890. Wadannan fashewar ba su lalacewar sabon tauraron ba, kuma ba su da tasiri, kuma basu da tasiri akan duniya. Masanan astronomers ba su san dalilin da yasa tsaka-tsakin tsakanin flares ya karu ba.

Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa sabon fashewa sakamakon sakamakon karuwa ne a yayin da wani tauraron dan adam ya zaba gas mai amfani da hydrogen daga tauraron dan adam. Lokacin da taro ya kai iyakance, sabon filashi ya auku. Ba'a san ko taro yana ƙaruwa ba ko ragewa a yayin yunkurin yin fashewa da fashewa, amma idan ya kai ga iyakar Chandrasekhar, dwarf zai zama abin da ya fi kama. A wannan yanayin, dwarf shrinks da haske mai sauƙi ya faru, sakamakon haka zai zama lalacewa gaba daya. Wannan nau'i na supernova ya ba da dama fiye da miliyan 10 fiye da sabon abu.

Rashin makamashi na dubban rana

Abubuwan da aka yi a cikin farin dwarf a lokacin sabon walƙiya ya nuna cewa taro yana karuwa, kuma bayanai na Hubble a kan kayan da aka fitar a lokacin fashewar da ta gabata sun tabbatar da wannan ra'ayi. Misalai suna kiyasta cewa yawan farin dwarf zai iya kai iyakar Chandrasekhar kimanin shekaru miliyan 10 ko baya.

A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da supernova zai kai ga gamma radiation, da samar da makamashi na wanda yake daidai 1,000 lokaci daya da hasken rana flares. Wannan ya fi hatsari fiye da fashewar Betelgeuse. Lokacin da radiation gamma ya kai Duniya, yana barazanar samar da nitrogen oxides, wanda zai iya lalata kuma zai iya halakar da samfurin sararin samaniya. Ƙarjin zai kasance mai haske kamar sauran taurari a cikin Milky Way haɗuwa. Daya daga cikin masu nazarin astronomers, Dr. Edward Sion na Jami'ar Villanova, ya ce yana iya fashewa a cikin lokaci mai zuwa a cikin lokaci wanda masanan sunyi amfani da su, amma wannan shine makomar mai zuwa ga mutum.

Sanin ra'ayi ya bambanta

Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa fashewawar fashewa a cikin nesa na kasa da shekaru 100 daga duniya zai zama mummunan rauni, amma sakamakon zai kasance ba gaskiya ba kuma zai dogara ne akan irin yadda fashewa yake. Kungiyar masu bincike sun ce cutar za ta iya kasancewa ta kusa kuma ta fi karfi fiye da fashewar Betelgeuse. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ba a sani ba, amma duniya za ta lalace sosai. Duk da haka, wasu masu bincike, irin su Alex Filippenko na Jami'ar California a Berkeley, masanin ilimin samfurin, galaxies masu aiki, ramukan duhu, gamma bursts da kuma fadada sararin samaniya, basu yarda da lissafi ba kuma sunyi imanin cewa fashewa, idan ta yi, ba zai iya lalata duniya ba .