12 nau'i-nau'i daga girman kwanyar jijiyoyi: tebur. Girman kwanyar jijiyoyi: rarraba da kuma taƙaitaccen bayanin

Jijiyoyi mikawa daga da kuma waje a cikin kwakwalwa, da ake kira da girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. Rarraba da wani taƙaitaccen bayanin su akayi daban-daban aka dauke a cikin gaba labarin.

Iri jijiyoyi da Pathology

Akwai da dama iri jijiyoyi:

• motor.
• gauraye.
• m.

Ilimin tsarin jijiyoyi motor girman kwanyar jijiyoyi a matsayin m da kuma matasan, ya furta bayyananen cewa masana iya gane asali. Bugu da kari ya ware raunuka na mutum jijiyoyi za a iya shafa da waɗanda suke a lokaci guda zuwa daban-daban kungiyoyin. Godiya ga sanin su wuri da ayyuka shi ne zai yiwu ba kawai fahimtar abin da irin jijiya karya, amma kuma localize ya shafa yankin. Wannan zama samuwa ta musamman da hanyoyin yin amfani da high-tech kayan aiki. Alal misali, a ophthalmic yi, ta amfani da fasaha ta zamani, shi ne mai yiwuwa a san da jihar na fundus, da na gani jijiya, domin sanin ko filin da ra'ayi da kuma hearths hasãra.

Good darajar gano carotid angiography da verterbalnaya. Amma mafi cikakken bayani za a iya samu ta amfani da lissafta tomography. Tare da shi, za ka iya ganin mutum jijiya kututturan da kuma gano marurai da sauran canje-canje a cikin auditory, na gani, kuma wasu jijiyoyi.

Tantance trigeminal da auditory jijiyoyi ya yiwu ne da Hanyar cortical somatosensory iko. Har ila yau a cikin wannan harka, da audiograph da nistagmografiya.

Development electromyography fadada dama ga mafi cikakken bayani game da girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. Yanzu za ka iya bincika, misali, kibta reflex martani, maras wata-wata tsoka aiki a fuska da kuma daukan taban tsokoki na harshe, palate, da sauransu.

Zauna a kowane daga cikin wadannan nau'i-nau'i daga jijiyoyi. A total akwai 12 nau'i-nau'i daga girman kwanyar jijiyoyi. Table, inda suke jera a karshen cikin labarin. A halin yanzu, bari mu yi la'akari da kowane daga cikin nau'i-nau'i dabam.

1 biyu. description

Wannan ya hada da olfactory jijiya daga kungiyar m. Lokacin da wannan tsoka mai amsa sigina Kwayoyin warwatse a cikin epithelium na hanci kogo a olfactory rabo. Thin jijiya cell appendages mayar da hankali a olfactory filaments da ke cikin olfactory jijiyoyi. Daga hanci jijiya shiga cikin girman kwanyar rami ta cikin ramukan da farantin na ethmoid kashi, da kuma ƙare a cikin kwan fitila daga wanda yake fãra tsakiya olfactory hanya.

2 biyu. Kayayyakin jijiya

Wannan ya hada da wani biyu daga na gani jijiya, ya yiwuwa ga m kungiyar. neuronal axons nan ta bi ta layin wutar farantin da eyeball daya ganga, wanda da dama a cikin girman kwanyar kogo. A tushe na kwakwalwa zaruruwa daga wadannan jijiyoyi a garesu converge da kuma haifar da hanyoyi da kuma na gani chiasm. HanyõyinMu zuwa thalamus da geniculate jiki matashin kai, bayan da tsakiyar gani hanya directed zuwa occipital lobe daga cikin kwakwalwa.

3 tururi. efferent jijiya

Oculomotor (motor), halitta da jijiya zaruruwa tsawaita daga jijiyoyi da cewa suna located a launin toka al'amari na kwakwalwa a karkashin ruwan kaskon. Don tushe da shi ya wuce tsakanin kafafu, sa'an nan samun shiga cikin ido madawwama biyu, kuma innervates tsoka (sai dai saman da matsanancin QFontDatabase layi na innervation gamu da sauran girman kwanyar jijiyoyi, 12 nau'i-nau'i, ya nuna wanda tebur a fili ya nuna dukkan su a hade). Wannan shi ne saboda da dauke a cikin jijiya zaruruwa na parasympathetic.

4 tururi. pathetic

A wannan biyu hada trochlear jijiya (motor) da asali daga core karkashin cerebral wandararre da ta tabbata daga cikin ze tashi a yankin na kwakwalwa. A wannan bangare ya jũya chiasm, lankwasawa da kafafu da kuma shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin falaki. Wannan biyu innervated m QFontDatabase tsoka.

5, biyu daga cikin 12 da nau'i-nau'i na girman kwanyar jijiyoyi

Table ci gaba trigeminal jijiya alaka da riga gauraye. A ta ba akwati azanci da kuma mota nuclei da kuma a kan tushen - asallanta kuma rassan. Azanci shine zaruruwa Kwatsam daga rundunar sel da trigeminal wanda dendrites haifar gefe rassan cewa innervate fata a gaban fatar kan mutum da kuma fuska, hakora gumis, ocular conjunctiva, mucous membranes na hanci, baki, da harshe.
Motor zaruruwa (daga trigeminal jijiya) da alaka da mandibular jijiya reshe, da kuma gwada innervate masticatory tsokoki.

6 biyu. abducens

Next wani ɓangare na 12 nau'i-nau'i daga girman kwanyar jijiyoyi (Table sanya shi ga mota jijiyoyi kungiyar) ya hada da wani biyu abducens. Yana farawa daga cell nuclei a cikin pons, samun a kan tushe da kuma ci gaba da tafiya zuwa orbital Ramin a saman sa'an nan zuwa ga ido soket. Yana SUPPLiES da mike ido tsokoki (m).

7 tururi. facialis

Wannan biyu kunshi da fuska jijiya (motor) generated daga cell appendages motor tsakiya. A zaruruwa fara fita a shaft a kasa karo na hudu, ventricle, hawa a kusa da hudu jijiya tsakiya saukar zuwa kasa da kuma shiga cikin wata gada-cerebellar kwana. Yana nan motsa zuwa ga auditory bude, a cikin canal na gyara man fuska jijiya. Bayan da parotid gland shine yake, shi ya raba zuwa rassan cewa innervate da fuska tsokoki da kuma gyara man fuska magana, kazalika da dama sauransu. Bugu da ari, shi kara daga wanda reshe kara innervates tsoka kwance a tsakiyar kunne.

8 tururi. auditory jijiya

Na takwas biyu daga cikin 12 da nau'i-nau'i na girman kwanyar jijiyoyi (Table classifies shi ga m jijiyoyi) kunshi auditory ko vestibulocochlear jijiya, wanda ya hada da wani sassa biyu: da vestibular da cochlear. Cochlear part kunshi dendrites da axons na karkace kumburi a kashi cochlea. A wasu bangare kara daga vestibular kumburi a kasa na da auditory meatus. Jijiya a garesu aka haɗa ta kunne canal ga auditory jijiya.

A zaruruwa na vestibular karshen a cikin nuclei da suke rhomboid fossa da cochlear - cochlear nuclei a cikin pons.

9 biyu. glossopharyngeal jijiya

Table girman kwanyar jijiyoyi ci gaba da tara biyu, wanda aka wakilta glossopharyngeal jijiya. Yana hada azanci, motor, secretory zare da daɗin ci. Akwai kusa links tare da vagus jijiyoyi da kuma matsakaici. Mutane da yawa dauke da zuciyar na jijiya located in medulla oblongata. Suna raba tare da goma sha biyu da kuma nau'i-nau'i.

Jijiya zaruruwa nau'i-nau'i ake hada a cikin ganga, da barin girman kogo. Domin na baya uku na palate da kuma harshe ne da dandano da azanci shine jijiya to can cikin kunne da kuma pharynx - m, domin pharynx - a mota domin parotid gland - secretory.

10 tururi. vagus

Next tebur girman kwanyar jijiyoyi ci gaba biyu kunsha na vagus jijiya, wanda aka bai wa daban-daban ayyuka. A akwati yana farawa daga tushen a cikin medulla oblongata. Fitowa daga cikin girman kwanyar rami, pharynx jijiya innervates striated tsokoki da kuma na maƙogwaro, sama, da trachea, bronchi da kuma narkewa kamar gabobin.

Azanci shine zaruruwa innervate da occipital yankin na kwakwalwa, wajen auditory meatus, sauran gabobin. Secretory zaruruwa ake nufi ga ciki da kuma pancreas, vasomotor - receptacles, parasympathetic - da zuciya.

11 biyu. Description na m jijiya

Gabatar a wannan biyu daga m jijiya aka yi sama da manya da ƙananan rabo. A farko zo daga mota tsakiya na medulla oblongata, da kuma na biyu - daga tsakiya zuwa zankayen laka. Tushen suna da alaka da juna da kuma fito fili daga cikin kwanyar da goma biyu. Wasu daga cikin su ke da vagus jijiya.

Yana innervates tsokoki - sternoclavicular-mastoid da trapezoidal.

12 biyu

Yana ƙare da wani summary tebur na girman kwanyar jijiyoyi da kamar wata da hypoglossal jijiya. Its core ne a cikin kasa daga cikin medulla oblongata. Fitowa daga cikin kwanyar, shi SUPPLiES tsokoki harshe.

Irin wannan abar kewaye 12 ma'aurata girman jijiyoyi. To takaita a sama.

Dubi jerin, wanda ya nuna girman jijiyoyi, 12 nau'i-nau'i. da wadannan tebur.

ƙarshe

Wannan ne data tsarin da jijiya aiki. Kowane biyu taka wata muhimmiyar rawa. Kowane jijiya ne wani ɓangare na wata babbar tsarin, da kuma dogara a kan shi, kazalika da dukan tsarin - daga aiki na mutum jijiyoyi.