A Afghanistan gwamnati, siyasa da kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Hafizullah Amin: biography, siffofi da ayyuka da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Hafizullah Amin - daya daga cikin mafi rigima Figures a cikin tarihi na Afghanistan. Mutane da yawa imani da shi shi ne babban m da sarkar na yaƙe-yaƙe a kasar, wanda ya fara a shekarar 1979 da kuma ci gaba da wannan rana, yayin da wasu tunanin cewa shi ne - wanda aka azabtar da mãkirci. Saboda haka wanda ya Hafizullah Amin? Biography na firaministan kasar Afghanistan da kuma zai zama batun binciken mu.

Haihuwa da kuma farkon shekara

Hafizullah Amin aka haife shi a Agusta 1929 a lardin Paghman, kusa da Kabul, Afghanistan, a mulkin. Mahaifinsa shi ne shugaba na daya daga cikin gidajen yarin kasar. Ya aka sauko daga kabilar Pashtun-Ghilzais irin Haruta.

Bayan makarantar sakandare, Hafizullah Amin sa suna a cikin wani malamin horo. Bayan kammala horo a can, ya ba su daina. Amin nasarar sauke karatu daga Kabul University, kuma ya karbi digiri na farko a kimiyyar lissafi.

Sai ya fara koyarwa a babban birnin kasar ta makarantar sakandare, inda a shirya ta motsa har da aiki tsani. Amin mun gwada da sauri tafiya cikin hanya daga sauki ga darektan na malamin.

Domin ya kara da matakin na wasan share fagen shiga, Amin ya ci gaba da karatu a {asar Amirka, Columbia. Ya tafi can a cikin farkon thirties.

A farko matakai a siyasa

Duk da yake karatu a jami'a, Hafizullah Amin nuna wani wajen babban matakin na ilmi, jagoranci ta Afghanistan fraternity, kazalika da farko Masana akidar Karl Marx ideas. A bit daga baya ya zama memba na "kulob din na Progressive Socialist." Ko da yake, a cewar wasu kwararru Soviet, daidai a lokacin da ya aka dauka ta CIA.

A shekarar 1965, ya karbi digiri da kuma mayar da su zuwa Afghanistan, Hafizullah Amin fara rayayye tafiyar da jama'a ayyukan. Ya koyar a Jami'ar Kabul. Ko da yake ta samu a suna a matsayin Pashtun kasa, a shekarar 1966, Amin zama memba na akidar Karl Marx reshe karkashin jagorancin shugaban Nur Muhammad Taraki - jam'iyyar PDP na Afghanistan, kafa shekara kafin.

A 1967, jam'iyyar zahiri raba cikin ɗayan ƙungiyõyin biyu - "Khalq", wanda shugaban ya Taraki da kuma "Parcham", karkashin jagorancin Babrak Karmal. ? Ungiya "Khalq" ya ginu ne yafi a kan kabilanci Pashtun mazauna kauyuka, babban mazabar "Parcham" ya mai kabilu birane yawan jama'a. Bugu da kari, proponents na "Khalq" sãɓã wa jũna mafi tsattsauran ra'ayi. Shi ne a cikin wannan sulusi da murabba'i kuma samu Amin. Duk da haka, tuni a shekarar 1968, a wani taro na bangaren "Khalq", ta Halin aka downgraded zuwa matsayi na dan takarar membobinsu na PDPA. Hukumance, wannan mataki ne da ba dole ba kasa views substantiated da Amin.

Amma riga a 1969, Amin, tare da da dama sauran mambobi na PDPA, ya dauki bangare a cikin zaben majalisar dokoki. Haka kuma, ya kasance da tafin kafa wakilin ɗayan ƙungiyõyin biyu, wanda aka Duk da haka zabe zuwa ƙananan majalisar.

A juyin juya halin Musulunci events

A watan Yuli 1973, wani taron cewa ta kaddamar da tsarin ba da m canje a kasar, daga zuba a cikin karshen doguwar yakin basasa. Just to, akwai na kifar da gwamnatin sunã madawwama tare da kai ziyara a Italiya sarki Mohammed Zahir Shah, wanda ya yi mulki tun shekara ta 1933, dan uwan da tsohon firaministan kasar ta Afghanistan, Mohammed Daoud, halshen wani juyin mulkin soja. Daoud soke daular mulkinsu kuma a zahiri ta kafa wani sirri mulkin kama karya, ko da yake ƙa'ida ofishin ya dauki matsayin shugaban kasa. Shugabannin goyon bayan PDPA juyin mulki. Rashin m support tsakanin talakawa na yawan jama'ar, Dowd aka tilasta nemi taimako daga tsari. A takaice, ya sanya abokai da "Parcham" reshe.

Amma nan da nan da dangantaka tsakanin Dawud da PDPA razladilis a matsayin shugaban kasa dakatar duk jam'iyyun siyasa fãce kansa - da Party of National juyin juya halin. A halin yanzu, a 1977, a karkashin shiga tsakani na Tarayyar Soviet da fikafikai biyu da PDPA aka sõyayya a cikin wani aure jam'iyyar sake, ko da yake fractional rabuwa ba gaba daya an shafe ta. Sakatare Janar an zabe Taraki kuma Amin ya tafi zuwa ga kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar. Sa'an nan aka yanke shawarar shirya hambarar da shugaba Daoud.

A Afrilu 1978 Saur juyin juya halin da ya faru, wanda ke haifar da Mohammed Daoud aka hambarar da hukuncin kisa nan da nan, da kuma jagorancin da kasar tare da goyon bayan da soja kama jam'iyyar PDPA. Hukumance, kasar da aka sake masa suna Jamhuriyar Demokradiyar Afghanistan. The shugaban kasa zama Taraki, wanda ya mamaye mafi girma matsayi - Shugaban kwamitin gwagwarmaya da kuma firayin ministan kasar na kasar. Mataimakin shugaban kwamitin gwagwarmaya ta zama wani memba na jam'iyyar adawa ta "Parcham" - Babrak Karmal. Amin samu da post na mataimakin firaministan kasar da kuma ministan harkokin wajen kasar. A watan Maris na shekarar 1979, Taraki, sauran shugaban jihar a matsayin shugaban na Revolutionary Council, ya yi murabus da firaministan kasar da kuma watsa su Hafizullah Amin.

Tashi zuwa ikon

Amma nan da nan da zaran yunkuri ya zo ikon, rikice-rikice ya fara bayyana tsakanin daban-daban kungiyoyin na su. Sun fara da danniya da 'yan adawa da kuma a kan waɗanda kungiyoyin a cikin jam'iyyar wanda bai raba general line. A musamman, da "Parcham"? Ungiya mambobi mafi wuya ya buga. Amma ko da a cikin? Ungiya "Khalq" ba kome tafi smoothly. A farko ya barke sirri kiyayya a tsakanin Taraki kuma Amin, wanda aka kona ta sirri burinsu na karshen. A ƙarshe, bayan wani bugun fenariti tsakanin masu kare lafiyarsa da 'yan siyasa a watan Satumba na shekarar 1979, Amin, kamar yadda na Yuli na wannan shekara, da ministan tsaron kasar, da umarnin da soja ya dauki iko da key gwamnatin shigarwa.

A wani matsanancin plenum na jam'iyyar Taraki ya aka tuhuma da yunkurin kashe Amina, da usurpation da iko, kuma da kafa wani daba na hali. Bayan da tofin Allah tsine, tsohon shugaban Afghanistan da aka maƙare a kan umarni na Amin. Daga cikin mutanen da a farko ya boye abin da aka faruwa, yana mai cewa Taraki mutu daga cutar.

Bayan kawar da Taraki, daga Satumba 16, 1979, Amin ya zama babban sakatare na PDPA, da kuma shugaban kwamitin gwagwarmaya, a lokaci guda, kamar yadda a gabãnin haka, ya zauna da firaministan kasar da kuma ministan tsaron kasar.

mutuwa

Da zarar iko, Amin ba kawai ya raunana danniya, amma ko da ƙarfafa su, mafificin baya shugabannin na kasar. A wannan hanya ya rabu ba kawai mambobi ne na "Parcham"? Ungiya, amma kuma da yawa daga cikin reshe "Khalq". A gabansa cewa ya aka rasa iko levers, wato Amin farko samarwa da ra'ayin kawo Tarayyar Soviet sojojin dattako da halin da ake ciki a kasar.

Amma Soviet gwamnati yanke shawarar tallafawa ba Amina, saboda ina ganin yana unreliable, da kuma shugaban jam'iyyar adawa ta "Parcham" Babrak Karmal, wanda yake KGB wakili. A sakamakon aiki gudanar da jami'an tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet, Disamba 27, 1979 Hafizullah Amin aka jiki hallaka a kansa fāda

iyali

Hafizullah Amin yana da matarsa, da wani dan da 'ya mace. Abin da ya faru tare da shugaban Afghanistan ta iyali, bayan an kashe shi Hafizullah Amin? Yara ma suna tare da mahaifinsa a lokacin storming na fada. Dan da aka kashe, da kuma rauni daya daga 'ya'yansa mata. A al'adar tsira da farmaki 'yan uwa Amin ba a sani.

ban sha'awa facts

Nan da nan bayan mutuwar shugaban Afghanistan ta yadu yi imani da cewa Hafizullah Amin - wani m, aka dauka ta CIA. A gaskiya, shi samu ba kai tsaye shaida na wata mahada da Amurka hukumomin leken asiri Amin.

Duk da kowa imani da cewa Soviet dakarunta suka shiga Afghanistan da shawarar Karmal, a gaskiya wannan shirin da aka yi da Amin kansa.

hali kima

Mun yi karatu da bayanin irin rayuwa ya rayu Hafizullah Amin. Biography shugaban kasar Afghanistan ya nuna cewa shi wajen shubuha hali. A halin kishin kasa a hade tare da careerism, nufin kafa tabbatar da adalci a kasar a hade tare da haramta shi da hanyoyin da siyasa kamar yadda tsayayya wa Amin ta jama'a da kuma siyasa abokan.

Duk da haka Amin zargin tare da hadin gwiwar CIA ko wasu kasashen waje musamman da sabis ba a halin yanzu ba.