A girmamawa wani mai suna Kwamandan Islands? The balaguro na Vitus Bering

Kwamandan Islands ne wani tarin tsiburai, wanda ya hada da 4 da manyan 10 kananan tsibiran. Suna located a kudu maso yammacin na Bering Sea. An located a Arewa Pacific. Bering Sea a kan taswira dole ne, a nemi tsakanin nisa gabashin ɓangare na Rasha da kuma Amurka Alaska. Bisa ga administrative division, wani tarin tsiburai located in Kamchatka yankin na Rasha Federation. 'Yan mutane san, a cikin girmamawa ga wanda aka mai suna Kwamandan Islands.

Suna da kakkarfan lauye Rasha da kuma Aleut al'adu. The most ne samuwar Bering Island, wanda yana da wani elongated daga arewa zuwa kudu form. Shi yana da wani yanki daga 1.660 murabba'in kilomita. Na hudu tsarin tsibirin mutane suna rayuwa ne kawai a kan shi. Wasu ci gaba da kasancewa inda ba wanda yake zaune Kwamandan Islands. Rasha tana da yawa yankunan da low yawan yawa. Wadannan tsibirai kawai bi da su.

A cikin ƙauyen Nikolskoye a kan Bering Island ne kamar 700 mazaunan. Don samun zuwa ɓangaren duniya, suna bukatar su shawo kan 'yan dari kilomita. A jirgin sama jirgin ne 3 hours, da kuma sauran hanyar zuwa matsawa kusan fakowa ba. A cikin hunturu, tsibirin rufe da dusar ƙanƙara da ta busa iska mai karfi igiyoyin. A lokacin rani zafi so yan unguwa kawai lokaci-lokaci. Yafi mamaye rigar weather, nauyi hazo, sau da yawa ruwa. Halin da kaifi canji a yanayin yanayi.

A farko balaguro na Vitus Bering

Yana duk fara da Rasha Tsar, wanda "ya bude wani taga zuwa Turai." A faɗuwar rana ta sarautarsa , Peter na dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin halittar matakan bude up sabon arewaci da gabashin yankunan, kazalika da sa a kan Maritime hanyoyi a Amurka da India asashe. A farkon 1725, m daga tsanani cututtuka, da Rasha tsar wajen samar da jagorori don shirya aikin "Siberian Fe", manufar wanda ya isa Amurka ta Arewa Sea Coast na nazari da kuma rikodin su a kan taswira ne akwai.

Balaguro shugaban zama Vitus Bering, da bude daga wanda zai zama madalla a nan gaba. Akan ga Dane fadi, musamman saboda ta maimaita yunkurin kai American gaba. Duk da haka, ya kāsa yi wuce ta mashigar, wadda aka baya mai suna bayan shi, a sakamakon wanda ya koma a 1730 a St. Petersburg.

Na biyu balaguro na Vitus Bering

A babban birnin na Rasha Empire Behring ruwaito a kan tafiya zuwa gwamnatin Anny Ioannovny, kazalika da sabon bincike ya nuna shirin, jayayya muhimmancin karatu arewacin yankunan da Siberian ƙasar, don su iya kasuwanci tare da Arewa-Maso-Yamma da Amurka da kuma Japan.

A shirin da aka goyan bayan da Danish navigator, sakamakon da aiwatar da aka bayar da muhimmanci kudade. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa Rasha ya tsayayyen ga dukan Bering bude. Special himma a aiwatar da aikin yi cikin majalisar dattijai, da Admiralty da Academy of Sciences. A 1732, akwai wani umurnin da majalisar dattijai a shiri na biyu Kamchatka balaguro. Ta zo da za a da aka sani da Great Arewa Fe. A hukuncin da aka sanar da cewa balaguro ne mafi m, tare da babba wahala, karo na farko aiwatar.

Great Arewa Fe fara a 1733 da kuma ƙare a 1743. Bayan nazarin sakamakon da shi zai iya samun, a cikin girmamawa ga wanda aka mai suna Kwamandan Islands. The balaguro kunshi 7 kungiyoyin, wanda suna cin gashin kansa daga juna. 10 jiragen ruwa amintattun 580 mutane. The ayyuka na kowane naúrar hada da jarrabawa qaddara kewayo.

teams aiki

Farko tawagar, wanda aka jagorancin lieutenants Stepan Muravev da Mikhail Pavlov, tsince hanyarsu daga Arkhangelsk. Ya aka nufi don gano da jihar bakin teku sashi tsakanin Pechora kuma Likitan mata lebe.

A karo na biyu naúrar, wanda ya tafi daga Tobolsk, umarta ta Lieutenant Dmitry Ovtsyn. Ya ake bukata don gano gabas Coast na Gulf of Likitan mata zuwa arewa wajen ƙarshen Taimyr Larabawa ko ga Khatanga.

Lieutenant Vasily Pronchishchev jagoranci uku detachment, wanda aiki ya yi nazarin Coast, yamma da bakin Lena. Tare da Rasha jami'in a cikin iyo tafi matarsa Tatiana. Ta zama na farko da mace halarci iyakacin duniya balaguro.

The shugaban na huɗu detachment zama Lieutenant Peter Lasinius, bayan wanda mutuwa a cajin da aka nada Dmitry Laptev. Da manufofin wannan kungiya da masu bincike hada da binciken na gabashin bakin tekun, wanda lullube daga bakin Lena da zamani Bering mashigar.

A shugaban na biyar naúrar ya kai tsaye da Bering. Yana isa yabo na wannan mutumin a nan gaba zai zama amsa ga wannan tambaya: "A cikin girmamawa ga wani mai suna Kwamandan Islands?". Biyar tawagar yi nufin gano Kamchatka da Arewa-Maso-Yamma da Amurka da kuma data kasance tsibirin a Arewa Pacific Ocean.

Shida detachment a karkashin jagorancin Martin Shpanberg ya gano game da Kuril Islands da kuma Japan Coast. A manufofin da bakwai tawagar, wanda aka mai suna Academic, hada da binciken na ciki yankin Siberia. Kansa aka nada Farfesa Gerhard Miller. The masu bincike 'aiki da aka gudanar a wani m yanayin.

Cimma na farko da kungiyar

Farko tawagar ya shafe 4 shekaru don motsawa daga Arkhangelsk zuwa bakin Likitan mata River. Yawa nasara (idan aka kwatanta da abin da ya buɗe Behring), masu bincike sun ba a samu - da aka bayyana a fairly kananan rairayin bakin teku yankin, Ugra ball kuma Matveev Island, Long da kuma Local. Wannan shi ne sun fi mayar saboda da zargin scurvy, wanda aka mowing da mambobi ne na balaguro kusan daga na farko kwanaki na tafiya.

Akwai matsaloli da horo a cikin jirgin, domin cimma wannan tambaya azãba mai tsanani daga flogging. A jagora na farko da kungiyar akwai sabani, amma a cikin hunturu da mazauna yankunan samu dama ta sufurin kaya forwarders kan wanda suka fara sami gunaguni. Bayan da cewa akwai wani canji jagoranci, umartarku da kungiyar zama leftana Stepan Malygin, wanda daga baya kammala da manufa na farko da kungiyar.

Samar da na biyu kungiyar

The balaguro na Vitus Bering a kashi na biyu na naúra ya iya cimma babbar nasara a kwatanta da farko kungiyar. A lokacin ziyarar, da detachment Ovtsyna jami'in don kammala aiki, wanda alaka da nazari na bakin tekun daga bakin Likitan mata da Yenisei. Bayan isa a St. Petersburg shugaban kungiya da aka demoted bayan shekaru uku daga farkon na tafiya, a kan tushen siyasa yanke shawara. Ya aka yaba da dangantaka ta kusa da Prince Dolgoruky, wanda yake a gudun hijira.

Sa'an nan, na biyu rukuni na shugabannin zama Fedor Minin da Dmitry Sterlegov. A lokacin farko tafiya Minin ya iya tafi kawai ga bakin Yenisei. Sa'an nan a lokacin rani na shekara ya koma gabas. Amma bayan wucewa a yawan kananan tsibiran, da fuskantar da kankara, Minin yanke shawarar dakatar a kan hanyarsa. Sterlegov na ƙasar rufe da nisa zuwa arewa maso gabashin bakin Yenisei River zuwa Cape, wanda daga baya aka mai suna bayan shi. Kamchatka balaguro na Vitus Bering ta biyu tawagar a wannan karshen.

Duk da haka, tsakanin sabbin shugabannin na biyu kungiyar akwai bambance-bambance. Bayan ya dawo daga wani balaguro samo asali da kara wanda ke haifar Minin aka demoted ga matuƙan 2 shekaru.

Nasarorin da uku naúrar

The uku detachment a kan da "Yakutsk" daga bakin Lena gudanar ta hanyar yamma. Da zarar sun isa bakin Olenek, shugaban Pronchishchev kungiyar da aka yanke shawarar ciyar da hunturu. Bayan wannan tawagar ci gaba da balaguro, shawo kan mãsu nauyi kankara. Kai tekun na da Taimyr Larabawa daga gabas, da masu bincike saboda da rashin ci gaba da hanyar da baya zuwa bakin Olenek.

Bayan Pronchishchev mutuwa a 1736 ya zama shugaban detachment Chariton Laptev. Sufurin kaya forwarders sun kammala bakin tekun na Taimyr Larabawa ta ƙasa.

Nasarorin da ta huɗu naúrar

Fourth tawagar sha wahala babba mutum asara saboda scurvy, wanda ya mutu a sakamakon kansa - Bitrus Lasinius, kazalika da 35 mambobi ne na balaguro. A sabon shugaban da aka Dmitry Laptev, wanda ya samu nasarar bincika Coast tsakanin Lena da Kolyma. A karkashin umurnin, na huɗu detachment ya sanya wani kokarin kubuta da Chukotka Larabawa da kuma isa zuwa teku zuwa Kamchatka, amma ga wani wadãtar.

Nasarori na biyar naúrar. A samu na Amirul Islands

A karo na biyar kungiyar karkashin jagorancin Bering a kan mail jiragen "St. Peter "da kuma" Saint. Paul "gangarawa Arewacin Amirka. Yuli 15, 1741 a karon farko ga kyaftin a bakin "St. Paul "Alexei Chirikov. A 'yan kwanaki daga baya jirgin kusata da babban yankin a karkashin jagorancin Bering. Saboda hadiri "St. Peter "ya kan wani hamada tsibirin, inda da shugaban kwamandan mutu daga scurvy. Jana'izar matattu mambobi ne na balaguro da aka samu a shekarar 1991.

Saboda haka, a cikin girmamawa ga wanda aka mai suna Kwamandan Islands? A girmamawa Kwamandan Vitus Bering. Amma shi yana da nasaba ba kawai ga sunayen daga cikin tsibiran. Matsatsiyar da Bering Sea a kan taswira a arewacin Pacific Ocean kuma kai da sunan babban kwamandan.

Nasarorin da shida da kuma bakwai kungiyoyin

Godiya ta shida da ta bakwai umarni aka samu amfani bayanai a cikin kasa, ma'aunan kasa, ethnographic filin arewa da kuma gabas Siberia, kazalika da bude da kuma karatu Kuril Islands da arewa na kasar Japan.