A gogayya da tarakta: a tebur, musamman

A kan ƙasa na CIS kasashe suna classified bisa ga tarakta tsarin, wanda dogara ne a kan halaye na gogayya kayan aiki. Yau za mu dubi wani lokaci kamar tractors, drawbar category. Table da kuma bayanin kowane daga cikin azuzuwan zai taimaka mana a cikin wannan.

Janar Concepts

Gogayya aji nuna mafi muhimmanci halayyar da tarakta - matsakaicin matakin na gogayya, wanda zai iya ci gaba da mota. Amma akwai wani gargadi: shi ne karfi na iya dogara ne a kan irin gona da kuma yanayi na yin amfani da fasaha. Alal misali, a kan wani rigar makiyaya ko marshland tarakta iya ba kawai da a cire kaya, duka biyu a kan yashi ko busassun filin. Saboda haka, gogayya da tarakta auna a tsananin daidaita yanayi.

A cikin hali na aikin gona inji rarrabuwa aka yi a kan} o} arin ci gaba a irin wannan yanayi:

1. Gona da irin - tattaka hatsi da amfanin gona.
2. gona zafi - 20-30%
3. al'ada - gona daga bãyan wancan.
4. Slipping: 16% - for dabaran 4x2. 14% - for wheeled 4x4. 3% - domin sa ido motocin.

Gogayya sa tractors kayyade yawan nuna tuki da karfi a cikin ton-ƙarfin (TS). Wani lokaci akwai wani nuni ne na aji a kilonewtons (kN). Fassara daya darajar zuwa wani ba wuya: 1 kN - kamar 10 mc. Saboda haka, idan shi aka rubuta, misali, cewa tarakta nasa ne a aji 14 kN, to, wannan 1.4-aji gogayya.

rarrabuwa

Yau emit 17 gogayya azuzuwan rufe dukkan dabaru, da suka fara da kananan tillers da kuma kawo karshen tare da mai rikodin ikon tractors. Recent model na inji ga aikin noma ne a farko takwas maki. Wani uku azuzuwan tanada yawo-baya tractors da mini-tractors. A cikin 'yan shekaru, akwai kuma iko farm motocin 7th sa. Kuma a baya a wannan aji hada kawai masana'antu tarakta. Zai taimaka wajen fahimtar abin da tractors, drawbar category, da tebur a kasa.

Rarrabuwa a kungiyoyin

Aikin gona tractors, dangane da manufar, an rarraba su zuwa shida kungiyoyin:

1. Mini-tractors. Wadannan sun hada da wakilan na azuzuwan 0.2-0.4. Technology tsara aiki a kan kananan yankunan da shafi yin amfani da ƙarin haše-haše ko towed kayan aiki. Ma dace da sufuri da aikin.
2. Universal tractors. Wannan na'ura tare da wani 0.6 zuwa 2 aji. Kayan aiki nufi ga general administrative aiki, namo, aiki da kuma yin girbi na jere amfanin gona.
3. Fāɗin duniya-hatsi. The aji ne guda tarakta kamar yadda a karshe kungiyar. Duk da haka, suna yi nufi ga primary shũka (noma, tsoratar game, namo), shuka, girbi, amfanin gona samar da warware kai matsaloli.
4. Janar nufi tarakta. Wannan kungiyar hada da maki 3 ta hanyar 7. Machines aka tsara don samar da makamashi-m ayyukan: noma, namo, snow riƙewa, tattaka BREAKING, reclamation aiki da sufuri ayyukan. Wadannan tractors ake amfani, yawanci a manyan-area filayen.
5. Specialist tarakta. Yana iya zama motoci na daban-daban azuzuwan, babban aiki na wanda yake lura da wani musamman da al'adunsu. Akwai kayan lambu-girma, sugar gwoza, auduga da sauransu.
6. Kai-propelled shasi. Wannan kungiyar hada da azuzuwan na kananan tarakta, da firam ga dandali ayi a gaban. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu - da T-16.

Mu yanzu la'akari da kowane na tarakta dabam, mayar da hankali a kan ta fasali da kuma bayar da takamaiman misalai.

0.2 aji

Kamar yadda ka riga sani, wannan aji ya hada da wani mini-tractors da kuma nauyi tillers. Wannan dabara da aka tsara don sauki aiki a kan kananan mãkirci. Sau da yawa irin wannan tractors aka yi amfani ga kowane drive raka'a da sunadaran. Yau, kasuwa iya samun mai yawa na tractors a cikin wannan aji tun da farkon MTZ-082 da kuma "Belarus-112", da kuma kawo karshen tare da zamani: "Belarus-08K", "Uralets T-0.2", ASM-012, "Ussuriets" don haka on. Popular a kasuwannin gida suna ma kasar Sin model: Foton Te-244, Chery FD15, Dong Feng DF 244, Xingtai XT-220, da sauransu. Akwai kuma Japan tarakta na 0.2 aji kamfanonin: Mitsubishi, Iseki da Kubota.

0.4 aji

A ranar, da m tarakta factory ba nuna wannan aji na kayan aiki. The kawai m tarakta na wannan kungiya, ya sau ɗaya HTZ-7. Ya samar dade ba - daga 1950 zuwa 1956 za a iya samu a cikin wannan aji hada da samfurin na Sin kayayyakin. Su m samar Jinma.

0.6 aji

Cars a cikin wannan aji suna dauke duniya. Wannan al'amari, tare da low price, kayyade su fadi watsa. Wannan aji ya hada irin wannan ne 0.6 m apparatuses: T 25A da kuma T-30 (duka suna samuwa a yau a kan Vladimir TK), mai kai-propelled shasi T-16, VPP-2032, da kuma "Belarus" (version: 310, 320 da kuma 321). Akwai 0.6-m aji da Sin model na kamfanonin: Dong Feng, Chery da Jinma.

0.9 aji

Wannan tarakta aji ne ma dauke su a duniya. Tare da gogayya 0.9 ton tarakta za a iya amfani da aikin gona da kuma harkokin sufuri dalilai. A mafi daukan hankali da kuma rare wakilin aji - wani model T-40 / 40A. Ta ba su kasance a samar da fiye da biyu shekarun da suka gabata, amma har yanzu hidima manyan jami'an harkokin kasuwanci gaskiya. Daga zamani wakilan iya lura da LTZ-55 VTZ-45 da kuma TTZ-80.10.

1.4 aji

By nazarin wannan tambaya kamar "gogayya tarakta aji", a hankali a hankali miƙa mulki ga wani mafi m da kuma iko lokutta. Class 1.4 da aka dauke su mafi m, a harkokin noma, gini, gidaje da kuma utilities, da kuma wasu masana'antu. mafi m aji na gogayya haka wannan kawai. MTZ da kuma "Belarus", ciki har da na gida wakilan, shi ya fi. Wannan aji ya hada da irin Tsohon soji a matsayin MTP-50/52 MTZ-80/82, "Belarus-80/82", duk gyare-gyare UMZ-6 LTZ-95B, LTZ-60AV da yawa wasu. Na more zamani 900 model iya bambanta a jerin "Belarus". Amma ga kasashen waje versions, mafi m US model: John Deere JD6020 / JD5020, AGCO MF3600 / MF3400. A kasuwar ma yana da "German" kamfanin Deutz-Fahr, «Sin»: Dong Feng, Xingtai da sauransu.

2 aji

A hankali muka fara zuwa la'akari da more iko tarakta azuzuwan. Tebur ya nuna cewa biyu-aji fara sa ido model. Wannan shi ne saboda kara workload da wuya daga cikin ayyuka. Af, 20 da suka wuce, a cikin wannan aji za a iya samu ne kawai a crawler tarakta. Class 2 ton a yau, ya hada da nauyin da dabaran model. Mafi mashahuri na farkon na'urorin da aka sa ido T-70 da kuma T-54B. Daga baya suka zo da dabaran gyara LTZ-155. Yau, da zabar wani aji 2 tarakta za ka iya samun ɓace a cikin yalwa daga model. Daga cikin mafi kyau na zamani da inji, ya gabatar a cikin kasuwar, za ka iya zaɓar: "Belarus a 1221, 1222". Amurka John Deere 6020, 6130D da countryman New Holland T6050 Delta. UK Wakilin - GAME IH Maxxum 125; da kuma "Jamusawa» Deutz Agrofarm 430.

sa 3

Wannan irin fasahar da aka rayayye yi amfani da aikin noma da kuma masana'antu aikace-aikace. A ci gaban da albarkatun ma'adinai da kuma hakar ma'adinai, za ka iya kuma sami wannan aji na tarakta. Grade 3 yana da irin wannan hali da wakilan: wheeled ko sa ido T-150, duk versions na matafila dt-75, dt-175, da kuma na zamani "Agromash 90". Na lura novelties: «Belarus 1523», Terrion ATM 3180 da kuma 6 Series John Deere.

sa 4

Cars a cikin wannan aji suna yafi amfani a cikin steppe zone domin lura da taushi gona da danko sosai. Akwai wani lokacin da hudu azuzuwan wakiltar daya kawai matafila Model - T-4A, da kuma wasu na musamman inji. Yau, kasuwa za a iya samu wheeled da kuma sa ido "Belarus" (model 2022 da kuma 2103, bi da bi). Terrion m tare da model ATM 3180/4200. Kharkov tarakta HTZ-181 da kuma HTZ-17221. kazalika da Amirka New Holland da kuma John Deere (Grade 4 a biyu da m wakilci bakwai jerin).

sa 5

wannan aji na kayan aiki compulsorily sanye take da duk-dabaran drive da kuma babbar ƙafafun da zurfin matse. Ana amfani da mai fadi da kewayon ayyukan noma (pre-shuka, dasa da kuma girbi na kamfanin) da kuma matsayin tarakta ga ceto na Trailers a kan hanya. Na cikin gida da model ne mafi mashahuri "Kirov ma'aikata 'ko kuma wajen, model K-700 a duk da versions. Daga cikin inji aji 5 kuma za a iya lura: dabaran "Belarus" versions 2522, 2822, 3022 da kuma 3023 da kuma 5280 model Terrion ATM. kuma crawler T-250 da kuma T-501. Kamar yadda ga kasashen waje da wakilan, akwai da shahararsa tsiwirwirinsu tarakta: Buhler 2000, JD 8050 da kuma Magnum / STX jerin kamfanin Case New Holland.

sa 6

Har kwanan nan, wannan aji aka dauke daga cikin mafi m m tractors a cikin tsohon CIS. Yana hada crawler inji T-130, T-100 M, da kuma K-744. Sun samu nasarar warware agronomic, masana'antu, yi, ma'adinai da kuma sauran ayyuka na high mawuyaci. waje kasuwar model gabatar tractors: Case IH (version STX380, 430, 480 da kuma 530) da kuma JD (versions 9430 da kuma 9420).

sa 7

Ga su ne, da ya fi iko da babban iko tarakta ga harkokin noma. Ana amfani ga babban ƙasa handling da mai fadi da kewayon sauran ayyuka. Key m model aji: Terrion ATM 7360 da kuma UDM-5K-02. Daga cikin kasashen waje da kamfanonin ne mashahuri Buhler m, New Holland, John Deere. Duk da haka, shigo da amfani da tarakta manoma ne sosai iyakance (sayi game da 10 motoci a kowace shekara).

ƙarshe

Nau'in tractors a kan irin wannan filaye kamar yadda tunkuɗa su aji, ba ka damar da sauri sanin abin da tarakta ne manufa ga wadanda ko wasu ayyuka. Tun da rabo ne mai haske da iyaka, babu wani binciken da na halaye na duk inji fahimci abin da samfurin a zabi. Me ya sa wannan yake da muhimmanci? A daya hannun, idan ka zaɓi wani tarakta, wanda rasa ikon, ya ba zai iya jimre da matsala, musamman idan ka samu mafi muni yanayin yanayi. Kuma a kan sauran - idan tarakta na da iko fiye da kuke bukata, shi zai cinye mafi man fetur, da kuma ci domin irin wannan inji shi ba rarrauna ba. Saboda haka, a farko da kuma na biyu da harka, mai shi na tarakta jiran hasarori. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa babu duniya model.