A qa'ida ta gurbata

The kalmar "gurbata" da aka samu daga Latin kalmomi "facio", wanda yake nufin "yin" da "falsus" - "ƙarya". A ra'ayi da ake amfani a fannoni daban daban na rayuwar dan Adam. Alal misali, a can ne da kalmar "gurbatawa na dukiya." Wannan mataki ne da nufin mabukaci da zamba da kuma jabu ne samfurin don samun riba.

The manufa shi ne a gurbata da falsity ka'idar yin amfani da ka'idojin bincike ko gwaji. Wannan lokaci a cikin kimiyya da juyin juya halin da aka gabatar da Popper.

A qa'ida ta gurbata ɗauka cewa kimiyya za a iya daukan kawai ne ga waɗanda theories wanda za a iya karyata bisa manufa. A wasu kalmomin, da binciken kimiyya bane yake iya tabbatar da falsity. Biciken da kuma gurbata ne ƙa'ida mai fasali hanyoyin. A karshen ake dangantawa da katsewa na raguwa da kuma shigar da.

gurbata manufa shafi kawai ga ware empirical zaton. Suna iya kãfirta gaban takamaiman gwaji sakamakon ko dai saboda incompatibility da muhimman hakkokin theories. Duk da haka, ta hanyar hada da wani jam'i na daya ka'idar samun wani sukar shiriritar da shi ne quite wuya, kamar yadda a yarda wasu sabawa wasu daga cikin niƙaƙƙun a cikin gwajin da ka'idar, bisa gwaji sakamakon. A daidai wannan lokaci akwai bukatar kula da ƙaryata ideas ya halicci mafi tasiri zaton - mafi zabi cewa zai iya tabbatar da real ci gaba a ilimi na duniya.

A qa'ida ta gurbata yana a wannan rashin. Daya gagarumin sami wani wuri cewa Game da aboki na dangi da kuma cikakken gaskiya. A wannan yanayin, gaskiya ilimi ne dangi, duk da haka, cewa falsity iya saya mai cikakkar harafin.

Kamar yadda ba amenable gaskiyar da tabbaci manufa da kuma ba zai iya zama faking gurbata. A wasu kalmomin, wadannan tsarin ba za a iya tabbatar da ko kushe da yin amfani da kansa shaida.

Falsifikatsionny manufa ne mai ma'ana ƙarshe neopositivist shigarwa a gudanar da wata m bincike na dukan, gami da falsafa ilmi.

Babban ra'ayin shine ba falsafar da manufa na tabbaci rubutu na falsafa ilimi ga ma'ana bincike na kimiyya da harshen, fassarar lissafi da kuma dabaru a matsayin m kimiyya canje-canje da aka sanya ta cikin mahalarta na Vienna Circle of lissafi da kuma dabaru. Wadannan ra'ayoyi sun zama quite rare a cikin thirties da forties.

Ka'idar tabbaci, musamman, ya sami kuɓuta Schlick (shugaban da'irar) da nema da cewa kowane kimiyya bayani, wanda yake mai hankali, za a rage zuwa kewayon yarjejeniya sentences, wanda ya kamata a gwada empirically. Wadanda bada shawarwari cewa ba shafar wannan hanya, cewa ba hõre rage zuwa empirical facts, theories suna dauke hana wani ma'anar.

A wurin da hanya na ma'ana positivism zo postpositivism. Wannan hadaddun methodological Concepts ba musamman falsafa tsarin, makaranta, ko shakka. Postpositivism ne a mataki na kimiyya falsafa. Ya hari da ake dangantawa da a saki da methodological aiki na Popper da Kuhn littafin.

A rarrabe da wannan mataki - wani gagarumin bambancin da methodological Concepts, kazalika da juna zargi. Postpositivism yarda cewa a cikin kimiyya tarihi na neman sauyi da kuma gagarumin canje-canje ne makawa. Sun haifar da wani bita na baya ilimi na sauti da kuma gane. Popper ƙarasa da cewa babu inductive dabaru. A wannan batun, wani ƙoƙari na watsa shirye-shirye da gaskiya empirical ga msar tambayar matakin m. Saboda haka, Popper ya nuna gaban a cikin hallakaswa deductive dabaru cire, wanda shi ne manufa na zamba.