A tsarin da sacrum da coccyx: Anatomy da kuma aikin manufa

Ba kowa ba ne da dangantaka da su kiwon lafiya, yadda ya kamata. Mutane sau da yawa ba a kula da wasu daga cikin zafi, kuma a gaskiya shi ne ya ce cewa jiki ne ba a cikin mai kyau domin, da kuma bukatar daukan mataki. Alal misali, 'yan mutane da damuwa game da zafi a cikin sacrum. A halin yanzu, shi zai iya sigina rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Sau da yawa, ba dukkan mu masu saba da tsarin da sacrum. Tare, bari mu dubi shi.

Ta yaya sacrum

Sacral kashi ne a manyan triangular kashi siffar, wanda aka located a gindi daga cikin kashin baya shafi. Saboda yara ma sun kafa kwarangwal, suna da shi kunshi biyar raba vertebrae, kuma a cikin manya da shi ne guda yanki. Ya ke irin wani sandan sanya tsakanin hip ƙasũsuwa.

Yawanci, sacrum kafa ta biyar Fused vertebrae, amma akwai iya zama more, a gaban anomalies kamar sacralisation. Ba ko da yaushe vertebrae Fused a samartaka, wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, ba da wani take hakkin, kuma yawanci a shekaru 25 da duk abin da dama.

sashen sacrum

Yanzu bari mu duba a cikin mafi daki-daki, abin da yake cikin tsarin da sacrum. Anatomy ta nuna dangane da ƙashi na daga cikin lumbar da coccyx. A wannan yanayin, shi kunshi dama sassa:

• gaba da raya saman (facies pelvina, facies dorsalis).
• gefe sassan (pars lateralis).
• wani tushe (akai ossis sacri).
• kokuwa (koli ossis sacri).
• sacral canal (canalis sacralis).

A gaban surface yana da wani concave siffar abin da yake mafi pronounced a wani shugabanci upwardly da downwardly, amma kasa a tarnaƙi. A tsakiyar wata gaban rabo daga sacrum haye 4 giciye memba kafa kujeru vertebrae fe. A garesu na wadannan Lines shirya takware a cikin wani adadin guda 4 daga kowane gefe. Bã su da wani zagaye siffar, directed gaba da laterally kuma a cikin shugabanci daga sama zuwa kasa za ka lura da wani canji a cikin diamita na karami gefen. Ta hanyar wadannan ramuka gudu jini da jijiya endings wanda sune plexus.

A kan raya surface na sacrum tsarin ne halin da kunkuntar convex siffar da roughness. Tare da shi ne biyar fitar kasusuwan jikinsu ridges, wanda aka kafa ta ci daga wasu daga cikin vertebrae. Spinous aiwatar unpaired form tsefe articular matakai ci a cikin tsaka-tsaki ridges, da zangarniya kuma a kaikaice ridges kafa da wannan sunan guda biyu. Wani lokaci duk bumps ci a cikin guda kunya.

A gefe saman na daban-daban tsawo a cikin sama ɓangare, amma suna unci.

Dalili - shi ne kashi cewa yana da wani protruding siffar da kuma m, ta gaba da gaba. A gaban wani ɓangare aka haɗa ta biyar lumbar vertebra cewa Forms irin kabido, da nufin a kafafuwa.

Kokuwa yana da wani m siffar, wanda damar da shi ya zama hanya mafi kyau don ka haɗa da kashi na coccyx.

A tsarin da sacrum da coccyx hada da nassi wanda kara tare da kashi, kuma yana da wata mai lankwasa siffar. Sama da shi aka mika kuma yayi kama da alwatika, da kuma a kasa da aka quntata. Cikinsa da raya bango na tashar zauna unfilled. A tashar sacral plexus jijiya endings located exiting ta ramin.

Ta yaya kafafuwa

Sacrum, shi ne dake kusa da baya, shi ne kawai ɓangare na tsarin wani mutum kafafuwa, duk da jinsi. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi kunshi uku main sassa:

• biyu pelvic ƙasũsuwa,
• sacrum.
• tailbone.

A gaban da kafafuwa kashi biyu nau'i-nau'i suna da alaka da Semi-motsi nesinovialnogo fili. In ba haka ba, wannan sashe ake magana a kai a matsayin symphysis pubis ko pubic symphysis. Bayan waɗannan ƙasusuwa su mãkirci kunne-dimbin yawa siffofin suna a haɗe zuwa wannan hasashe na aitch kashi. A sakamakon haka, wannan take kaiwa ga samuwar nau'i-nau'i daga cikin sacroiliac gidajen abinci.

Bugu da kari, kowane na biyu kasũsuwa, ashe, kazalika da tsarin da kafafuwa, bi da bi, kuma kunshi uku sauran aka gyara:

• iliac.
• ischial.
• pubic.

Bayan kai 16-18-shekara-tsufa, waɗannan ƙasusuwa suna da alaka da juna cartilages. To, akwai wani sauka a hankali waraka daga wadannan abubuwa a cikin wata guda pelvic kashi. A cikin matsanancin surface daga gare yana acetabulum, abin da hidima a matsayin dace wuri don hawa da femoral kai.

A sakamakon haka ne wani zobe ko pelvic rami, inda kayan ciki aka kewaye. A duka tasa ne zuwa kashi biyu sassan: a manyan, fadi (kafafuwa babbar) da kuma kananan, narrower (kafafuwa qananan). Sun rabu da iyakar line, wanda ya wuce ta sacral promontory, da baka na biyu iliac kasũsuwa, ashe, scallops pubic kashi da na sama da iyaka da pubic symphysis.

A sakamakon haka, da pelvic tsarin hada da sashen, inda su ne kayan ciki na zuwa ƙananan ciki - wani babban kwano. Kuma a cikin wani karamin boye dubura da kuma mafitsara. Bugu da kari, akwai wata mahaifa da appendages da kuma cikin farji, a mata. A maza, da sashen kare prostate gland shine yake da seminal vesicles.

Bambance-bambance a pelvic tsarin mata da maza

Yafi bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin da pelvic sashen saboda gaskiyar cewa mace ta jiki da aka saba da haihuwa da yaro. Kamar yadda kafafuwa, in ba haka ba ganinsu, kuma mace sacrum (a tsarin zane da aka gabatar a cikin labarin). Ya fadi da kuma kasa mai lankwasa.

Mace kafafuwa yawa fadi da kuma gajeru ba. Bugu da kari, daban-daban da kuma ramukan: mace rabin da suka kasance yawa fadi, saboda ta hanyar su da yaro. Kuma a lokacin haihuwa da rami ƙaruwa. Sami hip ƙasũsuwa a, mata suna da mafi lankwasa fiye da maza.

aiki

A jikin mu da muhimmiyar rawa da dama a kan sacrum. Features na tsarin ba da damar da shi zuwa ga yin babban aiki na sashin jiki kariya, wanda aka located a cikin pelvic kogo. Amma, a Bugu da kari, shi na samar da sacrum karkata zuwa ga gaskiya mutum kwarangwal. Godiya ga shi, dukan kaya ne a ko'ina rarraba, musamman ta manyan girma da dama a lokacin da tafiya. Tun da vertebrae na sacrum sauran, sa'an nan ku yi da mota aiki, ya iya ba.

murdede tsarin

Sacral sashen iya ba yadda ya kamata cika da aiki ba tare da tsoka kungiyoyin:

• pear.
• iliac.
• barsu.
• gluteal.

A farkon da piriformis tsoka abubuwa kansa sacrum jijiyoyin kuma mafi sciatic foramen. Sun fita daga cikin mutum daure na tsoka zaruruwa, wanda aka sa'an nan a hade, kuma aika zuwa babban trochanter na cinya kashi. Muscle samar da Rotary motsi na hip hadin gwiwa.

Sacrum iliac tsokoki kuma fara da kasũsuwa, ashe, wanda yake da alhakin ta fastening iliac dagi da fovea. Sa'an nan da tsoka da ke hawa zuwa karami trochanter na cinya kashi. Its aiki ne don lankwashewa daga cikin ƙananan reshe.

Barsu tsoka zaruruwa aka shirya a cikin furrows na sacrum, da kuma ke da alhakin lankwasawa da baya da baya.

Gluteal tsoka na'ura fãra daga cikin kashi sacrum da coccyx, ciki har da iliac. Bugu da ari zaruruwa mika har zuwa gluteal tuberosity. A sacral gluteus maximus shi ne mafi girma. Its manufa - wannan juyawa da lankwashewa da ƙananan wata gabar jiki.

Jinin samar sacral

Domin tabbatar da wadata da tsoka zaruruwa aka bayyana ta da sashen hadu wasu jini. A tsarin da sacrum ne cewa pear da gluteal tsoka kungiyar na'am da gina jiki saboda da gluteal jijiya ne zuwa kashi da dama rassan.

By da iliac tsoka zaruruwa dace iliopsoas jijiya. Bugu da kari shi da gudummawa da kuma jijiya, da ambulan na hip kashi. Lumbar arteries samar da iko ga tsoka kungiyoyin shãmakancẽwa ne.

jijiya endings

Good aiki tsoka tsarin ne zai yiwu saboda da jijiya endings. Aiki ilium da piriformis tsoka kungiyoyin sarrafawa da lumbar da sacral plexus. Wannan tsiraru da tabbatar da motsi na kowane hadin gwiwa. Kamar wancan ga iliac fiber gana da lumbar plexus, mai saka idanu ga piriformis jijiya endings sacrum.

A tsarin hada da wani breech sacrum plexus jijiya Kwayoyin cewa sarrafa tsokoki na wannan sunan. Domin innervation multifidus tsoka kungiyoyin alhakin kashin baya jijiya tashoshi.