Halitta bayanai: recessive da rinjaye genes

Mene ne a gene?

Gene - a tsare jerin nucleotides dezoksiribonuklinovoy acid a cikin abin da shigar wanda ke aiki a kayyade bayanai (bayanai game da primary tsarin na gina jiki da kwayoyin). Jigidar halittar DNA - biyu stranded. Kowace daga cikin marũruwa yana da wani takamaiman nucleotide jerin. A farko tsarin da gina jiki, wanda yake shi ne lambar da jerin amino acid, na taka muhimmiyar rawa a hereditary halaye. Don encode bayanai yadda ya kamata da kuma a kai a kai karanta, da gene dole ne wani qaddamarwa codon, ƙarshe codon kuma ji codons kai tsaye encode da ake so amino acid jerin. Codons dokoki uku a jere nucleotides cewa encode wani musamman amino acid. Codons UAA, UAG, UGA ne komai kuma ba code for wani daga cikin data kasance amino acid, a lokacin da karatun kwafi tsari ne tsaya. Sauran codons (a cikin adadin 61 guda) encode amino acid.

Ware da rinjaye da kuma recessive genes. Rinjaye gene - a jerin nucleotides wanda ya samar da wani buɗi na wani musamman alama (ko da abin da irin halittar da ke cikin wannan biyu (nufin recessive ko rinjaye gene)). A recessive gene ne nucleotide jerin, inda magana da wani phenotype alama ne kawai zai yiwu a gaban wata biyu da guda recessive gene.

Irin wannan bayanai za kawai kayyade data cewa za a iya daukar kwayar cutar daga tsara zuwa tsara. Duk da haka, kawai a hade da gene bambance-bambancen karatu dogara magana da wani hali. Idan biyu ne recessive da rinjaye gene, shi zai bayyana phenotypically dukiya shigar wanda ke aiki rinjaye. Kuma kawai bayyana su bayanai idan akwai wani mai hade da biyu recessive genes. Wannan ne, da rinjaye gene cike recessive.

Inda akwai kwayoyin halittu?

Bayani da muke ɗauke da kwayoyin halittu zo daga kakanninta. Wadannan sun hada da ba wai kawai iyaye amma kuma kakaninki da sauran danginsa. Mutane daya-daya gene sa aka kafa a jamsin na maniyyi da kwai, ko kuma wajen - a lokacin da tattara abubuwa masu kyau X kuma Y chromosomes ko biyu X chromosomes. Daga cikin mahaifin iya kawo bayanai zuwa biyu X kuma Y chromosome, yayin da uwarsa - kawai X chromosome.

An sani cewa X chromosome ƙunshi ƙarin bayanai don haka mata ne mafi resistant zuwa cututtuka daban-daban yanayi fiye da namiji yawan jama'a. A ka'idar, da yawan jariri maza da mata ya zama daidai, amma a yi, da boys an haife. A sakamakon haka, a kan tushen da wadannan biyu facts, akwai wani daidaita da wadannan jinsuna biyu. Higher takin gargajiya na namiji yawan mutane, an biya diyya kafin hakan jure daban-daban tsoma, halayyar mata.

kwayoyin aikin injiniya

A halin yanzu muna gudanar da m karatu na kayyade abu. The hanyoyin da kadaici, kuma cloning na mutum genes hybridization. Wannan shi ne - mafi muhimmanci mataki a samar da nan gaba. Irin wannan da hankali ga wannan batu da ya tsokani mai yawa hasashe da kuma tsammanin. Bayan wani cikakken binciken iya taimaka mutãne shirya da kaddarorin da fasali na gaba tsara, don kauce wa da yawa cututtuka da kuma girma gabobin da su da tsarin for dasawa.