A Yuli juyin juya halin da kuma Faransa juyin juya halin na 1830: description, tarihi da kuma sakamakon

A ƙarshen XVIII karni akwai wani babban juyin juya halin a kasar Faransa. A tarzomar shekaru kasance ba yana nufin lumana. The zuwa ga ikon Napoleon da ci, wanda ya ƙare a sakamakon shan kashi bayan da "Ɗari Days" ya kai ga gaskiya cewa nasara iko hõre ta a kasar sabuntawa na Bourbons. Amma a zamanin mulkin Louis XVIII na so ba ragu ba. Dawo da tasiri manya m ga fansa, su za'ayi danniya da 'yan jam'iyyar Republican, kuma shi ne kawai ƙara rura wutar da zanga-zangar. Sarki ya ma m zuwa ko da cikakken magance mafi latsa matsaloli, ya bai iya matsawa kasar gaba ko dai ta fuskar tattalin arziki ko na siyasa. Amma ya rasu ne a 1824, ya kasance na karshe Faransa sarki, wanda aka ba kifar da juyin juya hali ko kuma juyin mulki. Me ya sa, bayan da ya rasu ya faru Yuli juyin juya halin (1830), wanda masana tarihi kira "uku mai daraja kwana"?

Abubuwan da ake bukata Yuli juyin juya halin na 1830: rawar da bourgeoisie

Mene ne Sanadin Yuli juyin juya halin a kasar Faransa? By da 1830s, tsarin jari-hujja a yammacin Turai ƙarfafa matsayinsu. A Ingila, ya kammala da juyin juya halin masana'antu a Faransa da kuma samun saurin bunkasuwar factory samarwa (a cikin wannan girmamawa da kasar gaba na Belgium da kuma Prussia).

Wannan ya kai ga karfafa rinjayar da masana'antu bourgeoisie, wanda yanzu an tsãge domin iko, yayin da gwamnatin ya kare bukatun na musamman aristocratic gonaki, da babban limaman. Wannan yana da wani mummunan sakamako a kan tattalin arziki da ci gaban jihar. Zanga zangar sentiments ƙara rura wutar by m hali na baƙi daga wani aristocratic yanayi, wanda barazanar na maido da pre-neman sauyi domin.

Bugu da kari, da bourgeoisie, kuma a cikin wannan yanayi akwai da yawa 'yan jam'iyyar Republican da ke goyon bayan juyin juya hali, ya m tare da irin rawar da Jesuits a fādar sarki, da gudanarwa, kazalika a makarantu.

A dokar a kan albashin na tsohon mãsu hijira

A 1825, kasar soma wani dokar karkashin wanda baƙi daga tsohon aristocracy samu diyya a cikin adadin game da biliyan daya francs a diyya, cewa shi ne, da kwace ƙasar. Wannan dokar da aka kamata su sake karfafa matsayi na aristocracy a kasar. Amma ya fusatar da kawai biyu azuzuwan - manoma da kuma bourgeoisie. A karshen da aka m da cewa tsabar kudi biya zuwa nobility, a gaskiya, a kudi na rentier, saboda da aka zaci cewa da kudi don wannan hira za su ba da jihar rents daga 5 zuwa 3%, da kuma wannan kai tsaye rinjayar da samun kudin shiga na bourgeoisie.

Soma a lokaci guda "sabo dokokin", wanda ga laifuffukan da addini ne sosai tauri fenariti da aka dauka, kuma ya ƙara rura wutar da ke damunsu da aji, domin shi ga wani koma tsohuwar kwanaki.

A masana'antu rikicin a matsayin da ake bukata kafun ga Yuli juyin juya halin

A Sanadin na Yuli juyin juya halin na 1830 ma sa a gaskiyar cewa a cikin 1826 akwai masana'antu rikicin a kasar. Shi ne mai classic rikicin na overproduction, amma na farko cyclic rikicin da cewa ya fuskanci Faransa bi ta Ingila. Ya aka maye gurbinsu da wani dogon lokaci na ciki. A rikicin ya zo daidai da shekaru da dama na amfanin gona gazawar da cewa ya kara matsayi na bourgeoisie, da ma'aikata da kuma manoma. A cikin birane, mutane da yawa suna fuskantar rashin iyawa to sami aiki a kauyuka - yunwa.

A masana'antu bourgeoisie pinned laifi ga abin da ya faru a kan ikon, zargin da gwamnatin ta cewa saboda high kwastan aikinsu a kan hatsi, da man fetur da kuma albarkatun kasa kudin farashin Faransa kayayyakin da aka girma, kuma su gasa a duniya kasuwanni da dama.

A farko barricades da kuma canje-canje a cikin gwamnati

A 1827, akwai, sai su yi magana, a maimaitawa na juyin juya halin. Sa'an nan, dangane da zaben da na majalisar wakilai a Paris, akwai ba yana nufin lumana da zanga-zanga a aiki-aji unguwannin da aka gina barricades da kuma shiga da 'yan tawayen a wani mummunan adawa da' yan sanda.

A wannan 1827 zaben da yawa kuri'u zira kwallaye masu sassaucin ra'ayi, wanda ya bukaci a fadada daga cikin dokar zabe, gwamnatin lissafi ga majalisar dokokin kasar, da dama zuwa gida kai gwamnati da kuma more. A sakamakon haka, Korol Karl X aka tilasta ƙi ultraroyalistskoe gwamnati. Amma sabuwar gwamnati a karkashin jagorancin Count Martignac, wanda unsuccessfully nemi daidaitawa tsakanin bourgeoisie da nobility, sarki bai so. Kuma ya sake tsayar da gwamnatin, kafa wani sabon hukuma na matsananci da kuma sanya a kai na ya fi so, da Duke na Polignac, wani mutum kishin shi da kaina.

A halin yanzu, tashin hankali a kasar ya karu, kuma canje-canje a cikin gwamnati cewa sun bayar da gudunmawar.

Hukuncen Yuli 26, da kuma kauda tashe na Yarjejeniya 1814

Sarki ya yi ĩmãni da cewa tare da yanayi na rashin amincewa za a iya shawo kan ta tightening yanayin. Kuma ta ashirin da shida a cikin watan Yuli 1830 a cikin jaridar "Monitor" da aka buga hukuncen cewa, a sakamako, soke matsayi na tsarin mulki Yarjejeniya na 1814. Kuma ya kan wadannan yanayi jihar, ci Napoleon farfado da daular mulkinsu a Faransa. Jama'a yarda da waɗannan ka'idodi a matsayin yunkurin juyin mulki. Musamman tun wadannan ayyukan, tauye Faransa na free jama'a cibiyoyin, daidai kamar yadda suka kasance.

Da farko farilla soke 'yancin aikin jarida, da narkar da na biyu majalisar na majalisar, da kuma na uku, a gaskiya, ya wani sabon dokar zabe, bisa ga abin da karu a yawan wakilai, da kuma rage yawan masu jefa kuri'a to wannan bẽne, suka ƙaryata game da dama gyara soma dokokin. A karo na hudu farilla nada a wani bude zaman na Chambers.

A farkon tashin: halin da ake ciki a babban birnin kasar

Sarki ya m in da ikon gwamnati. Babu matakan for yiwu tashin tsakanin talakawa ba sa ran, tun da prefect na 'yan sanda Mangin ce cewa Parisians kuma ba ya motsa. Duke na Polignac yi ĩmãni da shi, saboda na yi tunani cewa mutane in general ne sha'aninsu dabam da za ~ en. Tare da girmamawa ga ƙananan azuzuwan shi, amma da maslahohin bourgeoisie hukuncen shãfe ƙwarai da gaske.

Duk da haka, gwamnatin dauke da cewa bourgeoisie bai yi kuskure ya ɗauki makamai. Saboda haka, a cikin babban birnin kasar akwai kawai 14 dubu sojoji, da kuma ga canja wuri da matakan Paris ƙarin dakarun da aka dauka. Sarki kuwa ya tafi farauta a Rambouillet, inda ya shirya ya tafi gidansa a Saint-Cloud.

Effect hukuncen da kuma zanga-zanga a Palais Royal

Ka'idodi sun zo da hankalin jama'a a lokaci daya. Amma da dauki a gare su yi ƙarfi. A stock musayar fadi da cika fuska hayan. A halin yanzu, 'yan jarida, da kuma wanda tarin wuce a cikin jaridar "constitutionalists", ya yanke shawarar buga wani rashin amincewa da farillansa, da kuma harhada a wani fairly m sharuddan.

A wannan rana kuma, akwai tarurruka na majalisar wakilai. Duk da haka, da suka kasa zo da wasu na kowa yanke shawara da kuma shiga cikin masu zanga-zanga ne kawai a lokacin da ya zama kamar ma cewa tawayen iya cimma burin su. Sha'awa, da hukunci goyon bayan 'yan tawayen. A request na "Tan" jaridar "Courrier Français," da sauransu, da Commercial Kotun da kuma Kotun farko misali da umarnin a bugu gidan a buga a jere lambobin da rubutu na zanga-zanga, saboda hukuncen saba wa Yarjejeniya kuma ba za a iya dauri a kan 'yan ƙasa.

A yamma, ashirin da shida na Yuli a Palais Royal fara zanga-zangar. Masu zanga-zangar karantawa taken "Down tare da ministocin!" The Duke na Polignac, wanda aka hawa cikin karusarsa tare da boulevards, ta hanyar mu'ujiza tsere daga taron.

Abubuwan da suka faru na Yuli 27: barikadi

A Yuli juyin juya halin a Faransa a 1830 ta fara a ranar 27 ga watan Yuli. A wannan rana, typography rufe. Su ma'aikata suka bazama kan titunan, yana jan da sauran ma'aikata da yan sana'a. A townspeople aka tattauna da ka'idodi da aka buga da 'yan jarida zanga-zangar. A daidai wannan lokaci da Parisians koya cewa umurnin da sojoji a babban birnin so Marmont, wanda ya saba yinsu daga cikin mutane. Duk da haka, Marmont bai amince hukuncen da kuma kange shugabanni da kwaɓe su kada su fara harbi muddin 'yan tawayen ba a fara wata musayar wuta, kuma a gun yaƙi ya san akalla hamsin Shots.

A wannan rana a titunan birnin Paris up barricades. By yamma suka fada, da instigators na wanda suka yafi dalibai. Barricades a Saint-Honoré titi da aka dauka sojojin. Amma da tashin ci gaba a cikin birnin, kuma Polignac bayyana cewa Paris ya karkashin kewaye. Sarkin zauna a Saint-Cloud, ba tare da tafiyarsu daga saba jadawalin da hankali boye ãyõyin tashin hankali.

Abubuwan da suka faru na Yuli 28: The tawayen ya ci gaba da

A tarzomar da cike Paris, sun halarci ba kawai ta dalibai da kuma 'yan jarida, amma kuma da tausayin bourgeoisie, ciki har da yan kasuwa. A gefen da 'yan tawayen da kuma sojoji da jami'an - karshen jagoranci gwagwarmaya da makamai. Amma manyan kudi bourgeoisie dauki wani dãko.

Amma ashirin da takwas ranar Yuli, shi ya bayyana cewa tawaye ne mai tartsatsi ne. Shi ne lokacin da yanke shawarar wanda ya shiga.

Abubuwan da suka faru na Yuli 29: da Tuileries da LOUVRE

Kashegari da 'yan tawayen su yi yãƙi kama Tuileries. Sama da shi shi ne wani tricolor tashe a lokacin da Faransa juyin juya halin. Sojojin suka ci. Su aka tilasta koma baya ga sarauta mazaunin Saint-Cloud, amma da dama regiments shiga cikin maharan. A halin yanzu, Parisians fara skirmish da Swiss Guards, mai karfi a baya da colonnade na LOUVRE, da kuma tilasta soja tserewa.

Wadannan abubuwan nuna wakilai, da cewa karfi a gefen 'yan tawaye. Ya yanke shawara da aka sanya da kuma bankers. Suka ɗauki kan jagorancin da nasara tawaye, ciki har da administrative ayyuka da kuma tabbatar da m birni abinci.

Abubuwan da suka faru na Yuli 30: The gwamnati ta ayyuka

Duk da yake a St. Cloud m kokarin tasiri Charles X, bayyana shi da gaskiya Jihar harkokin cikin Paris kafa wani sabon hukuma karkashin jagorancin Duke na Mortemart aka tashe, mai taimako ga Yarjejeniya a 1814. Bourbon daular aka daina ajiye.

Yuli juyin juya halin na 1830, wanda ya fara a matsayin wani tawaye ga hane-hane na abubuwan da yanci da kuma adawa da gwamnati Polignac, ya juya zuwa taken game da kifar da sarki. Gwamnan na mulkin da aka ayyana Duke Louis Filipp Orleansky, da kuma zabi ya kasance kananan - wani jirgin daidai da misali da m bourgeoisie game da yanayin da irin wannan iko ne, ko bauta.

1 ga watan Agusta, Charles X aka tilasta hannu ka'ida. Amma ya abdicated a cikin ni'imar da ya jikan. Duk da haka, bai hana kome ba. Bayan makonni biyu, Charles X da iyalinsa hijira zuwa Ingila, Lui Filipp zama sarki, gano wobbly domin, da ake kira Yuli daular mulkinsu, dade har 1848.

A sakamakon na Yuli juyin juya halin na 1830

Mene ne sakamakon da Yuli juyin juya halin? Don ikon a Faransa zo, a gaskiya, da manyan kudi da'irori. Sun hana kafa na jamhuriyar da zurfafa na juyin juya hali, amma da aka soma more m shatan, wanda rage dukiya cancantar masu jefa} uri'a da kuma fadada hakkin na majalisar wakilai. Su aka iyakance zuwa dama daga cikin Katolika limaman. Ƙara da hakkin ya sami karamar hukumar, amma a karshen duk da ikon a cikin birni majalisarku da har yanzu samu manyan masu biyan haraji. Amma cikin matsananci dokokin da ma'aikata, babu daya tunani don sake.

ускорила восстание в соседней Бельгии, где, впрочем, революционеры выступали за образование самостоятельного государства. Yuli juyin juya halin na 1830 a Faransa ya kara da tawaye a kasar Belgium, inda, duk da haka, yunkuri bayar da shawarwari da samuwar wani zaman kanta a jihar. Revolutionary annobar cutar a Saxony da sauran Jamus jihohi, Poland yi tsaurin kai daga Rasha Empire, da kuma tsananta gwagwarmayar majalisar garambawul a Ingila.