Abin da aka fassara a matsayin hulda coefficient da darajar

A cikin duniya, duk abin da aka juna, wani wuri shi ne a bayyane ga tsirara ido, da kuma a wasu lokuta mutane ba su ma san game da wanzuwar irin wannan dangantaka. Duk da haka, statistics, a lokacin da nufin juna dogara, sau da yawa amfani da Kalmar "hulda". Yana iya sau da yawa a iya samu a cikin tattalin arziki wallafe-wallafe. Bari mu yi kokarin gane abin da yake jigon wannan ra'ayi, abin da suke da dalilai da kuma yadda ya fassara dabi'u samu.

ra'ayi

Saboda haka, abin da yake da hulda? Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan lokaci yakan haifar da wani ilimin kididdiga dangantaka tsakanin biyu ko fiye da sigogi. Idan ka canza darajar daya ko fiye daga gare su, da shi babu makawa rinjayar da darajar da sauransu. Domin ilmin lissafin definition of karfi irin wannan karin dogaro da juna yake ga kowa da amfani da dama dalilai. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin lamarin inda wani canji a daya siga ba ya haifar da wata halitta canji a cikin sauran, amma da tasiri a kan duk wani daga cikin ilimin kididdiga halayyar siga, irin wannan dangantaka shi ne ba a hulda, amma kawai ilimin kididdiga.

Tarihi da kalmar

Domin mafi fahimtar abin da hulda, bari shiga cikin labarin. Wannan kalma ta bayyana a cikin XVIII karni godiya ga kokarin da Faransa masanin binciken burbushin halittu Zhorzha Kyuve. Wannan masanin kimiyyar ya ɓullo da wani da ake kira "dokar hulda" gabobin da kuma sassa na rai ne, wanda ba ka damar mayar da bayyanar da wani tsoho burbushin na dabba, tare da kawai wasu daga ta saura samuwa. A statistics, wannan kalma zo a cikin yin amfani a 1886 tare da haske hannunka na Turanci statistics da kuma masanin halitta Francis Galton. The title sosai da kalmar ya samu da fassararsa: ba kawai, kuma ba kawai sadarwa - «aboki», da kuma dangantaka da juna ne da wani abu shared - «co-aboki». Duk da haka, a fili bayyana shifran cewa wannan hulda iya kawai dalibi Galton, wani masanin halitta da lissafi Karl Pearson (1857 - 1936). Shi ne ya yi farko kawo daidai dabara domin kirga daidai coefficients.

biyu hulda

Saboda haka muna kira da wata dangantaka tsakanin biyu takamaiman dabi'u. Alal misali, an tabbatar da cewa shekara-shekara kudin talla a Amurka suna a hankali alaka da size da} asashensu. An kiyasta cewa tsakanin wadannan dabi'u a cikin lokaci daga 1956 zuwa 1977 bautãwa hulda coefficient ya 0,9699. Wani misali - da yawan ziyara zuwa online store da kuma ƙara da ta tallace-tallace. A kusa da dangantaka samu tsakanin wadannan dabi'u kamar yadda tallace-tallace na giya da iska zazzabi, da talakawan zafin jiki ga wani takamaiman wuri a halin yanzu da kuma gabanin shekara, da sauransu. D. Yadda ya fassara coefficient na biyu hulda? Yanzu, za mu lura cewa yana daukan wani darajar daga -1 zuwa 1, a cikinsa wani mummunan yawan nuna baya, da kuma m - kai tsaye dogara. A ya fi girma naúrar count sakamakon, da girma da girma da tasiri a kan juna. A darajar sifili wakiltar rashin dogaro darajar kasa da 0.5 nuna matalauta, kuma in ba haka ba - to a fili a tsare dangantaka.

Pearson ta hulda

Dangane da abin da sikelin auna canji ga lissafin amfani ga nuna alama (Fechner coefficient Spearman, Kendall da t. D.). Lokacin da yayi nazari tazara dabi'u, da aka fi amfani nuna alama, ƙirƙira Karlom Pirsonom. Wannan rabo nuna mataki na mikakke dangantaka tsakanin biyu sigogi. Lokacin da mutane magana game da huldodi, mafi yawan shi, kuma suna da, a hankali. Wannan nuna alama ya zama haka rare cewa yana da dabara a Excel, kuma zai iya zama sosai m idan kana so ka fahimci abin da hulda ne, ba tare da faruwa a cikin intricacies na hadaddun dabarbari. A ginin kalma da wannan aiki ne daga cikin irin: Pearson (array1, array2). Kamar yadda na farko da na biyu iri-iri na lambobin m kullum sauya jeri.