Addinin Buddha a Rasha. Mutanen Rasha, masu ce addinin Buddha

Addini sarari na Rasha Federation ne quite bambancin. Mamaye wani sosai babban yankin da kuma ha a karkashin ta siyasa iko mai girma da al'ummai da yawa, kuma kabilun, kasar shi ne wani yanki inda akwai daban-daban hadisai da kuma addinai na gabas da yamma, kudu da arewa. Kiristanci da kuma Musulunci - biyu addinai na duniya, kowa a cikin jihar. Tare da su, da kuma na uku da aka wakilta, wanda aka professed da jama'a masu yawa daga Rasha - Buddha. Game da inda wannan addini shi ne prevalent a cikin kasar, kuma za mu yi magana da kara.

Addinin Buddha a Rasha

Addinin Buddha - na musamman da addini, ba sabanin wani. Ciki da daban-daban Buddhist makarantu da igiyoyin ma bambanta ƙwarai. Its asalin zamar masa dole ya addini baiwa daga India, a ƙasarsa ta addinin Buddha rasa da nauyi. Yau, da gargajiya kasashen masu ce addinin Buddha, suna Korea, Japan, China, da Nepal, da kuma wasu, a tsakanin wanda tsaye daga Tibet. Don kwanan wata, addinin Buddha a Rasha an wakilta a kusan dukan manyan Buddhist ƙungiyõyi. Daga cikin su, akwai daban-daban makarantu na Mahayana, Vajrayana, Theravada, Zen, Chan da yawa wasu na gargajiya da kuma ba sosai jam'iyya. Duk da haka, mafi yawan mutane aikatawa addinin Buddha a Rasha, ne mabiya Tibet addini hadisin.

Buddhist Rasha Ethnography

Mun bayar da amsa tambaya: abin da Rasha Buddhist al'ummai yau?

Saboda siyasa da suka faru da kuma Intercultural lambobi, addinin Buddha na farko dauki tushen a cikin Kalmyks da Tuvan. Haka ya faru a cikin XVI karni, a lokacin da ƙasa daga wadannan jamhuriyoyin tare da mutanen da suke zaune a gare su sun kasance 'yan Mongolian jihar Altan Khan. A karni daga baya, addinin Buddha da aka gabatar Buryatia, inda ya samu nasarar gasar da addinin al'ada na Siberian makiyaya - shamanism, ko in ba haka ba tengrizmom.

Addinin Buddha a Buryatia

Buryatia - Jamhuriyar Rasha wadda iyakar fara daga gabashin gaba na Lake Baikal. Ana haɗe zuwa Rasha Empire, shi ne resistant zuwa Russification da Christianization kauce masa. A daya hannun, da kusa da al'adu, kasuwanci da kuma siyasa da Mongolia, kuma ta hanyar da shi tare da Tibet, sanya mashahuri a cikin Buryat Buddhist koyarwarsa. Na farko da dutse datsans nan da aka gina a cikin XVIII karni.

Ko da yake tsakanin Buddha al'ummai Buryats - karshen, wanda ya dauki addini, a yau suka wakilci Buddha masu rinjaye da kuma wakiltar addinin Buddha a Rasha. Buryatia ne administrative cibiyar na Rasha addinin Buddha - Buddhist Traditional Sangha na Rasha, kazalika da babban wuraren bauta da kuma wuraren ibada. Mafi muhimmanci daga wadannan ne Ivilginski haikali - mazaunin Bandido Hambo Lama - ruhaniya shugaban babban ɓangare na Rasha da mabiya addinin Buddha.

Tare da addinin Buddha, daga cikin Buryat wani fairly kowa ne gargajiya shamanism, ko ake kira Chernaya Vera.

Addinin Buddha a Tuva

Tuva, a jumhuriya, da aka soma a cikin Rasha a farkon karni XX, wato a 1911. Tuva yau da'awar wannan tsari a matsayin rukunan cewa Buryats - da Mahayana hadisin addinin Buddah na Tibet. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance ba ko da yaushe: na farko cibiyoyin addinin Buddha koyarwa, yafi a cikin nau'i na Hinayana, a kan ƙasa na Tuva, ya bayyana a cikin II karni BC, lokacin da Turkic khanate. Daga baya Tuvan Jĩkõki, sun kasance Uighurs biyayya kwace ƙasar Tuva Turki. Uighurs professed da Manichaean addini, duk da haka, dandana rinjayar addinin Buddha. Ci gaba da aka rubuta, Ugiranci malamai fara rayayye fassara Buddhist matani daga kasar Sin da kuma Sogdian harsuna. A tsawon lokaci, da tafsirai mayar da hankali a kan Tibet treatises, wanda ƙaddara da kara dominance na Tibet hadisin. Wannan Trend aka karfafa a cikin XIII karni, rinjayar Mongolian malamai suka soma Buddhist al'adar kabilar Tibet lamas.

A farko gidajen da aka gina a Tuva a 1772 da kuma 1773, bi da bi. Ko da yake addinin Buddha al'umma na Tuva sun fi mayar da bãyukansu zuwa layi na Gelug, dauka da zuhudu da limaman, na gida hadisai da izni aure lamas Institute, wanda shi ne ta musamman alama. Kamar yadda a Buryatia, Tuva a kan addini filaye ya kasu kashi biyu sansani - shamanists da mabiya addinin Buddha.

Addinin Buddha a Kalmykia

Kalmykia ne kawai Turai yankin da predominance na addinin Buddha yawan jama'a. Da yake ina da hereditary Yammacin Mongolian kabilan Kalmyk zuri'a ke mayar da su Oirats, ya shiga cikin asirai na addinin Buddha addini a cikin XIII karni godiya ga shigarwa a cikin daular Genghis Khan. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, addinin Buddha shi ne kawai addini na siyasa Elite Oirats. A popularization na koyarwa a tsakanin kowa yawan faruwa ne kawai a XVI-XVII ƙarni. Kuma, kamar yadda a cikin hali na Buryatia da Tuva, Kalmyk addinin Buddha ma da yake riƙe da Tibet addini hadisai. Musamman wannan dangantaka tsakanin Tibet da kuma Kalmykia ƙarfafa bayan fitarwa a farkon XVII karni Oirat yaro degeneration na uku Dalai Lama.

A baza na addinin Buddha tsakanin Oirats yuwuwa ta kafa wararriyar kabilanci Kalmyk. A tsarin da karshe hada Oirat kabilu, rungumi addinin Buddha, ya zaunar da zuwa yamma a cikin Rasha jihar. A daidai wannan lokaci, batun da Rasha sarki, Kalmyks kafa da kansa management - Kalmyk Khanate. A karshen dade har 1771, a lõkacin da umurnin Empress Catherine II, an soke. A nan gaba, da Kalmyk addinin Buddha raya, samu kasa dabiu da kuma, kamar Buryat da Tuva Sangha jagoranci wani addini gwagwarmaya tare da shamanism.

Addinin Buddha a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin na addinin Buddha a Rasha ya batun da nan-gaye ruhaniya trends - renovationism. Kira na Dharma da Markisanci aka yi nufi ga sake tsara da Buddhist al'umma. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan yunkuri a Moscow ranar 20-ies. Ko da aka gudanar da All-Russian Buddhist Council. Amma sai jam'iyyar ta siyasa canza da kuma dangane da addinai, da kungiyoyin fara taro danniya. Gidajen da aka rufe, ya hallaka haikalin da kuma limaman tsananta. Har da post-yaki "narke" mutanen Rasha, masu ce addinin Buddha, mun rasa fiye da 150 gidajen lama. A Buryatia daga 15,000 lamas ta 1948 akalla mutane 600 zauna. Game da Tuva da Kalmykia, sa'an nan duka biyu yankuna, akwai kawai 'yan dozin tsira daga limaman daga 8000.

Mutanen Rasha suke yin addinin Buddha a yau

Kafin Perestroika Buddhist jiki bunkasa ayyukan Buddhist kungiyoyin, CBB ya Tarayyar Soviet (Tsakiya Ruhaniya Administration na mabiya addinin Buddha na da Tarayyar Soviet). A farkon 90s aka sake masa suna cikin CBB Rasha. Yanzu wannan jiki ne da ake kira Buddhist Traditional Sangha na Rasha da kuma ya hada da a cikin membobinsu da Buddhist al'umma na Buryatia. Kungiyoyin addini Tuva da Kalmykia kasance m. Duk da haka, BTSR dalĩli a Buryatia da kuma kasashen waje gane ba duka. A sakamakon siyasa da akida da bambance-bambance Buddhist Society ya halartar jerin tsãgewar ƙwãyar da kuma babban ƙungiyoyi yana da dama m ƙungiyoyi da kuma zaman kanta al'ummomi.

A cikin wani hali, addinin Buddha a Rasha an wakilta, kamar yadda kafin, da uku da manyan yankuna - Buryatia, Tuva da Kalmykia.

Sauran Buddhist al'ummomi a Rasha

Traditional Peoples na Rasha, da mabiya addinin Buddha a yau ba kawai mãsu bãyar da Buddhist da al'adu da kuma hadisai. Kwanan nan, wani addini yawa popularized a cikin matasa da kuma kawo dukkan. A manyan birane ci gaba da bude daban-daban addini cibiyoyin. Daga gare su, a cikin Bugu da kari gargajiya makarantu addinin Buddah na Tibet, akwai ofisoshin na Korean, Sin da kuma Japan Zen addinin Buddha, Theravada da Dzogchen. Rasha a baya 'yan shekaru, ziyarci ruhaniya da yawa malamai. Bi da bi, mu compatriots kasance kuma da wakilan da Buddhist sufaye da limaman.

ƙarshe

Fashion na addinin Buddha a Rasha ne ba musamman, da kuma a cikin wannan ma'ana, kasar mu hannun jari na kowa Turai laya daga cikin Gabas. Sau da yawa, da sayen a yawa, m buddofiliya hasarar a quality, wanda shi ne fraught tare da yaduwar surface, m bambance-bambancen na addinin Buddha a Rasha.

A daidai wannan lokaci, addinin Buddha - wani addini a Rasha ne kamar yadda gargajiya kamar yadda Kiristanci da kuma Musulunci. Saboda haka, ta matsayi da kuma nan gaba ra'ayoyi na bayar da muhimmanci ga nasara ci gaban Rasha al'adu.