Al'ada fasalin halayen. Mene ne kudi na dauki?

A pathological Physiology na kullum ne matching da muhimmancin Manuniya a fagen ilimin halittar jiki, Biochemistry, kuma aiki na jikin mutum. All su iya bambanta dangane da ingancin muhalli. A al'ada jihar na da nazarin halittu tsarin daidai adapts kusan duk wani yanayi, wanda ke nufin ta da cikakken lamarinsa.

Gamsuwar aikace-aikace irin nazarin halittu tsarin yana nufin matsakaicin yi na m ayyuka a ƙaramar makamashi kudin. Yanayin jiki ne ko da yaushe zai yiwu domin sanin, dangane da bangare na kudi na halayen.

Bambanci tsakanin al'ada da kuma mahaukaci halayen

The yiwu kewayon bambancin da kwayoyin halaye, wanda shi ne kai tsaye dogara a kan yanayi - da cewa shi ne kudi na dauki. Pathology aka dauke a jihar da kasa ko wuce kima mataki na dauki a nazarin halittu matakin. Al'ada halayen iya zama daban-daban.

Wahala a fassara wadannan Concepts ne na canzawa daga aikin da na rayuwa sigogi - ya dogara a kan mutum yanayin jiki. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokacin da ci gaban da pathological tsari akwai ko da yaushe wani dauki da kuma lalacewar kariya. Akwai sau lokacin da wadannan alamu reincarnate cikin juna.

Kowa ya sani cewa kiwon lafiya da ake kira jihar da-kasancewa tare da jiki, ruhi da kudi ra'ayi, ba kawai babu cuta ko waje lahani. Mutane da yawa gwaje-gwaje da allurar rigakafin hana wani cikakken kima na jikin mutum. Kullum na dauki - shi ne wani muhimmin ɓangare na ganewar asali.

Mene ne Pirke gwajin (Mantoux)

All yara yi "a button" bayan shekara ta fari ta rayuwa, sa'an nan duk wannan hanya ne a makaranta. Samfurin aka dauka don gwada jikin mutum ga gaban tarin fuka bacilli. Mantoux gwajin ne m da size da kumburi a allura shafin. A fata nan da nan bayan da gwajin, za ka iya ganin wani kadan hangula - shi ne mai takamaiman dauki ga allura, tuberculin. Wannan tsari ne ya sa ta m mataki na T lymphocytes - wadannan jini barbashi alhakin tsarin na rigakafi a salon salula matakin. Jigon da gwajin ne cewa gabatarwar mycobacteria ne maganadisu ga amfani microorganisms, motsi su kusa nesa da fata surface. More sau da yawa fiye da ba amsa ga tuberculin kawai lymphocytes, "saba" tare da tarin fuka maganin bangaren. A gaban da kwayoyin bacillus Koch dauki zai zama m. Haka kuma, a cikin wannan yanayin, da gwajin yana da wani sakamakon tabbatacce.

daidaito na gwajin

Kumburi daga cikin gabatarwar da tuberculin dauke da wani irin rashin lafiyan tsari. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa tabbatacce samfurori ba hujja da wanzuwar cutar - shi ne shawarar da za su gudanar more cikakken nazarin, kamar kirji x-haskoki da sputum. Kawai bayan samu dukkan bukata data, likitoci za su iya gano ainihin cutar.

Norma a cikin halayen yara da kuma manya suna da za'ayi Pirke samfurin ne muhimmanci daban-daban a size. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa mazan tsara wuya wuce da gwajin don tarin fuka.

Mantoux gwajin: al'ada adult

Kafin nada da samfurin Pirke gwani gudanar da wani na farko jarrabawa. Idan akwai alamun cutar a cikin wannan hanya, amma mafi kwararru amfani da X-haskoki za a iya yi a matsayin bincike adult.

Za a iya bambanta Mantoux gwajin. Al'ada adult - papule, wanda size bai wuce 21 mm. A gwajin da aka amfani da su gano cutar da marasa lafiya, amma ba rashin lafiya. An sani cewa mutum girma iya samun tarin fuka idan uri na Mantu, don haka a mafi m hanya domin sanin ko kirji X-ray an dauke.

gadar hali

Da dalilai da dama na iya canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar yanayi. Ga wani musamman kwayoyin iya zama daban-daban rates na dauki hali, amma shi bai taba ke bayan da kullum. Alal misali, tsawo, nauyi da kuma ta jiki ƙarfi iya dogara a kan ingancin abinci, da kuma zomo Jawo launi gaji. A wasu kalmomin, kwayoyin gada ba wasu halaye da kuma ikon zartar da wasu daga cikin kaddarorin a da dama yanayi. Daga tsara zuwa tsara dauki Saide kullum halayyar.

A canzawa na gyara irin

Wide dauki kullum - wannan shi ne gwada yawa dabiu sarrafawa da polygenes (nauyi, ingancin madara, fata pigmentation). Filin canzawa za a iya bambanta. Kunkuntar dauki kullum characterizes sauran kaddarorin da kuma aka modified sosai kadan (jini irin ko ido launi).

Zai yiwu dauki na fitsari

Babban factor Pathology an rage ko kara acidity (PH). Norma uric yanayi lura a cikin yin amfani da dama abinci. A wannan yanayin, da dauki aka dauke su tsaka tsaki (PH = 7) ko dan kadan acidic (PH dabam daga 5 zuwa 7). Wadannan Manuniya aka yi amfani da nazari na manya da yara suke ciyar da wani gauraye rage cin abinci. All reno jariran da suke ciyar da a kan madara, yana da wani tsaka tsaki ko alkaline dauki. A acidity dogara a kan abinci. Lokacin da alkaline shi za a iya kammala a kan amfani da manyan yawa na kayan lambu, soda ko burodi. Acidity ya auku bayan ingestion na gina jiki da kuma m abinci, da fari gurasa, da kuma saboda wani dogon abstinence daga abinci. The yiwuwar daban-daban dauki na fitsari, da kudi a wannan lokaci ne ma canza.

Da yawa daga cikin fitsari

A halin yanzu ma, shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci a cikin binciken. A mutum ne da lafiya idan Figures Range daga 1003 zuwa 1028 raka'a. A wannan yanayin, da canja kudi na dauki - wannan shi ne daga 1001 zuwa 1040. A cikin canje-canje shafi dace rage cin abinci da kuma yin amfani da isasshen yawa na ruwa. A karuwa a yi ya dogara da yin amfani da nama, iko, amai ko zawo. yawa karu za a iya alaka da cin ganyayyaki.

Ma'ana kwayoyin abubuwa a cikin fitsari

Wadannan kwayoyin suna halayyar bambancin dokoki. Urinalysis ba likitoci da cikakken hoto na bukata adadin kwayoyin halitta. Mafi sau da yawa gano irin aka gyara kamar yadda:

• gina jiki.
• bilirubin.
• glucose.
• urobilin.
• cholic acid irin (pigments).
• Indican.
• ketone jikinsu.

Wadannan nazarin halittu abubuwa za a iya ƙaddara a hanyoyi daban-daban. Yau, da aka fi amfani da irin sarrafa kansa analyzers da kuma gwajin tube. Nau'i na farko shi ne iya nan da nan nuna maida hankali nazarin halittu abubuwa, da kuma na biyu Hanyar da aka yi amfani da kawai domin kayyade nunawa da kuma samar da wani mayar da martani a cikin nau'i na "wanzu / offline kwayoyin tsarin a fitsari". Kullum a cikin kama kima da lafiya da mutum zai iya zama mai gina jiki (0.03 grams) da kuma urobilinogen (6-10 micromol per day). All sauran na sama abubuwa a cikin fitsari ba ya nan, in ba haka ba shi ya nuna gaban cuta. Akwai ko da yaushe aka ware, kamar nauyi kaya, hypothermia ko zafi fiye da kima, da} arfin motsin zuciyarmu - duk da sauƙi tsokani wani karuwa a cikin furotin to 3-5 g, amma kuma ya nuna cewa da dauki na fitsari ne na al'ada. Kara matakin wannan kashi da shi na iya har yanzu za a sa da manyan adadin erythrocytes, leukocytes ko kwayoyin.

A precipitate a cikin fitsari

Lokacin da aka kammala cikin kayyade jiki Properties daga cikin kayan da aka dauka a cikinta da kuma gaban kwayoyin abubuwa suna aiki a wani musamman ruwa yara. A sakamakon precipitate gudanar da bincike a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje karkashin wani hange. Irin wannan tsari ya taimaka domin sanin ainihin yawan wadannan halittu abubuwa, leukocytes, erythrocytes, cylinders, epithelium, gishiri lu'ulu'u, slime kwayoyin.

Bayani game da kwayoyin abubuwa a cikin fitsari laka

A general analysis bada cikakken hoto na abun ciki a cikin jikin daban-daban abubuwa, da yawan abin da yake da sauki gane gaban wata cuta.

leukocytes

A kullum na farin jini Kwayoyin a wani m mutum yana dauke su:

• 0-3 - for maza.
• 0-5 - a mata.

Idan fitsari samfurin da aka lura da wani gagarumin karuwa a cikin kwayoyin abubuwa na bayanai, yana da hadari don a san da kasancewar kumburi a cikin jikin mutum.

erythrocytes

A babu cuta abubuwa ba su lura a sakamakon pellet ko Kwayoyin ba daya. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa akwai pathological da kuma physiological haddasawa daga cikin wadannan abubuwa. Na farko zaži ake dangantawa da cututtuka na genitourinary tsarin. Physiological haddasawa ne: matsanancin motsa jiki. dogon tsaye jihar. samun shan kwayoyin sulfa ko anticoagulant kwayoyi rubuta. Irin wannan zabin nufin canji dokoki da kuma ba ko da yaushe nuna gaban cuta.

cylinders

Wadannan abubuwa ne da wadannan:

• hyaline.
• granular.
• waxy.
• epithelial.
• leukocyte.
• erythrocyte.

Duk na sama abubuwa, ban da na farko, ya zama ba ya nan a cikin fitsari laka. Cylinders hyaline irin na iya faruwa a wani lafiyayyen mutum ƙarƙashin rinjayar:

• Ruwan sanyi (shawa, mai zuba, da dai sauransu ...).
• jiki tsari.
• karuwa.
• aiki a high yanayin zafi (zafi iri samar, da zafi yanayin waje).

A cikin wadannan lokuta, da abu gano ba a dauke a Pathology, da kuma halin da aka saba da hawa da sauka, a cikin wannan yanayin ma, ana aiwatar da manufar "al'ada halayen".

epithelium

A kullum a cikin urinary laka ne a sami guda cell, yawanci a adadi daidai da uku. Wadannan iri Bio-data:

• urethral jirgin sama (mafitsara).
• mi} a mulki, located in kodan, ureters da kuma mafitsara.
• koda.

A rashin na farko kiwon lafiya a matakan mata iya samun wani ƙara matakin na squamous epithelium. Mafi sau da yawa, an karuwa a yawan Kwayoyin nuna gaban Pathology. Da ya faru na koda epithelial iri iya nuna cuta.

slime

Norma gamsai abun ciki a cikin m mutane - ta rashi. Aukuwa kashi nuna gaban Pathology a cikin urinary tsarin gabobin.

kwayoyin cuta

A urinary laka ne mai al'ada lafiya mutum babu kwayoyin cuta, da ya faru na wanda mai yiwuwa ne kawai a lokacin da cututtuka a haihuwa tsarin.

Salts a cikin bincike

A urinary laka ne da wadannan nau'o'in halittu abubuwa: oxalate, urate, trippelfosfaty. A bayyanar lu'ulu'u a kima za a iya shafa da canje-canje a rage cin abinci ko acidity na dauka abu cinye ruwa adadin, kuma mafi. Alal misali, a manyan yawan sabo ne tumatir a abinci take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar da oxalates a cikin fitsari. M amfani da cakulan, da ruwan inabi (ja) nama da take kaiwa zuwa urate. Wasu gishiri lu'ulu'u fada cikin laka kawai a wani acidic muhalli, kuma akwai abubuwa da suka faru a gabaɗaya a alkaline. Daga wannan shi ya bi cewa canji na acidity a cikin urinary matsakaici ne masomin da crystallization na salts. Kafin cewa, su aka gaba daya narkar da aka ba gano a cikin analysis.

Bayan karanta wannan abu, za ka iya amsa wannan tambaya tare da yaƙĩni abin da al'adar dauki.