Alapayevsk shahidai. Rana harbi daga gidan sararta. Canonization kuma fi

Alapayevsk shahidai kira mutane takwas (shida na Romanovs kuma su biyu kusa), laifi Bolsheviks kashe Yuli 18, 1918. Shin 'yan'uwa, shugabannin na sarki jini Constantinovici (Yahaya Constantine da Igor), Vladimir Paley, Sergey Vladimirovich,' yar'uwar da Empress Elizaveta Feodorovna kuma Nun Varvara da mataimakin na daya daga cikin sarakunan Feodor Remez. Dukkan su sun hana rayukansu zuwa dare na gaba bayan da harbi daga gidan sararta na Nicholas II.

Mahada Romanovs da Urals

Nan da nan bayan zuwan su da iko, da Bolsheviks fara ware da tsohon gidan sarauta. Townsfolk aka fi sani ga ban tausayi rabo daga Nicholas II, matarsa da 'ya'yansa. Duk da haka, ko da bayan biyu juyin a Rasha ya mai yawa da Romanov iyali da kuma a Bugu da kari ga abdicated monarch. A farkon shekarar 1918, Tarayyar Soviet gwamnati suna rikita batun. Ya ci gaba da yaki tare da Jamus, da kuma Jamus sojojin da aka gabatowa biyu dajiya. A wannan gangami halin da ake ciki, da Bolshevik shugabannin yanke shawarar a kan tilas kõre Romanovs a cikin kasar, don haka ba su iya haduwa a counter-juyin juya halin.

A karshen watan Maris na shekarar 1918, kusan duk Alapayevsk shahidai da aka aika zuwa Vyatka. Waɗannan su ne shugabannin Constantine, da Yahaya, da Igor Konstantinovich Vladimir Pavlovich kuma Sergei Mikhailovich. Ba da da ewa dukkan su aka canjawa wuri zuwa Ekaterinburg. A rabo daga zaman talala gudanar da gida Ural Bolsheviks, wanda ya karbi kai tsaye umarnin daga gwamnati a Moscow da kuma Petrograd.

A kama na Grand Duchess

A May 1918, a kan umarni na farko Al'arshi Dzerzhinsky Latvian riflemen detachment da kuma jami'an tsaro da kama Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna. Sister na Empress Alexandra aka tsare a cikin shi dangane da Marfo-Mariinsky Convent. Elizabeth Feodorovna ɓad da duk abin da kudi a kan halittar sufi bayan da 1905 'yan ta'adda suka kashe mijinta - Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich.

A kama ya faru a rana ta uku na Easter. Domin rabin sa'a kafin Latvian Riflemen sufi da aka ziyarci da sabon zabe sarki Tikhon. Ya yi kokarin sakin Grand Duchess, duk da haka, duk da kome, Elizabeth Feodorovna da ta mataimakin Varvara Yakovleva aika zuwa Yekaterinburg. Da shi shi ne na karshe zaman a kan 'yancin wakilin tsohon hukuncin gidan. Focussing da Romanovs a cikin Urals wani shirin kaiwa mataki. Bolshevik jagorancin nema ya aika su a wuri guda don haka da cewa idan ya cancanta ya fi sauƙi ga a jefa makomar mambobi na daular Qing.

Way to Alapaevsk

Afrilu 30 Ekaterinburg kawo Nicholas II, da matarsa da daya daga 'ya'yansa mata, da Maryamu. Makonni biyu daga baya ya isa a birnin na sauran 'yan iyali da monarch. A Bolsheviks tsoron da yawa daga cikin Romanovs a cikin birnin da kuma yanke shawarar resettle su. Mayu 20 Alapayevsk shahidai zo a Alapayevsk, shi ne 146 kilomita daga Ekaterinburg.

A shekarar 1918 kuwa shi ne 10000th gari tare da shekaru 200 na tarihi. The yarjejeniya da aka daya daga cikin na farko-haife na Ural metallurgy Peter I. Alapaevsk da aka ma da ɗan mazan Yekaterinburg. Mafi yawansu duk ya san daga cikin iri yin rufi baƙin ƙarfe, kerarre a gida shuka. City tuntubi Yekaterinburg da Nizhniy Tagil railway.

Telegrams zuwa Moscow

Zaman talala da aka sanya a cikin makaranta a kan karkata daga cikin gari. Da farko, sun ji dadin zumunta da 'yanci - iya tafiya a kan Alapaevsk, je coci, to dace kuma kada ka damu game da su lafiya. Romanovs sau da yawa Allaha a cikin lambu, karya a kusa da makaranta, inda suke son zuwa sha shayi. Warai addini, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Fyodorovna yi addu'a mai yawa.

The maza mallakar matsayinsa tare da wasu shakatawa. Musamman ba karai matasa sarakuna Constantinovici da Vladimir Paley. Ƙararrawa doke kawai Sergei Mikhailovich. Kafin aika a Alapaevsk, ya aika da sakon waya ga disgruntled Lenin da Sverdlov sunan. A cikin sakon da babban shugaba koka da ya rheumatism kuma harsh sauyin yanayi, tambayar fassara shi zuwa Vyatka da Vologda. Ya sakon waya da aka yi watsi da.

Duba fitar Helena Petrovna

A karshe watanni ransa Alapayevsk shahidai da aka gudanar a cikin makaranta da ginin, wanda kunshi biyu kananan da hudu manyan dakuna. Suka sa tare da wani na kowa corridor. Bugu da kari ga Romanovs, a cikin makaranta da aka sanya a kan wajibi gadi daga Red Army.

Kusurwa dakin shagaltar da John K. da matarsa Helena Petrovna. Ta kasance 'yar Serbian sarki Peter I. Tun Helena Petrovna ya ba Romanova, da Bolsheviks bai kama ta. Wife aikin ya tafi gudun hijira bayan da mijinta. Jim kadan kafin maha? Ar Alapayevsk bala'i, ta tafi zuwa Moscow zuwa jidali domin tunkuɗe a saki da Romanovs.

Yuli 7 Helena Petrovna, aka kama a Yekaterinburg. A rabo daga mijinta, ta ba shared kawai ta Serbian ofishin jakadancin, diplomasiyya levers an haɗa ka da Soviet gwamnatin matsa lamba. Bayan rasuwar mijinta Helena Petrovna iya psychoneurosis koma Moscow. Ba da da ewa ta bar Rasha.

A tightening na tsare gwamnatin

A cikin dare na Yuni 13, 1918, da Bolsheviks kashe Michael, wanda ya yi aiki a Perm mahada. The kisan kiyashin da aka rufe a labari game da kokarin da kane na Nicholas II gudu. Ba da da ewa amsa kuwa Permian taron da kuma samu da sauran Romanovs. Alapayevsk shahidai kasance a ƙarƙashin fi kula. su tsare gwamnatin kasance wani tsari na girma tougher. Romanov kwace duk sirri mallakarmu: tufafi, kudi, zinariya. Fursunoni bar kawai dress, m sets na tufafi da takalma. Mu'amala da kuma yawo a kusa da birnin da aka dakatar, rage muhimmanci da abincin sojoji.

Mamaki cak sun zama sananne. A matsayi na Romanov daular a Alapaevsk ɓullo da wannan labari kamar yadda a cikin kwanaki na arshe na rayuwar Mikhail Alexandrovich da kuma Nicholas II. Idan kafin gadi yi girman yadda ya kamata ya isa, yanzu ta zama matsananci da m. Har a wannan lokaci tare da babban shugabanninmu su ne kashin kaji, da kuma Elizabeth Feodorovna aka tare da nuns. Wannan suite aka umurce su da su bar Alapaevsk.

A harbi na Nicholas II ta iyali

Kashewar Mikhail Alexandrovich shi ne na farko a jerin kashe-kashen da Romanovs, shirya da Bolsheviks. Jim kadan bayan mutuwar Grand Duke zo da rana da kisa da sarauta iyali. Nicholas II da iyalinsa aka sa a cikin gidan Ipatiev. A cikin dare na Yuli 17, 1918 The na mallaka iyali da aka aika zuwa ginshiki, inda harbe-harben tawagar bude wuta a kan shi. Kafin cewa, kwamandan Yakov Yurovsky ya karanta fitar da hukuncin kisa. By fragmented tunaninsu na scene, Nikolai kawai gudanar ya tambaye: "Abin?" Ko "A" Sarki bai fahimci abin da aka faruwa, da kuma na gaba na biyu Yurovsky ba da umarni, da kuma rasstrelschiki bude wuta.

Romanov yara da aka kashe a lokaci daya. An yi imani da cewa karshen mutu Tsarevich Alexei. Ma'aikata Cheka domin amincewa su bi su wadanda da su bayonets. Ko kafin harbi da Ipatiev gidan koro wani musamman shirye truck, a cikin abin da jiki da kuma wa lodi. Su da aka binne a waje da birnin. Wannan dare Alapayevsk shahidai sun rai har yanzu. A yanke shawara game da su ƙaddara, da Bolsheviks dauki gobe.

Kisa a nawa

Grand shugabannai bai sani game da kisan da Mikhail Alexandrovich da wana. Rana harbi daga gidan sararta, a Alapaevsk ya, kamar yadda ya saba. A cikin dare na Yuli 18 ga gina makarantu, wanda dauke da Romanovs isa mutane, ya sanar da gaggawa bukatar je wani wuri saboda da barazana da harin jirgin sama (yakin basasa). Mata suka yi dukan abin da muka roƙe su. Romanov hannuwa daura da kuma rufe musu idanu. Domin zaman talala shirya musamman kuraye. A kamfanin na maza ba kome ya tafi ya smoothly. Duke Sergei Mikhailovich ƙi yin biyayya. Ya aka harbe a hannu da kuma tilasta shi a cikin karusarsa. Brothers Constantinovici da Vladimir Paley juriya ba a bayar.

A kuraye da Romanovs tafi a waje da birnin. Wajen da su Tashoshi ne m nawa Lower Selimskaja. Shafi tsararru kai ga zuriya a cikin daya daga cikin shika mahakar. Bugu da ari fassarar lũbũru diverge. A cewar daya daga version, da Romanovs aka kashe da kuma jefa shi a cikin fuska riga ya mutu. A kan wasu, da fursunoni stunned gatari sa'an nan tura a cikin zurfin jãhilci. An sani cewa nawa ya jefa gurneti. Bayan haka, da rami cika da rajistan ayyukan da ya rufe da ƙasa.

bincike Kolchak

A yanayi na mutuwa da Romanov (da kuma tawa a Alapaevsk, da kuma a cikin gidan Ipatiev) an san fari, a takaice kafa ikon a cikin Urals a lokacin yakin basasa. A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1918, da Bolsheviks rasa iko da Yekaterinburg. Bayan mutuwar sarauta iyali da aka gurfanar. Admiral Alexander Kolchak dauki da gudanar da bincike a karkashin sirri iko.

Ba da da ewa gudanar ya gano mahalarta na kisan kusa Alapaevsk. Daya daga cikinsu shi mai Bolshevik Vasily Ryabov, wanda ya ba da muhimmanci da shaidar da gudanar da bincike. Rami haƙa. Jihar na da gawawwakin ya nuna cewa ba duk da shahidai Alapaevsk nawa ya mutu nan da nan. Saboda haka, jiki Vladimira Paleya zauna a zaune matsayi. Prince John K. aka bandaged kashi wimple Elizabeth Feodorovna. Bugu da kari, a cikin kewaye kauyuka na dogon lokaci shi aka yayatawa cewa bayan kisan kiyashin da a yi watsi da nawa yanki iya ji da muffled sauti na sallah.

The labari na sace daga cikin sarakunan

Ural Bolsheviks yanke shawarar rufe up zãluncinsa allura, misinformation. Kashegari bayan bace Duke Konstantin Romanov da sauransu, duk a kan Alapaevsk ruwaito sace kõre fata. A wannan version aka kare a wani sakon waya aika da gida kwamitin zartarwa a Yekaterinburg.

Bisa ga wannan bayani da aka tushen sakon Sverdlov, Uritsky da Zinoviev. Ba da da ewa bayan Bolshevik matsayi tsara da hukuma view of lamarin. An bayar da rahoton cewa fararen fata ba ne kawai sata cikin Romanovs, amma kuma kashe daya daga cikin masu gadi. Domin gani dramatizations game da makaranta bar gawar wani ba a sani ba, wanda har wasu lokaci aka kwance a dakin ajiye gawa. Bayan da "bacewar" na Romanov Red Army zuwa saitaccen shirin, sun bude wuta da tashe ƙararrawa, simulating hari fata. A watan daga baya da Soviet hukumomi da za'ayi wani bincike na wannan episode, wanda, ba shakka, to, bai wadãtar ba.

A rabo daga ragowar

A cikin watan Yuni 1919 da Red Army kaddamar da wani counter-m a kan Yekaterinburg. A Rasha Orthodox Church yanke shawarar aika makarar samu a cikin saura daga cikin Romanov alapayevskoy nawa zuwa gabas. Lokacin da ya bayyana cewa yakin basasa da aka rasa, suka koma China. Makarar binne shi a Beijing Haikali. Bayan yakin duniya na II ya da iko a kasar Sin zo zuwa gurguzu. Rector garu ya zauna haka da cewa su waƙoƙi da aka gaba daya rasa. Sin Ibada na Rasha Orthodox Church aka zarar hallaka. Ko da a cikin zamani zamanin, Rasha masana musamman zo Beijing don samun ragowar na Romanovs, amma duk yunkurin ƙare a kome.

A lokacin da rayuwar Elizabeth Feodorovna ta ce cewa ta so a binne shi a qasa mai tsarki. Saboda haka, a 1920, ta saura kaisu daga Beijing zuwa Palestine. Au Grand Duchess - shahidi Nun Varvara - kuma tsiwirwirinsu na karshe da zaman lafiya a Urushalima.

canonization

A shekarar 1981, ya rasu a wani mine kusa Alapaevsk aka canonized da Rasha Orthodox Church kasashen waje. Na dogon lokaci akwai wata tambaya game da irin wannan hanya a mahaifarsa. Rasha Orthodox Church canonized kawai biyu Alapayevsk shahidai (Elizavetu Fedorovnu kuma Nun Varvara). A canonization ya faru, a 1992, bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta ruguje.

fi

Daga baya da na aikin ra'ayi na Tarayyar Soviet da gaisuwa ga al'adar Romanovs aka kashe da cewa mutuwarsu sakamakon arbitrariness na Ural Bolsheviks da kuma ma'aikata. A Soviet gwamnati cikin ta zama ba, ki gane cewa da kisan kai a Alapaevsk, Perm da Yekaterinburg aka qaddamar a sosai saman gwamnati. Modern bincike da kuma watsuwar da takardun ya nuna cewa matsalar da aka warware Romanov da kaina da Lenin da Sverdlov.

Prince Igor K. da sauransu kashe kusa Alapaevsk dogon lokaci ba a gyara. Kan aiwatar da dawowar su suna fara a lokacin da shugaban na House of Romanov Maria Vladimirovna, ya yi aikace-aikace da Janar m ofishin na Rasha Federation. A m yanke shawara a kan fi da aka yi da hukumar 8 Yuni, 2009. A rahoton da m Janar ya lura cewa Romanovs kuma su kimanin Cheka zama wadanda ke fama da aikata laifuka.