Yakov Yurovsky: biography, photos, a zuriyarsu, inda ya binne

Yakov Yurovsky, wanda biography zai zama topic na mu na yau labarin, shi ne a Rasha neman sauyi, Soviet jihar da kuma shugabannin jam'iyya, tsaro jami'in. Ya kai tsaye dubawa da kisan Nicholas II, na karshe Rasha sarki da iyalinsa.

farkon shekaru

Yakov Mihaylovich Yurovsky (ya real name kuma patronymic - Yankel Haimovich) da aka haife kan 7 (19) a watan Yuni 1878 a Kainskaya Tomsk lardin (Kuibyshev tun 1935). Ya ya na takwas na goma yara, da kuma girma a babban Yahudawa aiki-aji iyali.

Tsohuwarsa a seamstress, mahaifinsa - a glazier. Yakov ya a yan makaranta a gundumar da kogin, da kuma fara koyon sana'a tun 1890. Sa'an nan, ya yi aiki a matsayin almajiri a Tomsk, Tobolsk, Feodosia, Ekaterinodar, Batumi.

A farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci da ayyukan

Domin neman sauyi aiki Yakov Yurovsky (hoton da ke ƙasa) shiga a Tomsk, a 1905. Akwai wasu na hali shaida cewa ya fara dauki bangare a cikin yãƙi kungiyoyin na Bund, kuma bayan haka, kamar ya kusa aboki Sverdlov shiga cikin Bolsheviks.

Yurovsky rarraba akidar Karl Marx adabi, kazalika da wani boye bugu tura ya kasa, an tilasta wa barin Rasha da kuma zauna a Berlin, inda ya tafi zuwa Lutheranism, tare da dukan iyalin ( 'ya'ya uku da kuma matarsa, Maria Yakovlevna).

makõma take

A 1912, Yakubu ba bisa ƙa'ida ba koma zuwa Rasha, amma sai aka sa ido saukar da kama jamiái na asirin 'yan sanda. Yurovsky for "cutarwa ayyuka" da aka fitar daga Tomsk, amma ya aka yarda ka zabi wani wurin zama. Saboda haka ya sami kansa a cikin Yekaterinburg.

A cikin Urals birnin Yakov Yurovsky hour da kuma bude wani buga shop, kuma, kamar yadda shi da kansa ya bayyana shi a matsayin "carped Gendarmerie", tilasta fursunoni dauki hotuna da kuma m mutane. Amma duk da haka a lokaci guda ya shagon ya dakin gwaje-gwaje don samar da takardar fasfot na Bolsheviks.

Yurovsky a 1916 aka kira su bauta a matsayin likita mataimakin a wani asibiti a garin. Sai ya wãyi gari wani soja a cikin aiki taro agitator. Bayan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin na Yakubu sayar da buga shagon da kuma shirya da kudi ga Bolshevik bugu gidan da ake kira "Ural ma'aikacin". Jurowski ya zama wani shahararren Bolshevik, memba na majalisar Sojoji 'da ma'aikata, daya daga cikin shugabannin da juyin juya halin a Urals.

A harbi daga gidan sararta

A cikin tarihi na Yakov Yurovsky ya shiga a matsayin shugaba da kuma daya daga cikin babban mahalarta a cikin kisan da kisan Tsar Nicholas II da iyalinsa. A watan Yuli na shekarar 1918 aka nada Kwamandan Ipatiev gidan, kuma shi ne shawarar da Ural Majalisar a kan dare na 16th of Yuli 17 nan da nan ya jagoranci kisa da kisa da sarauta iyali.

Akwai version cewa Yakov Yurovsky ga harbi da aka musamman daftarin aiki, wanda ya hada da wani jerin executioners. Duk da haka, sakamakon da tarihi da bincike ya nuna cewa irin wannan daftarin aiki bayar a lokacin wani Austria, wani tsohon fursuna na yaki IP Meyer kuma aka buga a 1984 E. E. Alferevym a Amurka, mafi m ƙirƙira shi, kuma ba ya nuna wannan jerin mahalarta a cikin harbi.

afterlife

Lokacin da Yuli 25, 1918 a Ekaterinburg hada da fari, Yakov Yurovsky koma Moscow da kuma zama memba na Moscow Cheka, kazalika da shugaban gundumar Cheka. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Ekaterinburg Bolsheviks, ya aka nada shugaban Ural GubChK. Jurowski zaunar kusan a gaban harbe-harben gida - a wani arziki qasaita Agushevicha. A 1921 ya aka aiko shugaban sashen zinariya zuwa Gokhran domin "kawo dabi'u adana akwai a Jihar liquidity."

Sai Yakubu ya yi aiki a cikin kasashen waje musayar gwamnati na harkokin waje, inda ya kasance shugaban cinikayya sashen, kuma a shekarar 1923 aka nada mataimakin darektan da shuka "Krasny Bogatyr". An fara daga 1928, ya yi aiki Jurowski Director na Moscow Polytechnic Museum. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1938 daga perforation na duodenal miki (official version).

Yakov Yurovsky: zuriyarsu

A Yurovsky shi da wani babban iyali. Tare da matarsa, suka haifi 'ya' ya'ya uku: 'yar Rima (1898), dan Alexander (1904) da kuma Eugene (1909). Suka zauna kage, kiyaye bayinsa. A cikin ilimin daga zurriyar da shugaban iyali, kullum tsunduma a cikin sabis, ba musamman da hannu, amma a yanayin saukan abin da aka tsananin azãba ba. Duk magada sun samu mafi girma ilimi.

Yakov ƙaunar 'yar - mai kyau almajiri, da baki-masu gashi kyakkyawa. Ta ba shi da wani jikan, Anatoly. Amma, a fili, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, zuriyar da biya domin zunuban kakanninsu. Duk da jikoki Yurovsky na banrazana daidaituwa mutu (daya aka ƙone a wuta, wani guba namomin kaza, uku rataye, wani ya fadi daga kan rufin zubar), da kuma 'yan mata suna duk mutu tun suna jarirai. Toll jikan, ƙaunataccen kakan mutu kawai tuki a mota.

Cũta ta kãma kuma Rima. Ta manyan Komsomol himmar aiki, a 1935, aka kama shi kuma aika zuwa ga Karaganda sansanin fursunonin siyasa. Inda ta bauta wa wani lokaci har 1946. Ta rasu a shekara ta 1980.

Alexander ya dan Rear Admiral na Navy. A shekarar 1952, an repressed, amma nan da nan, a lokacin da Stalin ya rasu, aka saki. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1986.

Ƙaramin ɗan wani siyasa jami'in a cikin Navy, Kanar. Ya mutu a shekara ta 1977.

Inda ya binne Yakov Yurovsky

Duba a banza, gama wurin da jana'izar zama abin ƙyãma "juyin juya halin gwarzo" a kan m Metropolitan graveyards - Vagankovsky, Novodevichy ... Ga wani dogon lokaci da aka ba a san inda kabarin Yakova Yurovskogo. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, jikinsa da aka cremated, kuma a hankali ya ɓoye cikin akwatin jefa kuri'a tare da toka daga prying idanu a kan wani fanni na da hurumi - a spetskolumbarii a New Donskoy hurumi a Moscow ta tarihi gundumar.

Akwai shaida da cewa wannan raba kabarin-columbarium aka shirya godiya ga Paul Daugeh assertiveness - shahararren jam'iyyar memba da farko mahaliccin Orrick. Sanye take wuri «VIP-burials" a wani tsohon coci. A Stalin ta wuya sau nan aka sanya urns dauke da tokar manyan mutane suka gudanar a hanyar mu'ujiza tsira cike da danniya da kuma mutu a halitta mutuwa.

Mutane da yawa Kwayoyin ne yanzu "m" kamar yadda tam hananna a gilashin fogged up daga cikin bango da kuma rufe opaque shafi, wanda ba ya bar wani abu a ga.

A cikin zurfin da zane a cikin alkuki ne biyu urns labulen da ja da baki makoki qwarai, saboda haka cewa ya nuna babu inscriptions. Ya zauna Yurovsky da matarsa. Kwalaye a kusa da - 'yan wucin gadi furanni da iri na zane - a kusa da bayyane sakaci, shi ne m cewa dumping ba gyara.

An ce da wuta Yana share duk burbushi. Amma ga regicide, wanda saura su ne a spetskolumbarii, wannan dokar ba aiki: shi ba zai gano bace. A lokacin, Yurovsky yi dukan abin da boye har abada jikin fadar iyali, amma nasa kabari a karshen da aka hankali boye daga jama'a. Tsohon gwarzo Kwamishinan yanzu har abada juya a cikin wani pariah.