Ivan Bohun - Zaporizhia kanar na soja. History of Ukraine

Daga cikin generals, wanda ya jagoranci a tsakiyar XVII karni gwagwarmaya na Zaporizhzhya Cossacks kan Yaren mutanen Poland shiga tsakani, cikin shahararrun Kanar Ivan Bohun. A wannan lokaci da wuya domin motherland ya tabbatar da kansa ba kawai a matsayin gaskiya Bakan'ane, amma kuma a matsayin mai hazaka soja shugaban, iya gudanar da ayyukan a cikin filin da kuma a cikin tsaro na birane. Mutane da yawa daga cikin ayyukan da za'ayi da suka shiga cikin tarihin tarihi da kuma zama wani irin wata littafi domin nan gaba kwamandojin.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka aka boye a tarihi

Tarihi ya ba kiyaye da sahihan bayanai game da yara da kuma farkon shekaru na rayuwa. Ko da ranar haihuwa da aka sani kawai kamar. An yi imani da cewa nan gaba da aka haife Kanar a 1618 a Bratslav. Ko da sunan shi ne jayayya tsakanin masu bincike. Wasu gani da shi a matsayin wani sunan barkwanci, tun da kalmar "Bohun" in Ukrainian nufi da iyakacin duniya na bushewa raga. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa matasa na Ivan wuce a cikin Wild Field - steppe yankin tsakanin Dniester da Don.

Fara daga sabis da Mahaifa, mahaifiyata

A farkon shirin gaskiya shaida daga Ivan Bohun nufi ga nasa bangare a cikin tarzomar da ta Hetman gentry, karkashin jagorancin shugaban Zaporozhye Cossacks Yakubu Ostryanina. Sunansa ne ma da nasaba da sanannen episode na gwagwarmayar kasa 'yancin kai - Azov wurin zama. Cikin shekaru biyar (1637 - 1642) tare da Cossacks Don Cossacks tsayayya da Baturke sojojin Sultan Ibrahim, da kewaye da birnin na Azov. A wannan jaruntakar tsaro Cossack detachment a karkashin umurnin Bohun kariya daga makiya yana kokarin muhimmanci yanki - Borevskuyu mararraba na Seversky Donets.

A lokacin da a 1648 tawaye ya barke a karkashin jagorancin Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, ya sa ta karfafa da Polish mulkin gargajiya da zalunci da gata akan rage Cossack Ivan Bohun yana daga cikin shugabanninta. A shekara daga baya, kamar yadda Vinnitsa kanar, ya kai shekaru da dama na tsaro a kan Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin Vinnitsa da Bratslav. A nan, tare da m ikon bayyana ya jagoranci da basira da cewa a yarda da shi, tare da goyon bayan farar hula, yawan na birnin, ta samu gagarumar nasara.

Berestetskaya yaƙi da yaƙin neman zaɓe a Moldova

A gaba episode daga m soja hanya ya yaƙi tsakanin sojojin na cikin Zaporozhye Cossacks da sojojin na Commonwealth, ya faru a farkon watan Yuni 1651 a garin Berestechko a kan Styr River. A wannan yaki, da Cossacks, m masõya Tatars suka ci, amma saboda Bohun sun iya mayalwaci fita daga cikin yanayi da kuma ci gaba da yaki. Zaba jim kadan kafin hetman, ya bambanta kansa a matsayin mai hikima da kuma basira shugaban.

A 1653 da Cossack sojojin karkashin umurnin Ivana Boguna da Timofeya Hmelnitskogo - dan Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, sanya mai tafiya zuwa Moldova. Wannan aiki ya ƙare da mutuwar dan hetman na Zaporizhzhya Cossack sojoji da kuma shan kashi. Da zarar a wani sosai wuya halin da ake ciki, Bohun gudanar mayalwaci janye dakarunta daga yanayi, da kuma dauki jikin Timoti. Up har zuwa karshen na gaba, 1654, ya halarci yawa kamfen da dakarun na Commonwealth, da kuma shigar da su a cikin Union of Tatar sojojin. Babban wuraren da ayyukan soji a wannan lokaci sun Bratslavshchina da Uman.

A goyon bayan 'yancin kai da Zaporizhzhya sojojin

An sani cewa Ivan Bohun wani m abokin gaba na wani ƙoƙari na nuna bambanci da yancin Cossack 'yancin walwala. Wannan shi ne dalilin da musamman korau hali ga Bogdanom Hmelnitskim aka sanya hannu a cikin watan Satumba 1651 Belotserkovskii duniya. By shiga wannan yarjejeniya tare da Dogayen sanda, Ukrainian Cossacks hetman hana duk gata, samar da su a cikin shakka daga wani m tawaye a 1648.

Saboda wannan dalili Bohun ya da abokin gaba da rapprochement tare da Moscow. Lokacin a 1654 a Pereyaslavl aka popularly yanke shawarar ƙasa jam'iyya, wanda sarrafawa da Zaporozhian watsa shiri, tare da Rasha, Vinnytsia kanar bai halarci taron ba da majalisar dokokin kasar da kuma ba su kawo tare da duk rantsuwar Rasha Tsar. Lokacin da Bogdan Khmelnitsky mutu Bohun kowane ƙarfafawa daga Hetman Ivana Vygovskogo da Yuriya Hmelnitskogo a kokarin da suke tsayar da 'yancin kai na Cossacks a magance batutuwan da suka shafi cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje da manufofin. Amma a lokaci guda, ya tone su a yunkurin rapprochement tare da gargajiya makiyan Cossacks - Poland da kuma Turkey.

Maris a Poland da kuma dalilin gazawar

A 1656 wani gagarumin Cossack samuwar karkashin umurnin hetman Anton Zhdanovicha jajirce yawa watanni hari a kan ƙasa na Poland. Its manufarsa shine a taimaka wa Wallachian da kuma Yaren mutanen Sweden sojojin, manyan fama ayyukan da raka'a na Yaren mutanen Poland sarki. Daga cikin sauran kwamandojin ya Ivan Bohun. Bayar da damar gudanar da hanya da wuta da takobi, da Cossacks kai Krakow, Warsaw da Brest. Amma sai wani abu ya faru m: da Cossacks, tun koya cewa yaƙin neman zaɓe faruwa ba tare da ta amsa na Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, wanda suka yi rantsuwa, suka ƙi su ci gaba da yaki. A sakamakon haka, dubban sojoji a lokacin rani na 1657 ya koma Hetman.

Makiya Vygovskogo yarjejeniya

Bayan shekaru biyu akwai wani taron warai cin mutunci da m ji na Ivana Boguna. A watan Satumba 1658 a birnin Gadyach yarjejeniyar da aka sanya hannu tsakanin hetman Ivanom Vygovskim da kuma Poland. A cewar wannan takarda, da dukan ƙasar Zaporizhia Army ya kamata ya zama wani ɓangare na Commonwealth a kan hakkin na uku memba na wata huldar ƙungiyar na Poland da kuma Lithuania. Wannan alfãsha ba don samun karfi, kamar yadda aka ba su tabbatar da Polish Sejm.

Duk da haka, ya sa aka tashe tawaye Bohun da magoya bayansa da Vygovskogo. A sakamakon haka, a m na kasa da bukatun da aka ci kuma tilasta musu gudu zuwa Poland. Hakazalika, Vinnytsia Kanar ya iya yin tsayayya da kuma Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu, ya sa hannu a 1660 Slaboschensky rubutun, infringes hakkokin da Cossacks.

soja aiki faɗuwar rana

A shekara daga baya, ya zama wani kanar Bohun Duchy na Lithuania, da kuma a 1661, ya koma kasarsa, ya taka rawa tare da Yuriem Hmelnitskim a cikin yaƙi biyu Rasha kwamandojin - Gregory da Gregory Kosagova Ramodanovskogo. A cikin wadannan fadace-fadace soja nasara jũya baya daga gare shi. Don yin al'amura muni, a cikin gajeren lokaci da aka kama Dogayen sanda.

Bayan shafe wasu lokaci a kurkuku, ya aka saki da Sarki, amma tare da sharadin cewa shi zai dauki bangare a cikin su yaƙi gāba da Hagu Bank. A Yana Kazimira shirin ya zuwa wuta da takobi don ci duk gida yawan daga Kiev zuwa Novgorod Seversky. Tare da nauyi zuciya cewa ya shiga wannan yakin na Ivan Bohun, amma ya zabi ya yi ba.

'Yan adawa ga Dogayen sanda, da kuma ban tausayi mutuwa

Tarihi ya nuna cewa tun a farkon kwanaki na Cossack kanar fara dõmin cũta da Dogayen sanda, da kuma sa kowane kokarin tsoma baki tare da su tsare-tsaren. A lokaci guda, shi kare da halakar birnin, suka ci a karkashin umurnin raka'a. Kamar yadda sojojin Yana Kazimira ba shi da isasshen karfi domin haifar da ƙungiyoyin sojojinsa a shagaltar da yankuna, a sakamakon wannan yunkuri ya zama mazaunan yawa ƙauyuka wanzuwa da ci gaban regiments.

Lokacin Commonwealth sojojin kewaye Glukhov, Ivan Bohun sanya kowane kokarin samar da taimako ga mazauna. Tun da ya kasance memba na soja majalisa na Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin, ya san duk cikakkun bayanai na zuwa hadari, wadda ya ba da kare birnin. Bugu da kari to muhimmanci sarrafawa bayanai, ya ya iya sumoga da kewaye hannun jari na gunpowder da nuclei. Ya tsare-tsaren hada da ko da wani mamaki kai hari daga raya na Dogayen sanda, a lokacin da za su iya amfani da su fāɗa wa birnin.

Amma, abin takaici, a kan wannan harkokinsa suka sanar da sarki, wanda ya yi umurni da nan da nan aka kama na Bohun. Ba da da ewa da wani taro na filin soja kotu, wanda yanke Cossack kanar da kuma da dama daga cikin magoya bayan mutuwa. A jumla aka kashe nan da nan. Haka ya faru a ranar 17 ga watan Fabrairu, 1664. Kamar wancan mutu da dakarun Zaporizhzhya gwarzo Ivan Bohun, wanda biography ne inextricably nasaba da gwagwarmaya da Hetman na Yaren mutanen Poland invaders.

Ukraine ya kiyaye da memory na m yaro. Bayan juyin juya hali, da rajimanti, umarta ta Nikolai Shchors, aka mai suna Bogunovskim. An suna bayan Kiev Soja lyceum. A birane da yawa na Ukraine Ivan Bohun mai suna tituna, da kuma, a 2007, da National Ukrainian banki bayar da tsabar kudin da ya image. Ƙwaƙwalwar na gwarzo kuma kiyaye su a cikin wani folded a masa mutunci da rare Ukrainian jama'a song.