Ipatiev House a Yekaterinburg. A harbi daga gidan sararta a cikin gidan Ipatiev

Ekaterinburg ne suka shahara a duniya kamar yadda wani birni a cikin abin da Bolsheviks damƙar harbe da iyali na Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II. A karshe wuri na gidan yari da kuma kisa na monarch, matarsa da 'ya'yansa da aka zaba Ipatiev House. A adireshin to wanda shi aka located (Voznesensky Prospekt, 49/9), a yau tuna da yawa yan unguwa, amma in gaya maka yadda ginin kanta dubi iya ba duk. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda gidan, wanda ya ciyar da sauran rayuwarsa sarauta iyali, aka rushe a shekarar 1977. Yau da shi kawai tuna tsohon hotunan da kuma rare kayayyakin gargajiya a Yekaterinburg gidajen tarihi.

m daidaituwa

Nazarin tarihin na Rasha sarauta iyali, za ka lura da mai ban sha'awa al'amari. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, wanda ya zama kafa na Romanov daular, aka zayyana mulkin Rasha a watan Maris 1613 bayan wani bikin gudanar a Ipatiev sufi kusa Kostroma. Amma abin da za a rubuta a kan, haddasa yawa m. A karshe wakilin wannan irin monarch, Nicholas II, tare da dukan iyali a watan Yuli na shekarar 1918, aka kashe a cikin Ipatiev gidan a Yekaterinburg. Bayan haka, Romanov daular daina wanzuwa.

Me Ipatiev gidan?

The sufi da wannan sunan, wanda aka sanya albarka a kan jirgin Mikhail Fedorovich, da kuma gidan inda harbi Nicholas II da iyalinsa, a cikin Soviet lokaci shi ne kawai wani daidaituwa. Amma da yake da gaske haka? Modern masana tarihi yi imani da cewa gidan Ipatiev Nicholas Nikolaevich da Bolsheviks sun zaba a matsayin shafin da na yanke hukuncin kisa ba tare da dalili, kuma ba hujja da ya ka'idar kyau dalilai.

Bayan da abdication a watan Maris 1917 daga kursiyin da na karshe Rasha sarkin da iyalinsa aka fitar da su Tobolsk. Babu wani abu da ya hana Bolsheviks ƙi su magance tare da monarch a cikin wannan Siberian birni, amma saboda wasu dalilai da suka tafi da shi zuwa Ekaterinburg. Duk da manyan yawan gine-gine, domin azãba ya kuma an zabe a wata hanya ƙwarai gidan m Ipatiev. Wasu zamani masana tarihi yi imani da cewa dalilin wannan zabi shi da idon sani na Nicholas Roerich Peter Voykova - Kwamishinan da Ural Bolsheviks Board aka kai tsaye da hannu a shirya harbi daga gidan sararta.

A 1913 aka yi bikin 300th tunawa da Romanov daular a Rasha, Ipatievsky sufi da aka daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin na idi. Sunansa shi ne a kan kowa na lebe, don haka a lokacin da Bolsheviks zaɓi da iyali ta sarauta yanke hukuncin kisa Ipatiev House a Yekaterinburg, suna iya yi shi thoughtfully da gangan, ba da yadawa kisan wani symbolism.

A farko mai na qasaita

Rashin lafiya-fated gidan da aka gina a cikin marigayi 80-ies na XIX karni matsayin hako ma'adinai injiniya, a jihar councilor Ivan Redikortsevym. Sanya ga su nan gaba kadarori, sai ya zaɓi yammacin gangaren dutsen Hawan Yesu zuwa sama. A gidan da aka gina da wani ra'ayi na ƙasa. Da gabashin gefen wani daya-labarin. A nan ne babban ƙofar gini, da dakuna da kuma ginshiki da damar manyan zuwa kudancin facade na gidan gona. A yamma da gidan kunshi biyu benaye da wani veranda. Da nisa daga ginin ne 18 m, da kuma tsawon - 31 m Yana da aka gina tare da sabuwar fasahar :. Akwai wutar lantarki, ruwa, Sewerage da tarho. Dakuna na gidan duba arziki: su ganuwar yi wa ado da stucco da kuma jefa baƙin ƙarfe da simintin da kuma m zanen da aka amfani da wa rufi.

Redikortsevu aka ba ƙaddara ta zama dogon mai shi na qasaita. Saboda kudi matsaloli a 1898 ya sayar Estate na Gold Sharavevu. Bayan shekaru 10, da gidan canza hannayensu a sake, wannan lokaci shi ne wani yakin m Nikolai Ipatiev. Iyalinsa zauna a dakunan a hawa na biyu. A cikin gabatarwa, located a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na ginin, ya bude ofishinsa Ipatyev kwangila aiki.

A isowa daga gidan sararta zuwa Estate

By domin na Ural Majalisar a watan Afrilu 1918, Ipatiev House aka requisitioned. A Bolsheviks ya ba da mai kwana biyu a wanda ya bar gidan. Tun Nikolai Nikolaevich a wannan lokaci shi ba a Yekaterinburg, ya na sirri mallakarmu duka aka rushe a cikin ajiya dakin, wadda ke kusa da ginshiki, inda 'yan watanni na Romanovs aka harba. Bayan requisitioning Estate da aka kewaye da wani biyu shinge, cikin karkararta kafa matsara posts, da kuma sanya a gaban daga mai gadi. Tun daga nan kuma har zuwa kisa da sarki, da Bolsheviks kira da House na Estate manufa ta musamman.

Kama da monarch da iyalinsa suna kawo wa Ipatiev House a Yekaterinburg a rana ta ƙarshe Afrilu 1918. Tare da su zo gidan da m 5 mutane tallafawa ma'aikata: likita E. Botkin footman Trupp A. baranya Demidova, dafa Kharitonov GI da mataimakansa L. Sednov. Nicholas II tare da mata da kuma yara sanya shi a cikin biyu dab da dakuna dake a cikin gabashin ɓangare na ginin. Nan da nan a karkashin wadannan wurare wani ginshiki. A cikin cin abinci dakin housed da baranya na Empress, kuma a cikin zauren - likita da kuma wani lackey. da dama posts tare da matsara da aka Fitted a cikin ginin. Don zuwa gidan wanka ko wanka, fursunonin manufa ta musamman gidaje da wuce kariya.

harbi

Estate Ipatief sarauta iyali, tare da fādawan ya ciyar a karshe 78 kwanakin ransa. Late da yamma Yuli 16, 1918 da Romanovs ya tafi ya kwanta, kamar yadda ya saba, a 22.30. A daren da aka tada kuma gaya wa gangarawa zuwa cikin cellar na Ipatiev House. A lokacin da duk bakwai mambobi ne na Romanov iyali, kazalika 4 persons bayin (mataimakin shugaba Sednova L. ya ba daga gare su, saboda rana kafin ya aka cire daga gidan) sun kasance a cikin ginshiki, ya karanta fitar da hukunci, kuma nan da nan bayan haka harbe.

A kara rabo daga cikin gidan

A 'yan kwanaki bayan da harbi da aka aikata Romanovs a Yekaterinburg zo fata. House sake shige cikin mallaki Ipatiev, amma ya rayu a shi quite a bit kuma suka yi hijira daga kasar. Bayan haka, gidan da aka located hedkwatar shugaban Siberian Army Janar Radoly Guides. A shekara daga baya, birnin da aka sake a karkashin iko da Bolsheviks. Ipatiev House ya zama hedkwatar Red Army.

A m shekaru, da qasaita housed daban-daban ofisoshin. A cikin shekaru 1927-1938 can aka rantsar da Museum na juyin juya halin. Ya baƙi nuna ba kawai cikin yankunan da gidan, amma da ginshiki, wanda aka sanya da kisa da Romanovs. A cikin 30 na gidan juya a cikin wani anti-da addini, da al'adu da kuma ilimi gidan kayan gargajiya, sa'an nan zuwa ga Board na cẽwa, wani reshe na Cibiyar Al'adu, jam'iyyar archives. A lokacin yakin a cikin Ipatiev gidan aka sa kwashe daga Birnin Leningrad, ya hermitage nuni. A postwar lokaci akwai sake bude jam'iyyar archive, sa'an nan ginin da aka mika wa lardin Department of Culture, da kuma ya sanã'anta a cibiyar horaswa a nan. housed "Sayuzdruk" Management a wani sashi na qasaita. A cikin ginshiki na gidan da aka sanye take da wani sito. A 1974 ginin ya zama daya daga cikin tarihi Monuments na kasar muhimmanci.

Rushe gine-gine

A cikin tsakiyar 70-ies na XX karni Soviet gwamnati sosai damuwa game da ƙara hankali daga kasashen waje zuwa gidan m Ipatiev. A shekarar 1978, kawai 2 da aka shirya a kusa da kwanakin: da 110th ranar tunawa da haihuwar Nikolaya Romanova, da kuma shekaru 60 tun lokacin da ya yi kisan kai. Domin kauce wa da talla a kusa da gidan Ipatiev, KGB Shugaban Yuri Andropov sanya wani tsari don ta rushe. A karshe yanke shawara a kan halakar da qasaita dauki Boris Yeltsin, wanda aka nada na farko sakataren Sverdlovsk yankin kwamitin jam'iyyar kwaminis.

Ipatiev House, ya tsaya domin kusan shekaru 90, an kone a kasa a watan Satumba 1977. Don wannan karshen, da hallaka dauki 3 kwanaki, wani injin buldoza da wani ball-baba. A pretext domin lalata ginin da aka habarta maimaitawa na gari. Yau, a kan site inda da zarar ya tsaya da Ipatiev gidan, hasumiyai Church na jini. Townspeople gina shi a cikin memory na kashe sarki da iyalinsa.