Cosmonaut Komarova Vladimira Mihaylovicha mutuwa. "Soyuz-1"

Game da kasawa a cikin sarari flights a Soviet sau cewa shi ba a karɓa, ko da boye da yawa facts. Vladimir Komarov aka kashe, wannan Hero na Tarayyar Soviet, xan sama jannatin ne da kasar koya nan da nan. Space a farko mataki na ci gaba da ya kasance kusan m, kuma jirãge sunã da yawa flaws, shortcomings da zanen kaya.

Sadaukarwa saboda na sarari bincike a cikin Soviet lokaci

Sunayen da yawa heroes da 'yan saman jannati an san duk, amma nawa ne har yanzu ba a sani ba zuwa ga wani mutane, wanda sana'a ne sarari, da wanda rayuwa da aka yanka a takaice kawai a cikin sama.

The mutuwar cosmonaut Komarov ya kasance daya daga incommensurable hadayu ga gabansa da iyaka sarari. Ya, kamar sauran babban Masters, ya ba da dalili na bayan, kishin kansa ga bincike da kuma gano amsoshin tambayoyi da mutãne ya dade tambayi.

A farko m lokuta

Kamar yadda Vladimir Komarov biography wanda ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman, ya mutu a irin wannan yanayi a Valentin Bondarenko spaceflight. Mutuwarsa ne na farko a cikin ci gaban da sarari bude sarari: wani xan sama jannatin ƙone da rai a shekarar 1961, yayin da a cikin kadaici jam'iyya a wata kimiyya institute a lokacin horo motsa jiki. A gwarzo da aka shirya don zama wani xan sama jannatin, za su yi nazarin. Bala'i sun buga. Lokacin da unhitching likita na'urori masu auna sigina a jiki, ya goge jikinsa auduga swab tsoma a barasa, wanda ya barke, bugawa na gaba tsaye hita. Kamara, oxygenated, da haske, da wuta da sauri yada a wani kewaye sarari. A harshen wuta yada wa tufafin, wanda nan da nan ya barke. Jannati, ya bude kofa a kan lokaci, karbi buga da konewa m da rai, ya mutu nan take.

Wannan yanayin ne da farko don a bayyane da aka ba a sanya jama'a da gwamnatin da Tarayyar Soviet. Amma ya zama darasi ga hukumomin da dalili ba zayyana kumbon sama jannati a yankunan tare da cikakken oxygen.

Daga baya, a irin wannan hanya da kuma a karkashin irin wannan hali kashe wani uku 'yan saman jannati daga Amirka, kuma idan ba a halin asiri na farko ban tausayi aukuwa a tarihin astronautics, wannan hadarin ya iya an kauce masa.

Game da jannati, ƙone da rai yayin da saukowa

"Soyuz-1", ya dawo da mu duniya 23 Afrilu 1967 fado saboda gazawar da laima tsarin. A mutuwa na cosmonaut Komarov a lokacin wani gwajin da jirgin ya wani koma baya ne ga dukan Soviet kasar. Hakika, da farko gabatar da aka ba da cikakken tunanin fitar da gudanar da bincike. Unmanned yanayin ne m, kuma saboda haka akwai kasawa. A shekara kafin wannan lamarin, 28 ga watan Nuwamba, 1966, hadarin saukowa daga madawwama biyu sanya farko atomatik "Soyuz-1" da "Cosmos-133", kamar yadda aka ruwaito su TASS. A kadan daga baya, a watan Disamba na wannan shekara, ya yi hadari saboda halakar da ƙaddamar kushin, "Soyuz-2".

A kananan bango na bala'i da Komarov

Amma Soviet gwamnatin so sabon nasarori a sarari, da kuma cikin sauri, an yanke shawarar shirya roka domin jefa ta May 1, ko da yake matsaloli da ta ke da isasshen. Bayan koya game da yawan matsaloli, xan sama jannatin, tsara don tashi a sararin samaniya, unwell, ta ƙara jini, kuma ya dauki ga gadonsa. Ya aka sanya wa wani gwajin, Vladimir Mihaylovich Komarov, gogaggen kuma horar da matukan jirgin, wanda ya kasance a cikin sarari guda a matsayin madadin tare da Yuriem Gagarinym a watan Afrilu 1966.

Ta yaya shi duka ya faru a gaskiya?

Bayan da saki da ya shiga jirgi zuwa sarari suKe saboda matsaloli Komarov aka yanke shawarar gaggawa yin saukowa, amma shi ba zai yiwu a kauce wa wani bala'i. Wannan al'amari ya sake boye. The Encyclopedia ya ce cewa jirgin da aka ci nasara, da kuma shirin da aka kashe. Version zahiri yana da 'yan. Daya daga cikinsu - da sakaci na sakawa, wanda aka hakowa da wani rami a allo, gama ba ya iya samun dama na naúra, shi zira kwallaye a sakamakon da karfe Disc. M narke bugawa da m yanayi Layer a lokacin saukarsa daga jirgin, da kuma iska ya shiga yanayi jam'iyya. Halittawa matsin da ya matsawa da ganga tare da wata laima fito da kuma nuna cewa ya gaza. Akwai wani sabon bala'i.

Last minti kafin mutuwa na gwarzo-jannati

jannati Komarov ta mutuwa ya kusan makawa. Ya ya iya saki da ajiye laima, amma ya aka zarar sõmammu a sakamakon farko lamba tare da Lines. Iya tsira kusan a can, da kuma duk na sakawa ta sakaci, m otnesshiysya aikinsu.

A lokacin saukarsa da na'ura buga ƙasa da kuma matukin jirgin Komarov mutu.

Ka tuna ko da yaushe: wanda shi ne ya zargi ga abin da ya faru?

Alhakin laima tsarin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya kan Minaviaproma. Version na abin da ya faru ya kasance suka busa quite daban-daban: cewa gilashin rufe da parachutes cikin harbi, bugawa da saukarsa a cikin rarefied yanayi na jirgin. Saboda kaifi matsa lamba drop gilashin maras kyau, da kuma saboda shi aka gina a cikin ikon yinsa, daga cikin na'ura, sa'an nan pinched babban laima. A lokacin saukarsa a high gudun daidaita inji fara da a lamba tare da kasa fadi.

A wurin da hadarin ya faru ne ake kira Adamovsky District Orenburg yankin. A kauyen Karabutak tun shigar da wani commemorative tunawa hadaddun, wanda zo a kowace shekara a ranar 23 ga Afrilu zuwa ambaci auku gwarzo. A steppe karkashin Orsk farko ya bayyana da farko obelisk Yuni 11, 1967. Its kafuwa, ya shirya da abokan aiki na da marigayin jannati.

Tarihi yana sanar da kõme ba, kõ yaya ba maimaita kura-kuran da

A kadan daga baya, a watan Yuni na shekarar 1971, akwai wani bala'i a sarari - mutuwar uku haruffa: Victor Patsaeva, Vladislav Volkov da Georgy Dobrovolsky, a lokacin da suka zo duniya tare da tashar sararin samaniya "Soyuz-1". Sa'an nan sha wahala a rushewar "Soyuz-1" kumbon sama jannati. A 'yan saman jannati sun tsayawar-ins, wanda ya tashi a maimakon na babban ƙungiya daga Valery Kubasov, Petrom Kolodinym da Alekseem Leonovym. Dalilin mutuwa - mu sabon burinsu Soviet yan siyasa.

Shan wani alama daga Amirkawa ke tashi zuwa da watã a kan wani 3-seater abin hawa, da hukumomi sun yanke shawarar cewa mu bukatun kawai mutane uku zuwa tashi. Idan biyu ya tashi a cikin sarari kara, da bala'i ba zai yi ya faru. 3 kwat da wando ne kawai ba jituwa da dukan yanayi a jirgin, bai dace a size da kuma girman da gida. A 'yan saman jannati tashi a tracksuits, wanda tantama kada ya gagara.

Alal misali Gagarin, sake hada da mutane uku a shekarar 1964 a cikin "Fitowar" tafo Boris Yegorov, kuma Konstantin Feoktistov, Vladimir Komarov. Tsara don mutum daya gida, ba shakka, domin uku ya wuce yarda da cramped, da kuma 'yan saman jannati zai fi ba su tashi a sarari kara, da kuma jumpsuits, da kuma cire kawai ga ejection kujerar ko ta yaya kara da sarari. Cigaba da take hakkin dukkan yanayi a jirgin. Suna kawai farko rayukansu cikin hadari. A babban damar cewa jirgin ƙare nasara. Amma saboda take hakkin da dokoki, da kuma saboda haka m hali zuwa yanayi kafin bala'i ya kan doorstep.

Sarki, jin ya laifi a gaba, ya nemi gafara a wani hali, kallon da 'yan saman jannati a cikin jirgin. Wannan lamarin da hukumomi na cewa lokaci, ba shakka, aka kuma boye.

A Sanadin mutuwa na cosmonaut Komarov

A lokacin saukarsa ya fado "Soyuz-1". Vladimir Komarov iya ba nan da nan ganin rikitarwa a cikin na'ura. Da farko zuwa tsawo na 150 km daga Earth duk ya ok, amma shi ya wajaba a ƙofar da yanayi jirgin tsaga cikin sassa uku, da cewa shi ne, su raba tsakanin gida daga m nema da kuma compartments. A lokacin da ya rabuwa da nuna bawul kaya prematurely, ko da yake ta bude zai faru daga baya, a kusa da Duniya da kanta.

Dalilin wannan m bude na bawul har yanzu ba a kafa. Masana sun yi imani da cewa rabuwa da ya shiga jirgi zuwa compartments fashe m kusoshi a kan buga, da ventilator za a iya bude daga tsãwa bawul na numfashi samun iska da kuma motsi na kulle sanda. A lokacin saukarsa da na'ura ƙwarai rage matsa lamba, da kuma jannati kamar ba zai iya unfasten da madauri domin rufe sakamakon rami (da taga), ƙarshe rasa sani.

Bayan ganewa na marigayin da aka furta a gaban nitrogen jini, kwakwalwa hemorrhage, jini a cikin huhu. Bayan wannan lamarin, manned manufa domin 2 years aka dakatar. Soviet sarari fasahar gaggawa yana bukatar kyautata. Wannan lamarin ya shafi gwamnatin. 'Yan saman jannati aka bayar na musamman kara, a daban-daban jirgin tufafi ya unacceptable. matakan tsaro da aka dauka na mutane a cikin wani al'amari na gaggawa.

Brief biography daga cikin manyan jannati

Duk da ransa ta tafiya a flights sadaukar da Vladimir Komarov mutu. Biography of gwarzo tabbatar da wannan. Ya haife jannati a 1927. A shekaru 16, bayan shekaru bakwai makaranta shirin, ya sa suna a cikin Air Force musamman makaranta a Moscow da daya kawai nufi: zama daya daga cikin almara yaki Soviet matukan jirgin, amma diploma ya samu kawai karshen tashin.

A shekara, bayan da a saki Komarov koma Bataysk. Bayan kammala karatu a cikin sunan Serov College of Soja sufurin jiragen sama a 1949, sai ya shiga sabis na soja jirgin saman soja matukin jirgi a cikin Arewa District. Ba da da ewa, a Grozny, ya gana da Valentina. Malamin makaranta aure Vladimir Mikhailovich.

Daga wani soja jirgin saman soja domin Space Test

A shekarar 1952, Komarov aka sake canjawa wuri zuwa sabis. Wannan lokaci, sabon wurin zama ya a yammacin Ukrainian garin Mukachevo. Kamar yadda wani babban jami'in matukin for game da shekara bakwai, Komarov ya ci gaba da ci gaba, koyi da kuma girma a matsayin sana'a. Cosmonaut a 1959 samu mafi girma ilimi, ya kammala karatunsa daga Academy suna bayan N. E. Zhukovskogo. Bugu da ari, ya aiki ci gaba a Jihar Research Institute of Red Banner Air Force.

Institution daban-daban daga baya cibiyoyin bincike core yankunan - gwada latest model na jirgin sama. Motsi nan ya zama a cikin wata ma'ana, m to Komarov - shi ne a nan cewa ya miƙa da aiki na gwajin da kumbon sama jannati, wanda aka haramta yada. Tuni a shekarar 1961, ya fara shirya wa flights zuwa "Gabas" da kuma "Fitowar".

A karshe lokacin rayuwa Komarova

Vladimir Komarov aka sulhu da Yuriem Gagarinym, da kuma real rikodin ne har yanzu kiyaye su. A ra'ayin shi ne cewa sauro ba zai iya bude bar baturi. Kamar kafin saukowa Gagarin umurci shirya domin karshe aiki, a hankali kuma a amince bi da saita lokaci na kai, Yana zuwa da watã. Komarov ce cewa duk abin da yake a cikin tsari, shi ne zargin da kujera kuma acikin sarƙa your bel. Gagarin so numfashi warai lokacin da saukowa, da kuma bayan Komarov amsa: "Na gode, ba duka ..." - lamba tare da shi nan take karya. Wannan ke nan kana ya ce a lokacin Vladimir Komarov. Cosmonaut, na karshe kalmomin da za su ji da dispatcher, zai kasance har abada a cikin memory daga cikin mutanen da suka san shi.

The na'urar gangara bayan barin yanayi. Search jirgin sama ya bayyane, da kuma matukan jirgin, ga kaddamar da matukin jirgi masauki. Bugu da ari, sun ruwaito cewa jirgin da aka kona da gaske. A karshe magana ya m. The jirgin kama da wuta, kuma a wancan lokacin Komarov Vladimir Mikhailovich san cewa hasãra. Babu wanda ya san yadda ya ji a cikin wadanda lokacin rayuwa. All kori: kuma logbook, da kuma a kan-jirgin rakoda.

A cewar labari, da matukan jirgi tare da search jirgin sama da ake zargin ji zagi jannati, amma wannan shi ne wani labari. Da jin muryar shi ne kawai zai yiwu via eriya da aka located a kan babban laima madauri, amma ya bayyana a gare shi ba ya zama.

Dare Afrilu 25 Vladimir Komarov ya zauna aka dauka zuwa Burdenko asibiti. Vershinin zo a cikin manyan, Air Marshal zuwa hukumance ta yi bankwana da matattu, amma idan ya ga abin da ya bari, nan da nan umurce su da su ƙone.

A binciken da ya nuna cewa?

Gudanar da bincike da mutuwa na Vladimir Komarov da kuma bala'i a general, ya faru a "Union", wani musamman nada hukumar ta fara. A waɗannan shekaru, da al'amurran da suka shafi da hannu a sarari bincike Ustinov. Bisa ga official version na bala'i da ya faru da hatsari, mu kira da daidaituwa.

A gaskiya, da dalilin - fasaha. Ikon matukin masauki da yawa weaker fiye da babban kuma ba zai iya cire shi saboda mu kame na matsawa matsa lamba a cikin akwati ganuwar, wanda, bi da bi, ba su da isasshen rigidity. Aka tuhume designers, mahalarta na ci gaba da laima sashe a kan jirgin, kamar yadda da halitta na wannan laima tsarin. Daga cikin ofishin aka yin fim shugaba zanen Tkachev da mataimakinsa Mishin.

Tun 1971 - ba tare da wani hatsarori

Bayan 1.5 shekaru bayan da bala'i bugi - mutuwar cosmonaut Komarov a kan "Union", wadannan kaisu cosmonaut cafe Beregovoy a farkon shekarar 1969, kazalika da daban - Khrunov da Elisha. Biyu jiragen ruwa a sarari suKe ne har yanzu docked, shi ne riga a bude sarari na 'yan saman jannati sun iya motsawa daga daya "Union" a cikin sauran. Na biyu jirgin ya kuma ban tausayi, amma haruffa sanya shi kusan ba zai yiwu. "Union" da aka gane a matsayin mafi m dukan da tauraron dan adam na lokaci, da kuma mafi bala'i ya a 1971.

Jajircewa da ƙarfin hali da gwarzo bai je kada a gane ta jiha. "Gold Star" Komarov aka posthumously bayar da mindar na karimci, a karo na biyu. Bugu da kari, xan sama jannatin lambar yabo a karkashin abin mamaki suna "Roza Vetrov", bayar da kasa da kasa kwamitin Aeronautics da kuma sarari jirgin, ya tabbatar da muhimmancin da cikakken Vladimir Mikhailovich feat.

Yau ya rage natsu a cikinsa, da Kremlin bango a babban square na Moscow. harafin sunan akai-akai ƙaho, to, kuma a kan gidan talabijin. Documentary dangane da abubuwan da suka faru na fim a karkashin m title "Space. Da farko Blood. " Its kafa da wani uku-girma aiki don gano musabbabin da bala'i da muhimmanci nuances, wanda ake ambata ba a cikin Soviet zamanin. A Jamus, shekaru goma da suka wuce, da Berlin Symphony Orchestra yi wani yawan ayyukan da aka rubuta ta hanyar shahararren composers daga ko'ina cikin duniya musamman domin Ad Astra aikin shirin. Daga cikin su shi ne halittar kwazo Vladimir Komarov.

Idan wani bala'i da Komarov, "Union" ya kamata ya zama a cikin iska har 2014. Sai da na ɗauki rabin karni, da kuma da kamar wuya ya fito fili a jirgin da cewa na iya wuce shekaru da yawa. Amma da rayuwar shi (a musayar ga) ya ba da dukan wannan gwarzo - Vladimir Mihaylovich Komarov. Shin ba cewa jaruntakar? Abin baƙin ciki, mutane kalilan san shi, bã da wani hakki ... Amma yanzu, sanin bakin ciki labarin da kwazo m Komarova, sunansa dole ne a kan wani par tare da wasu manyan testers bukatar girmama ƙwaƙwalwar na shi.