Bernard Baruk: The Story of American kudi

Da kudi da kuma saka jari Bernard Baruk aka sani na da babban birnin kasar da kuma manyan jam'iyyun siyasa tasiri. Da ciwon samu nasara a kan New York Stock Exchange, ya fara aiki a matsayin mai bada shawara ga Amurka shugabannin. Ransa - mai ban mamaki kaleidoscope na events da kuma surprises.

farkon shekaru

Shahararren kudi Bernard Baruk aka haife Agusta 19, 1870 a Amurka birnin Camden (South Carolina). Ya zo daga wani matalauci Yahudawa iyali. Simon Baruk ya haifi maza hudu, na biyu wanda ya Bernard Baruk. Yara, kamar yadda lokaci ya nuna, wani talented da wuya-aiki. Brother na gaba Jamus da kudi ko da aiki a matsayin jakadan Amurka a cikin Netherlands da kuma Portugal.

Farkon shekaru Bernard Rekonstrutsii faru a lokacin da, bayan da yakin basasa, Amurka kudu kalaman na aikata laifi da kuma tarzoma baƙar fata. Neman wani m kusurwa na Baruk iyali koma New York. Ga Bernard je koleji.

A farko wuri Baruk aiki a 1890 shi ne Brokerage AA Housman & Co. Ashirin-shekara Guy wani gofer, samun $ 3 a mako. Sauran dama ga kai-ganin na da matsayi a al'umma da kuma kasa shi ne, ba sauki.

takeoff

Kamar sauran dillalai, da kasuwar jari Bernard Baruk zo quite da hatsari. Da farko kwarewa wani bala'i. Amma Baruk bai daina. Ya fara ara kudi daga abokai da kuma iyali. A wani matsayi, uban ya gaya masa cewa ya aiko 500 - shi ne duk da cewa ya rage daga cikin gidansa a kan wani ruwa rana. Bernard ya ba firgita da tsoro, ya fara wani m aiki a kan Wall Street.

Baruk bai dace a cikin saba hoto na musayar. Case ya kasance quite ɓarna,: yin m kwangila shiga cikin hasashe. Ma'aikata a bayonets dauki farko nasarorin da wannan upstart. Shahararren banki da kuma kudi a lokacinsa, John Pierpont Morgan tunani Baruk "katin sharper." Wrong zuwa zaton cewa a karkashin tsarin jari hujja duk 'yan kasuwa suka sanã'anta su kudi a fari safar hannu. Ba mafi tsabta mutum da kansa ya JP Morgan. Duk da haka, da hanyoyin da wanda makamai Bernard Baruk, mamaki har ma da mafi muni frauds.

wheeler-dila

Tun lokacin da aka bayyanar a kan stock musayar nan gaba nasara Wall Street ya ba har sai m ciniki dabarun. Baruk taba tunawa rauni kamfanoni tare da wani ra'ayi zuwa ga m resale. Bugu da kari, ya bai koma ga wucin gadi Yunƙurin a farashin da ta hannun jari. A zuba jari yi ba, kamar yadda ya zama al'ada, da scrupulous lissafi daga cikin muhimman hakkokin dalilai na cikin kasuwar jari.

Sabanin abin da umurnin sa'an nan kasance a kan Yunƙurin, da kudaden rayayye wasa a fall. Domin kaina, Bernard Baruk kirkiro wani sauki mulki: "Sayar da saya a kalla zuwa m ba zai iya zama." A sakamakon haka, ya sau da yawa ya tafi a kan kasuwar Trend, saya a lokacin da da yawa da aka sayar, da kuma mataimakin versa.

A kan hanyar zuwa dũkiya

Mai Baruk style kama da style of wani sanannen speculator Dzhessi Livermora. Wadannan biyu yan kasuwa da aka sani ya lokaci-lokaci bar kasuwa da kuma jira lokacin da ya fi lokaci domin farfado da ciniki. Da zarar ya karbi irin wannan da wuya yanke shawara domin punters, Bernard ya ce, "Jay, ina ganin yana da lokaci zuwa harba partridges." Bayan wannan alama, ya sayar da dukan matsayi da ya tafi a kan wani dogon hutu a kan plantation Hobkau Barony a South Carolina. M Marshes da yashi rairayin bakin teku kadarori yawa, ducks da 17 dubu da gona wajen kadada babu waya, tare da abin daya iya haɗawa tare da New York. Amma ko da bayan da mafi tsawo babu wani player dawo da stock musayar.

Wannan asali da wanda Bernard Baruk, kuma Dzhessi Livermor ba'a kullum yarda da dokoki na yan kasuwa, sanya su shahara ko kafin bayyanar yawa babban birnin kasar. Ko ta wani hanya, amma jindadin upstarts bai jira.

A zuba jari da kuma kasuwa

Ya fara daga kasa Baruk sanã'anta isa ya dauki nasu zuba jari. Daya daga cikin na farko kayan aikin bayyana a kamfanin Texasgulf Inc., qware a sabis a samun saurin bunkasuwar masana'antun man fetur.

Amma, kamar yadda m events nuna, ya kulla bai son management kamfanin. Ya waqe kasance cinikayya, to wanda ya sadaukar da mafi yawan lokaci ciyar a kan Wall Street. Riga ta 1900. dukan kasafin kudi kwata na New York san wanda Bernard Baruk. A tarihin nasara wahayi da yawa, kuma da yawa mai bogey. Kullum akwai jita-jita game da babbar jiha speculator. Sikelin da wannan adadi ya kasance daidai sikelin Dzhozefa Kenedi da JP Morgan.

"LonE Wolf"

Yau da magada na Bernard Baruk ci gaba don a ji dadin matsayi, ƙusance su nimble zumunta. A 1903, yana da shekaru 33 years kwanan unknown kulla zama memba na kulob din na miliyoyi. Its duka ƙayayuwa hanyar zuwa New York Stock Exchange Baruk shi gaba daya kadai. Ya na son su ci gaba da kome a karkashin iko da kuma ba zai iya kai na gama aiki. Domin wannan jari da ake kira "LonE kerkẽci na Wall Street."

A tsawon shekaru, da kudi da ayyukan da yawa rubucen da kuma hambarar da dandana Bernard Baruk. Biography kudi ne wani misali da wani mutum, ko da abin da doggedly je ga nasara. 1907 Baruk tsiwirwirinsu na duniya ciniki m M. Hentz & Co., da kuma yadda ya fara tasawa, ya fara zuwa fi son zuba jari alaka da wani abin dogara da dukiya.

jama'a sabis

Da ciwon samu gagarumin nasara a kan stock musayar kuma a kasuwanci, da Baruk ya fara duba a siyasa. A 1912 ya amince da su tallafa da yakin neman zabe na Woodrow Wilson. Foundation for Democratic Party ya samu daga wani maka fatan alheri na 50 dubu daloli. Wilson lashe tseren da kuma godiya ga kudi a sanya wa sashen na tsaron kasa.

A ta farko jama'a ofishin Bernard Baruk, wani photo na wanda ya bayyana a kasa jaridu, gamu da babbar matsala. A hade da siyasa da kuma kasuwanci aiki shi ne musamman wuya aiki.

Matsaloli tare da dokar

A stock musayar Baruk ya fara zargi muzguna da kansa hukuma matsayin kafin su sami Insider bayanai game da kasuwar. Haka kuma, a 1917, da zuba jari da ake zargi da bayyana asirin takardun. Masu bincike sun gano ƙarasa da cewa, shan amfani da matsayinsa, ya aka ba bisa ƙa'ida ba sanã'anta game da miliyan daya daloli.

A mayar da martani ga ikirarin da jami'an tsaro Baruk ya bayyana cewa, ya samu ya karshe kudi sayar daidai da wannan kamar yadda ya yi kafin ya bayyanar a cikin jama'a da sabis. The tsaro da aka karfafa kankare - a speculator iya samun tafi tare da shi.

Mai bada shawara ga shugaban kasar

Kamar yadda wani jami'in Bernard Mannes Baruk ke da alhakin rarraba soja umarni. Sa'an nan, ya bar riga 'yan qasar New York Stock Exchange. Finance daina saya da kuma sayar, amma ya ci gaba da zuba jari 'ayyukan, Canza madosa shi a cikin hanyar soja masana'antu. Baruk kudi ta gudana a cikin kamfanonin tsunduma a samar da daban-daban da makamai da kuma harsasai. Shakka ɓangare na dollar wadata zo daga jihar kasafin kudin a kan soja masana'antu, ya zauna a cikin aljihunsa wayo ma'aikata. A cewar daban-daban kimomi, lokacin da shan kashi na Jamus shi ne mai Baruk a Jihar miliyan 200.

A shekara ta 1919, shugabannin nasara al'ummai hadu a cikin Paris Aminci Conference. Baruk ma ya tafi Faransa babban birnin kasar. Ya kasance memba na aikin hukuma tawagar {asar Amirka, a karkashin jagorancin shugaban kasar Wilson. Tattalin arziki da shawara tsayayya wuce kima indemnity zuwa Jamus da kuma goyan bayan da ra'ayin wani League of Nations da ake bukata don karfafa hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashe daban-daban.

Baruk da girma mawuyacin

Vudro Vilson murabus a matsayin shugaban kasa a 1921. Juyawa na White House ta ba da ya hana Baruk zaman kan Amurka siyasa scene. Ya kasance mai ba da shawara a Warren Harding, Herbert Hoover, Franklin Roosevelt da Garri Trumene. Daidaita tsakanin gwamnati da kuma kasuwanci, da kudi su ci gaba da wadãta, ta amfani Insider data on jihar na kasuwar. A magada daga Bernard Baruk ba za a bar ba tare da dinari a cikin aljihunka, idan ba don ya dace da kalmomin sirri. A kan Hauwa'u na da girma mawuyacin Baruk sayar duk da hannun jari, da kuma kudi samu babban adadin shaidu.

24 ga Oktoba, 1929 US stock kasuwanni buga auka. A dukan kasuwar a buga a kan zuwan rikicin da wani bai tabbata ba nan gaba. All - amma ba Baruh Bernard. A littafin, rubuta a karshen rayuwa na da kansa, ya ce a kan cewa rana wani speculator zo zuwa New York Stock Exchange, tare da Winston Churchill. A ziyarar da ya ba ta hanyar kwatsam. Finance so ya nuna wa Birtaniya manufar ta enviable tattalin arziki m.

Hasashe a zinariya da azurfa

Daya daga cikin mafi garabasa zamba Bernarda Baruha fara wani jerin ayyukansa a shekara ta 1933, a lokacin da yarjejeniyoyin da zinariya misali a Amurka. By lokacin da kasar shekaru da yawa don ya rayu a Jihar m rikicin. Ta kora da babbar rashin aikin yi da kuma fatarar na manyan kamfanoni. A cikin wadannan yanayi, da gwamnati ta sanar a duniya fansa na zinariya daga cikin 'yan ƙasa. A musanya ga daraja karfe, mutane karbi takardar kudi.

A watan Oktoba 1933, a lokacin da mafi yawan zinariya da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga baitul, Shugaba Roosevelt ya sanar da ragewar darajar kuɗi na kasa kudin. Yanzu gwamnatin sayi zinariya a wani ƙara farashin. Duk da twists kuma ya jũya daga cikin shakka canji san mafi kusa shugaban shawara Bernard Baruk. Quotes da nan latsa nuna cewa jama'a kasance a cikin wani zazzabi na m m canje-canje. Kawai "LonE kerkẽci" ya iya amfani da kowane sabon shã'aninku. Ya ya kashe wani gagarumin rabo daga ta dukiya a azurfa kawai kafin farashin karuwa jama'a buyout na karfe.

Yakin duniya na II

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, rai na Bernard Baruk da siyasa aiki fiye da rataye a kan kudi. Tare da fashewa daga cikin yakin duniya na biyu, ya kasance sake a cikin rawar da soja da tattalin arziki da shawara ga mahukuntan Amurka. Mai saka jari ya yi wani gagarumin taimako ga canji a Amurka haraji tsarin. A gaskiya, shi ya qaddamar da wani tattalin arziki janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a na kasa. Tasiri majalisar ba da shawara da aka haka da muhimmanci cewa a shekarar 1944, shugaban kasar Roosevelt ya ciyar a watan a cikin sanannun Kudu Karolinska estate.

Shugaba har da shawarar da Baruk ya shugabanci kwamitin Soja-masana'antu samar. Mai bada shawara ya dade yearned zama a cikin wannan wuri, kuma kawai domin formalities nema lokacin jarrabawa da wani likita ya tabbatar da a nasu kiwon lafiya ga wani muhimmin matsayi. Duk da haka, yayin da Baruk ja da amsar, wani Roosevelt shawara Harry Hopkins rinjayi shugaban watsi da wannan ra'ayin. A sakamakon haka, a cikin playoff na farko mutum ya fara janye nasa tsari.

"Baruk Shirin"

A shekarar 1946, magaji zuwa Roosevelt, Truman nada Baruk zuwa matsayi na Jakadan Amirka a MDD kwamitin alhakin nukiliya ikon masana'antu. Kamar yadda irin wannan, shugaban kasar shawara ya zama yadu a san in da Tarayyar Soviet. Gaskiyar cewa a farkon taron Baruk Hukumar samarwa a ban a kan makaman nukiliya da kuma yi aikin a karkashin iko da janar jiki na duk kasashen da makaman nukiliya filin. kunshin na tunanin zama da aka sani da "Baruk Shirin".

A cikin mahallin da incipient Cold War, da batun nukiliya na zaman lafiya ya zama mafi gaggawa. Tsoron atomic hare-haren da aka girma, saboda kawai 'yan shekaru da suka wuce, da Amurka kokarin wadannan makamai a kan biyu Japan birane, da nuna mugayen sakamakon da latest makamai. Duk da haka hana Amirkawa sun soki shirin a cikin Kremlin. Stalin ba ya so ya dakatar da makaman nukiliya da makamai tseren da aka ba za a iya bayar, dangane da matsayin da Amurka. "Baruk Shirin" da aka ƙi. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ba su da isasshen tasiri ga iko da kasa da kasa ayyukan samar da makaman nukiliya.

Da yake jawabi na sanyi yaki, ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne Bernard Baruk ya rayuwa ga wannan magana, ko da yake, a cewar wani na kowa ra'ayi, kalmar "sanyi yaki" da aka fara yi a wani jawabin da Winston Churchill. Bayan da lõkacin fatara daga cikin aikin na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ne wani tsofaffi shawara ci gaba da aiki a fadar White House. Ya mutu a kan Yuni 20, 1965 a New York da shekaru 94 da shekaru.