A mulkin mallaka fadada - shi ... mulkin mallaka fadada: manufar, shugabanci, tarihi da kuma bayanin

Marine mulkin mallaka fadada - shi ne da wata manufa bisa ga abin da arziki kasashe na Old World sun yi ciniki da dogara da yankuna a kan sauran nahiyoyi ko zaunar da su. A kan lokaci da shi ya samo asali a cikin tseren manyan ikokin fada domin duniya mamayar.

abubuwan da ake bukata

Farko na Turai mulkin mallaka fadada a cikin XV-XVI ƙarni., A alfijir na da Age na Discovery. A Late tsakiyar zamanai a cikin Tsohon Duniya a kasuwanni musamman prized rare kuma m kaya daga cikin kasashen gabas. Alal misali, ya kasance da kayan yaji, da ba ka damar kantin sayar da abinci na dogon lokaci. Yanzu shi sauti funny, amma sai aka sa'an nan prized nutmeg nauyi a cikin zinariya.

A lokaci guda a Turai Tarurrukan, wanda aka tare da ci gaban da ilimin kimiyya. A mulkin mallaka fadada - shi ne, na farko, a manyan jiragen ruwa. A farko jiragen ruwa na wani sabon nau'in, wanda zai iya haye teku da kuma barin m tekuna, ya bayyana a Portugal da kuma Spain. Da suke matasa, mulki, kawai halitta a cikin liberated yankuna na Musulmi.

Tare da kudi na 'yan kasuwa da, a wani bangare, tare da goyon bayan gwamnatin jarumi explorers fara neman wani teku hanya zuwa India arziki. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole to circumnavigate Afirka. A 1492, wani Spanish balaguro jagorancin Hristofora Kolumba tafi da sauran hanyar da - kawai zuwa yamma. Kuma ya gano America. A mulkin mallaka fadada daga cikin mulkin mallaka kasashe ta taso saboda wannan taron.

Spanish fadada

A farko da manyan mulkin mallaka daular zama Spain. Yana da aka karkashin ta flags explorers gano America. Spanish sarakuna na fatan samun wani sabon nahiyar daga zinariya da azurfa. Precious karafa sun gaske a cikin Andes. Lokacin da wannan ya zama sananne ga wasu, America garzaya da taron adventurers.

A azurfa mahakar na Peru sun yarda Spain zama mafi m Turai jihar a XVI karni. A mulkin mallaka fadada - shi ne ma tausayi lura da mazauna yankin a cikin dogara da yankuna. 'Yan qasar Amurka kasance na farko da wadanda ke fama da Turai na sarki amfane shi. Suka mutu miliyoyin rayuka domin su cututtuka. Bugu da kari, a Spain ta taka muhimmiyar rawa cikin cocin Katolika. A daular mulkinsu ya kafa da aiki in yi baftisma duk Majusawa daga ƙasashe masu nisa. Wannan siyasa karfafa da kisan-kiyashi da Inquisition.

A heyday na Spanish mulkin mallaka daular ta kasance ga dukkan Tsakiya da kuma Kudancin Amirka. Fãce a yankin su ne kawai a cikin yankunan da daga baya ya bayyana a Brazil. Waɗannan ƙasashe mallakar Portugal.

Portuguese mazauna

Idan Spain ƙware America, shi ya kasance fiye da aiki Portugal kafa sauti cinikayya da India. Wannan shi ne babban bambanci tsakanin na farko da biyu mulkin mallaka dauloli. The Spanish kokarin cinye ƙasar a cikin zurfin sabon nahiyoyi. A Portuguese, a akasin haka, bai bar jihar bakin teku yankunan. Ga fatauci mata kagarai da aka gina. Ta hanyar su mun tafi zuwa Turai da sababbin kayayyakin.

A da kayan yaji, da hauren giwa, da kuma sauran luxuries. Ko da karin muhimmanci da aka bude daga cikin American noma amfanin gona: .. Dankali, tumatir, masara, da dai sauransu A rage cin abinci na Turawa da idanuna. Tenacious dillalai taru babbar arzikinsu a kan kenkenewa kasuwanci wadannan rare kayayyaki. A farkon mulkin mallaka fadada bambanta a cewa mata da aka dauka sun fi mayar daga opportunistic sharudda. Lõkacin da ya bayyana cewa sabuwar ƙasar wa'adin babbar riba ga tseren shiga da sabon Turai iko. Ciniki yaƙe-yaƙe sun zama sananne.

Dakushewar Spain, Yunƙurin a Ingila

A XVII karni da Spanish mulkin mallaka daular shiga ƙi. Akwai dalilai da dama. Daular mulkinsu da suke ciyarwa duk da American zinariya domin gyaran sojojin da m yaki a Turai. A wannan lokaci, a cikin Tsohon World m wani zagaye na rikici tsakanin Katolika da Furotesta. Yana fara da shekara talatin War, da harsunan 'yan barandan sojojin, ya sayi Spanish kudi flooded Jamus da Netherlands. Saboda da guileless siyasa Spain ya rasa duk daga cikin amfanin, wanda aka ba da ita a farkon mulkin mallaka tseren.

Babban maƙiyi daga cikin Madrid kotun ya zama Ingila. A cikin wannan kasar, a cikin XVII karni, akwai wani bourgeois juyin juya halin, wanda bar karshe cikakkar daular mulkinsu. A kasar ta ɓullo da yancin cinikayya da kuma jari-hujja. Ba da da ewa akwai mai iko jiragen ruwa.

Birtaniya daular

Kwatance mulkin mallaka fadada Ingila sun sosai daban-daban. A farko ƙauyuka bayyana a cikin Arewacin Amirka. Tuni a cikin XVIII karni Dzheyms Kuk gano nisa Australia, wanda aka cikakken canjawa wuri zuwa Birtaniya. A lu'u-lu'u na Turanci kambi zama India. A farko mazauna kasance har yanzu a nan da Portuguese, amma yana yiwuwa rasa da tattalin arziki da gwagwarmaya Lisbon zuwa London, kuma, domin mafi yawan bangare lumana, sayar da suka mallaka.

Local Indian yawan professed mafi addinai daban daban - Musulunci, Hindu da kuma Buddha. A subcontinent wata babbar lamba na kasashe, saboda wanda akwai akai siyasa fragmentation. Wannan shi ne jera, da kuma jera fasaha magabaci a yarda da Birtaniya a cikin XIX karni, gaba daya dauka a kan kasar. Indian mulkin mallaka fadada - shi ne mai kyau misali na yadda tattalin arzikin da aka subordinated zuwa kasar aiki a kan birnin.

A rabo daga America

Turanci shiri a North America kuma ci gaba cikin sauri. A wannan yankin, da mazauna ƙarshe bayyana a Faransa da kuma Netherlands. Amma shi ne bangaren 'yan adawa na Paris da kuma London ya zama wata babbar a kasar. A ƙarshen XVIII karni Birtaniya mazauna ayyana 'yancin kansu da kuma kafa United States of America. A sabon jihar ya gudanar da bincike mai da kansa da kuma populates yammacin yankuna.

A irin wannan rabo awaited da Spanish mazauna. A farkon da XIX karni, da mazaunan Kudu American kasashe sun ayyana yaki don samun 'yancin kai daga uwar ƙasa, wanda suka samu nasarar lashe. Saboda haka, akwai daya kawai manyan yankin, ya ba tukuna aka raba ta a tsakanin Turai mulkin mallaka iko. Yana da aka Afirka. War ga shi har yanzu su zo.

Scramble ga Afirka

Na dogon lokaci Turawa ne kawai a kan tekun na Afirka. Saboda haka mulkin mallaka ya dauki wata babbar lamba na bayi wanda aka kawo wa Amurka ta hanyar jirgin. Akwai aikin baƙar fata amfani da cheap aiki. A ra'ayi na mulkin mallaka fadada dole ya shafi nuna bambanci ga mutanen dake wurin, wanda (as Afrika) ya zama bawa.

Amma wannan sashe na "black nahiyar" ya faru a rabi na biyu na XIX karni. By lokacin bautar ya riga an soke a mafi kasashen Turai, wanda, duk da haka, sanya wani roko ga yan unguwa ne ba yawa mafi m. A kan Hauwa'u na farko World War a Afirka sun mazauna na kasashe daban-daban: Faransa, da Burtaniya, Portugal, Belgium, da Netherlands. The latest shiga tseren ga ƙasa na sabuwar kafa Jamus da Italiya.

A yakin duniya na farko ya fara a matsayin wani shawarwari ga dominance a Turai, amma shi ma ya shafi redistribution na mazauna. A sa'an nan da Entente kasashen da ta tilasta a cikin ƙasa na Gabas ta Tsakiya. Wannan yankin ya dade mallakar Ottoman Empire (Turkey), wanda ya rushe. Larabawa yankuna yafi samu Birtaniya, duk da haka, da dokoki, na daban shi ne riga sosai daban-daban daga mulkin mallaka.

Barin da mazauna

XX karni ya wuce a karkashin tutar decolonization. Yana da aka aiwatar da samun 'yancin kai, kasashen Afirka, gabas ta tsakiya, Indiya da sauransu. D. Musamman, ya zama aiki bayan karshen yakin duniya na II. Tsohon Afirka mazauna da kuma a yanzu kai da bugu na farko na a cikin hedkwatarsu da kasa. A cikin wadannan kasashe, da na aikin harshe ne kullum Turanci ko da Faransa (ban da kasa yare).

The most mulkin mallaka - Birtaniya - Ya halitta Commonwealth, a cikin abin da shi ne rayayye hada kai da su mulkin mallaka a yau.