Kananan makamai Wehrmacht. Kananan makamai na Wehrmacht a yakin duniya na II. Kananan makamai Jamus

Saboda Soviet film game da yaki, mafi yawan mutane sun yi wani kwari ra'ayi cewa taro na kananan makamai (photo kasa) Jamus dakaru a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu - shi ne atomatik (SMG), "Schmeisser" tsarin, wanda aka mai suna a gare ta zanen sunayen. Wannan labari da wannan rana rayayye goyan bayan kasa cinema. Duk da haka, a gaskiya, wannan rare inji ya taba wani m makami na Wehrmacht, kuma Ya halitta, shi ya ba Hugo Schmeisser. Duk da haka, na farko abubuwa farko.

Ta yaya ne camfin

All ma'aikata kamata ka sani na cikin gida da fina-finan da sadaukar da Jamusanci dakaru kai hare-hare a kan mu matsayi. Brave mutane farin gashi paced, babu ducking, da kuma hali na harbi inji "daga hip". Kuma mafi ban sha'awa shine wannan hujja ba mamaki kowa, fãce waɗanda suka kasance a cikin yaki. Bisa ga fina-finai, "Schmeisser" iya gudanar da nufin wuta a wannan nesa a matsayin bindigogi na mu sojoji. Bugu da kari, da kallo a lokacin da na duba wadannan fina-finan da alama cewa dukan ma'aikatan na Jamus dakaru a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, dauke da makamai suka inji bindigogi. A gaskiya, duk abin da ya daban-daban, da kuma sub-na'ura gun - yana da ba m da kananan makamai na Wehrmacht, da kuma "daga hip" shi yiwuwa a harba daga shi, kuma ya kira shi ba "Schmeisser". Bugu da kari, a gudanar da wani hari ramuka submachine division, a cikin abin da akwai dakarun dauke da makamai da miyagun bindigogi store - wannan ne bayyananne kashe kansa, kamar yadda ramuka kawai daya ba zai zo saukar.

Fluttering labari atomatik bindiga MP-40

The kananan makamai na Wehrmacht a yakin duniya na II yana da hukuma kira SMG (Maschinenpistole) MP-40. A gaskiya, shi ne wani canji na MP-36 inji. Zanen wannan model, m ga sanannen imani, ba gunsmith H. Schmeisser, kuma daidai shahara da talented artist Genrih Folmer. Kuma me ya sa shi haka, tabbatattun makale da laƙabi "Schmeisser"? The abu ne cewa, Schmeisser mallakar wani lamban kira ga store, wanda aka yi amfani a cikin wannan sub-inji bindigogi. Kuma domin kada su karya da hakkin mallaka, a cikin na farko MR-40 kuri'a a kan kantin sayar da mai karɓar niƙe rubutu Patent SCHMEISSER. Lokacin da wadannan inji kasance a matsayin ganima ga sojoji na Allied Runduna, su kuskure zaton cewa marubucin wannan model na kananan makamai, ba shakka, Schmeisser. Wannan domin MP-40 da kuma gyara wannan laƙabi.

Da farko, da Jamus High umurnin da aka tara makamai bindigogi kawai umarce tsarin. Saboda haka, a cikin dakaru ƙungiyoyin MP-40 sun zama kawai a bataliya kwamandojin, baki da kuma ofisoshin. Daga baya atomatik Pistols kawota direbobin motocin sulke, tankuna da kuma sojan laima. Taro na dakaru wanda tara makamai ko dai a 1941 ko bayan. Bisa ga archives na Jamus sojojin a 1941, sojojin da kawai 250,000 inji MP-40, da kuma shi ne a kan 7,234 mutane miliyan. Kamar yadda ka gani, submachine gun - yana da ba wani m makami na yakin duniya na II. A general, ga dukan tsawon lokacin - daga 1939 zuwa 1945 - aka samar kawai miliyan 1.2 daga wadannan inji, yayin da a cikin sassa na Wehrmacht da aka tsara fiye da miliyan 21 mutane.

Me ya sa ba m dakaru MP-40?

Duk da cewa masana sun gane daga bisani cewa LL-40 - wannan shi ne mafi kyau kananan makamai yakin duniya na II a cikin dakaru ƙungiyoyin Wehrmacht da ya naúrar. A dalilin mai sauki ne: sighting iyaka a wannan na'ura a kan kungiyar kwallaye ne kawai 150 m, kuma a guda - 70 m Wannan shi ne duk da cewa Soviet sojojin da aka dauke da makamai Mosin bindiga da Tokarev (SVT), sighting iyaka wanda ya 800 m ga kungiyar. a raga da 400 m guda. Idan da Jamus ya yi yaƙi da wannan makami da aka nuna a Rasha fina-finai, su ba za su taba yi iya isa makiya ramuka, dã a harbe kamar yadda a cikin dash.

Harbe-harben kan tafi "daga hip"

Submachine gun MP-40 tare da harbe-harben kumburin, kuma idan ka yi amfani da shi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin fim, da harsasai suna ko da yaushe tashi fadi da na burin. Saboda haka, domin tasiri wuta dole ne a daidaita guga man da kafada, bayan ya yada da butt. Bugu da kari, sun taba kora dogon bursts kamar yadda heats sama da sauri daga wannan na'ura. Mafi sau da yawa dukan tsiya a takaice fashe 3-4 harsashi ko sun guda wuta. Duk da cewa wasan kwaikwayon halaye nuna cewa kudi na 450-500 akai-akai da minti daya, a yi, don cimma wannan sakamakon ba zai yi nasara ba.

Abũbuwan amfãni daga MP-40

Ba za mu iya cewa shi ne kananan makamai yakin duniya na II wani mummunan, a akasin haka, shi ne sosai, sosai a kawo hadari, amma dole ne a yi amfani a cikin melee. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa dauke da makamai su na farko ɓarna da gangan raka'a. Suna kuma sau da yawa amfani da scouts na mu sojojin da guerrillas mutunta wannan na'ura. A amfani da melee hur high-gudu bindigogi bada moriya sosai. Ko a yanzu, MP-40 shi ne Popular daga mutãne mãsu laifi, da kuma farashin da na'ura a cikin baki kasuwar ne sosai high. Kuma Ka kuɓutar da su don samun "black archeologists", wanda a wurare na soja daukaka zuwa tone kuma sau da yawa sosai sami da mayar da WWII makamai.

mauser 98k

Abin da za mu ce game da wannan carbine? Mafi na kowa kananan makamai a Jamus - mai bindiga "Mauser" tsarin. Ta sighting kewayon harbi a sama don 2000 m. Kamar yadda ka gani, wannan zabin ne sosai kama da Mosin bindiga da SVT. Wannan carbine da aka ɓullo da a 1888. A lokacin yakin, wannan tsari ya aka muhimmanci kyautata, da farko don kudin raguwa, kazalika da rationalization na samarwa. Bugu da kari, da kananan makamai na Wehrmacht aka sanye take da telescopic gani da maharbi raka'a aka kammala su. Bindiga "Mauser" tsarin a lokacin da aka a sabis da yawa rundunar, kamar Belgium, Spain, Turkey, Czechoslovakia, Poland, {asar Yugoslavia, da kuma Sweden.

Kai-loading bindiga

A karshen 1941 a cikin dakaru raka'a na Wehrmacht for soja gwaji samu na farko atomatik kai-loading bindiga tsarin Walter G-41 da kuma G-41 Mauser. Su bayyanar da aka saboda gaskiyar cewa Red Army tsaya fiye da rabin miliyan na wadannan tsarin: SVT-38 SVT-40 da kuma ABC-36. Domin ba su karkata zuwa Soviet sojoji, Jamus gunsmiths gaggawa ya ci gaba nasu versions daga wadannan bindigogi. A sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da aka fi gane da kuma dauka up ta G-41 tsarin (Walter tsarin). A bindiga sanye take da guduma irin tasiri inji. Tsara fire kawai guda Shots. Its harsasai damar goma akai-akai. Wannan atomatik kai-loading bindiga tsara don nufin wuta a nesa na 1,200 mita. Duk da haka, saboda da babban nauyi na makami, kazalika da low AMINCI da ji na ƙwarai to samu, shi aka saki a cikin kananan jerin. A 1943, designers shawo kan wadannan shortcomings, ya miƙa wani kyautata version na G-43 (Walter tsarin), wadda aka saki a cikin adadin da dama da ɗari dubu raka'a. Kafin ta bayyanar Wehrmacht sojoji fĩfĩta yi amfani da ganima bindiga SVT-40 Soviet (!) Production.

Yanzu baya ga Jamus gunsmith Hugo Schmeisser. Su da aka ɓullo da tsari biyu, ba tare da abin da ban biya yakin duniya na biyu.

Bindigogi - MP-41

Wannan samfurin da aka ɓullo da a tare da tare da MP-40. Wannan inji shi muhimmanci daban-daban daga cikin saba wa duk na fina-finai "Schmeisser": hannu da dantse ya trimmed itãciyar, abin da na tsare da jirgin saman soja daga konewa, ya fi tsanani, kuma dogon-barreled. Duk da haka, da kananan makamai na Wehrmacht ba yadu kuma akwai don dogon. Total samar game da 26 dubu raka'a. An yi zaton cewa Jamus sojojin ƙi wannan na'ura dangane da kara da m Erma, ya ayyana doka kwashe ta jadadda mallaka zane. Bindigogi MR-41 don amfani da wani ɓangare na Waffen SS. Kuma ma nasarar amfani da Gestapo raka'a da dutsen Rangers.

MR-43 ko StG-44

Next makami Wehrmacht (photo kasa) Schmeisser ci gaba a 1943. Da farko, an mai suna MP-43, kuma baya - StG-44, wanda ke nufin "hari bindiga» (sturmgewehr). Wannan Bindigar a cikin bayyanar, da kuma a wasu bayani dalla-dalla, da kama wani Kalashnikov (wanda zo daga baya), kuma shi ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga LL-40. Range gudanarwa da nufin wuta ta kasance har zuwa 800 m. At StG-44 ko envisaged da yiwuwar kayyade 30 mm gurnati gabatarwa. Domin harbe-harben daga murfin musamman bututun ƙarfe da aka ɓullo da zanen, wanda ya sa a kan muzzle bangare kuma canza yanayin na wani harsashi a 32 digiri. A taro samar da wadannan makamai kawai buga a cikin kaka na shekarar 1944. A lokacin yakin, an saki game da 450 dubu daga wadannan bindigogi. Saboda haka 'yan Jamus sojoji zai iya yin amfani da irin wannan gun. StG-44 tsĩrar da Elite raka'a na Wehrmacht da Waffen SS raka'a. Daga bisani, da makaman da Wehrmacht aka yi amfani da Armed Forces of gudun hijirar.

FG-42 Bindigar

Wadannan kofe aka yi nufi ga Airborne sojojin. Sun hada da yaki da halaye na na'ura gun da Bindigar. Da kera makamai dauki sama da m "Rheinmetall" a cikin shakka daga cikin yaki, a lokacin da, bayan da kimantawa da sakamakon da Airborne ayyukan za'ayi da Wehrmacht, an gano cewa sub-inji bindigogi MP-38 ba da cikakken sadu da bukatun na fada da irin wannan runduna. A farko gwaje-gwaje na bindigogi da aka gudanar a 1942, da kuma a lokaci guda an soma. A amfani, ya ce makamai da kuma saukar da shortcomings hade tare da low ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali a lokacin atomatik harbe-harben. A shekarar 1944 ya fito da wani kyautata bindiga FG-42 (Model 2), kuma da model 1 ne daga samarwa. The jawo inji na makami damar atomatik ko guda wuta. A bindiga tsara don misali harsashi Mauser 7,92 mm. Magazine iya aiki ne 10 ko 20 akai-akai. Bugu da kari, da bindiga za a iya amfani da ga harbi na musamman bindiga da gurneti. Domin inganta zaman lafiyar a lokacin da harbi a karkashin ganga ne a haɗe bipod. FG-42 bindiga da aka tsara don harbe-harben a nesa na 1200 m Saboda babban kudin da aka saki a cikin iyaka yawa :. A total na 12 dubu raka'a biyu model.

Luger P08 da Walter P38

Yanzu la'akari da abin da iri bindigogi sun kasance a sabis da Jamus sojojin. "Luger", na biyu sunan "Parabellum", yana da wani 7,65 mm zamo. By farkon na yaki akwai fiye da rabin miliyan na wadannan Pistols a sassa na Jamus sojojin. The kananan makamai na Wehrmacht aka samar har 1942, sa'an nan kuma maye gurbin shi tare da wata dogararriyar "Walter".

Wannan gun aka karɓa for sabis a 1940. Ya yi nufi ga wuta 9 mm harsasai, mujallar damar 8 akai-akai. Sighting kewayon daga "Walter" - 50 mita. Yana da aka samar har 1945. A total number of bayar Pistols P38 ya kusan miliyan 1 raka'a.

Makamai yakin duniya na II: MG-34, MG-42 da kuma MG-45

A farkon 30-ies na Jamus soja da aka yanke shawarar kafa wata na'ura gun, wanda za a iya amfani da a matsayin wani nauyi na'ura, da kuma yadda wani manual. Da suka kamata su wuta a maƙiyi jirgin sama da kuma ba tankuna. Saboda haka ya kasance gun MG-34, tsara da m "Rheinmetall" da kuma sa a cikin sabis a 1934. By farkon ayyukan soji a cikin Wehrmacht, akwai game da 80 dubu daga wadannan makamai. A na'ura gun iya wuta guda harbi da kuma ci gaba da. Don yin wannan, dole ne ya jawo tare da biyu tududa. A lokacin da ka danna a saman Shots da aka kora guda Shots, da kuma lokacin da ka danna a kan ƙananan - queues. Domin ya nufi Mauser bindiga harsashi 7,92x57 mm, tare da haske ko nauyi harsasai. Kuma a cikin 40s su da aka ɓullo da kuma amfani da makamai-sokin, makamai sokin Tracer, makamai sokin incendiary da sauran iri ammonium. Daga wannan itifaƙin cewa impetus ga canje-canje a cikin makamai da kuma tsarin dabara suka yi amfani da shi ne yakin duniya na biyu.

Kananan makamai, wanda aka yi amfani da kamfanin, kuma a bayansa da tare da wani sabon model na na'ura gun - MG-42. An ci gaba da dauka a cikin sabis a 1942. Designers ƙwarai rage wuya da kuma cheapen samar da makamai. Saboda haka, a lokacin da ta samarwa ne yadu amfani tabo waldi da stamping da yawan sassa aka rage zuwa 200. A jawo gun ba ka damar ci gaba a karkashin review, kawai atomatik wuta - 1200-1300 akai-akai da minti. Irin wannan gagarumin canje-canje da wani mummunan tasiri a kan zaman lafiya na naúra lokacin da harbi. Saboda haka, don tabbatar da daidaito da shawarar da harbe-harben short bursts. Harsasai ga wani sabon na'ura gun ne guda kamar yadda na MG-34. Range da nufin wuta da aka biyu kilomita. Aiki a kan inganta wannan zane ya ci gaba har karshen 1943, wanda ya kai ga halittar wani sabon canji, da aka sani da MG-45.

Wannan gun auna kawai 6.5 kg, da kuma kudi ya 2400 akai-akai da minti. Ba zato ba tsammani, a irin wannan kudi na wuta ba fariya da kowane daya dakaru na'ura gun a lokacin. Duk da haka, wannan canji ya zo latti da Wehrmacht aka ba dauke da makamai.

Anti-tanki bindigogi: PzB-39 da kuma Panzerschrek

PzB-39 ɓullo da a shekara ta 1938. Shi ne wani makami na yakin duniya na biyu, tare da dangi nasarar da aka amfani da farko zuwa yãƙi tankettes, tankuna da sulke da motocin da bulletproof makamai. Da gashi tankuna (Faransa B-1, Birtaniya "Mathilde" da "Churchill", da Soviet T-34 da kuma KV), wannan gun da aka ko dai m, ko ma mara amfani. A sakamakon haka, shi nan da nan maye gurbin antitank gurnati launchers da kuma roka-propelled bindigogi "panzerschreck", "Ofenror" da kuma sanannen "Panzerfaust". A PzB-39 7.92 zamo harsashi amfani mm. Harbe-harben kewayon mita 100, da ikon ba da damar canza "walƙiya" 35 mm makamai.

"Panzerschreck". Wannan Jamus haske anti-tanki makami ne a modified kwafin "Bazooka" American jet gun. Jamus zanen kaya sun bayar da ta kada, wanda aka kare ta kibiya zafi gas tsere daga bututun ƙarfe da gurneti. Wadannan makamai a matsayin wani fifiko kawota antitank kamfanin motorized bindiga regiments na tank rarrabuwa. Jet bindigogi sun exceptionally iko kayan aiki. "Panzerschreck" shi ne wani makami na kungiyar amfani da aka hidima lissafi, kunsha na uku mutane. Domin sun kasance sosai hadaddun, su yi amfani da ake bukata horo na musamman lissafin. A cikin duka a 1943-1944 shi aka bayar 314.000 raka'a bindigogi da kuma fiye da miliyan biyu da roka-propelled da gurneti a gare su.

Roka-propelled da gurneti, "bazookas" da "Panzerfaust"

A shekara ta farko da yakin duniya na biyu ya nuna cewa antitank bindigogi ba zai iya jimre da ayyuka, don haka da Jamus soja bukaci antitank makamai, wanda za ka iya ba dakaru, mukaddashin a kan manufa da "wuta - jẽfa." Development of a manual gurnati yarwa farkon m HASAG a 1942 (shugaba zanen Langvayler). Kuma a sa'an nan, a 1943 fara samar. A farko 500 "Panzerfaust" shiga cikin sojojin a watan Agusta na wannan shekara. Duk model na antitank gurnati sun kama a zane: sun kunshi na ganga (smoothbore kõma bututu) da kuma nadkalibernoy da gurneti. Don matsanancin surface na ganga welded guduma inji da saiti na'urar.

"Panzerfaust" shi ne daya daga cikin mafi iko versions "bazookas", wanda aka ɓullo da a karshen yaki. Da harbe-harben zangon shi ya 150 m da makamai - 280-320 mm. "Panzerfaust" ya maimaita yin amfani da wani makami. A ganga an bayar da wani gurnati bindiga riko, an located in jawo inji, da propellant cajin sanya shi a cikin akwati. Bugu da kari, da zanen kaya sun iya ƙara gudun jirgin da gurneti. Fiye da miliyan takwas gurnati daga duk versions da aka samar a lokacin yaki. Wannan irin makami sa muhimmanci asarar ga Soviet tankuna. Saboda haka, a cikin fadace-fadace a kan karkata daga Berlin na game da 30% na da sulke da motocin da aka lalata, da kuma a lokacin titi yãƙi a cikin babban birnin kasar na Jamus - 70%.

ƙarshe

A yakin duniya na biyu da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan kananan, ciki har da atomatik makamai na duniya, ta ci gaba da kuma yin amfani da dabara. Bisa ga sakamakon shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa, duk da halittar mafi zamani makamai, da rawar da dakaru raka'a ba rage. The tara kwarewa a cikin yin amfani da makamai a cikin wadanda shekaru ne ainihin kuma yau. A gaskiya, shi ya zama tushen ga ci gaba da kuma kyautata na kananan makamai.