Painters su ne zane-zane. Hotuna masu kyan gani na Rasha

Tun daga lokaci mai tsawo, mutane suna sha'awar yanayi. Sun nuna ƙaunar su, suna nuna shi a kan dukkan nau'o'in mosaics, bas-reliefs da zane-zane. Mutane da yawa masu fasaha masu kyan gani sun tsara kwarewarsu don zana shimfidar wurare. Hotunan, wanda ke nuna gandun dajin, teku, duwatsu, koguna, filayen, masu ban sha'awa sosai. Kuma muna buƙatar girmama manyan mashãwarta waɗanda, a cikin irin wannan dalla-dalla, da launi da halayyar zuciya, sun isar da ayyukansu da kyau da ikon duniya a kusa da mu. Yana da masu zane-zane da kuma tarihin su waɗanda za a bincika a wannan labarin. A yau zamu tattauna game da ayyukan manyan masu zane-zanen yanayi daban-daban.

Mashahurin masu zane-zane a cikin karni na 17

A cikin karni na XVII akwai mutane da yawa masu basira da suka fi so su nuna kyakkyawan yanayi. Wasu daga cikin shahararren sune Claude Lorrain da Jacob Isaac van Ruisdael. Tare da su za mu fara labarinmu.

Claude Lorrain

Faransanci mai suna Claude Lorrain ya yi la'akari da wanda ya kafa yanayin yanayin classicism. Ayyukansa suna halin jituwa mai ban mamaki da kuma abin da ke da mahimmanci. A rarrabe fasahar K. Lorrain ya da ikon flawlessly aika da hasken rana, ta haskoki nuna a cikin ruwa , da sauransu. D.

Duk da cewa an haifi Maestro ne a Faransa, ya yi yawancin rayuwarsa a Italiya, inda ya bar lokacin da yake ɗan shekara 13 kawai. Ya koma gida sau ɗaya kawai, sa'an nan kuma shekaru biyu.

Hanyoyin da aka fi sani da K. Lorren su ne zane-zanen "View of the Roman Forum" da kuma "View of the Port tare da Capitol". A zamaninmu za a iya ganin su a Louvre.

Yakubu Isaac van Reysdal

Yakubu van Ruisdal - wakilin hakikanin gaskiya - an haifi shi a Holland. A lokacin da ya yi tafiya zuwa Netherlands da Jamus, mai zane ya rubuta abubuwa masu yawa, waɗanda ke nuna bambanci da sauti, da launi da sanyi. Ɗaya daga cikin misalan mafi kyawun irin waɗannan zane-zane shine ƙauyuka na Turai.

Duk da haka, aikin mai fasahar ba'a iyakance shi ba ne kawai a cikin tasoshin gado - yana nuna shimfidar wurare da yankunan karkara. Mafi yawan shahararren ayyuka ana daukar su shine "Duba kauyen Egmond" da kuma "Landscape tare da wani ruwa".

Karni na XVIII

Don zane na karni na XVIII akwai abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa, a wannan lokacin sabon tsari a fannin fasaha da aka ambata. 'Yan wasan zane na Venetian, alal misali, sun yi aiki a irin wadannan wurare a matsayin wuri mai faɗi (wani suna ne mai faɗi na gari) da kuma gine-gine na gari (ko birane). Kuma filin wasan motsa jiki, a gefe guda, an raba shi zuwa ainihin da dama. Wani wakili mai mahimmanci na masu shiryarwa shine Francesco Guardi. Da tunaninsa da fasaha na iya kishi har ma masu fasahar zamani.

Francesco Guardi

Duk ba tare da togiya ba, aikinsa yana da alamar cikakkiyar hangen zaman gaba, mai ban mamaki furen furanni. Landscapes suna da ƙwaƙwalwar sihiri, yana da wuya a cire su.

Ayyukansa mafi ban sha'awa ana iya kiransu kullun "Dogon" Buchintoro "," Gondola a cikin lagon "," Gidan Venetian "da" Rio dei Mendicanti ". Dukan zane-zane yana nuna ra'ayoyin Venise.

William Turner

Wannan zane mai wakiltar romanticism.

Wani fasali na zane-zane shi ne yin amfani da ɗakuna da yawa na launin rawaya. Wannan lamari ne mai launin rawaya wanda ya zama babban fashe a cikin ayyukansa. Maigidan yayi bayanin wannan ta hanyar cewa ya danganta irin wannan tabarau da rana da tsarki da yake so ya gani a cikin zane-zanensa.

Ayyuka mafi kyau da kuma mai ban sha'awa na Turner shine "Hesperid Garden" - wani wuri mai ban mamaki.

Ivan Aivazovsky da Ivan Shishkin

Wadannan mutane biyu sune mafi girma kuma mafi shahararrun masu zane-zane na kasar Rasha. Na farko - Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky - wanda aka kwatanta a cikin zane-zane mai girma na teku. Rashin abubuwa masu yawa, raƙuman ruwa masu tasowa, ƙuƙwalwar kumfa da ke kan gefen jirgi wanda aka ƙera, ko tsararru, mai zurfi, hasken rana - hasken teku yana murna da kuma mamaki da dabi'arta da kyakkyawa. A hanyar, irin wadannan masu zane-zane masu launi suna kiransa hotuna na ruwa. Na biyu - Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin - yana so ya kwatanta gandun daji.

Kuma Shishkin, da Aivazovsky - masu zane-zane na karni na 19. Bari mu zauna a kan tarihin waɗannan mutane a cikakkun bayanai.

A 1817, an haifi ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun masarufi na duniya, Ivan Aivazovsky.

An haife shi a wani dangi mai arziki, mahaifinsa dan kasuwa ne na Armenia. Ba abin mamaki ba a cikin cewa maestro na gaba zai sami rauni ga nauyin teku. Bayan haka, gidan mahaifar wannan zane-zane shine Theodosius - birni mafi kyau a tashar jiragen ruwa.

A 1839 Ivan sauke karatu daga St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, inda ya yi karatu na tsawon shekaru shida. Halin aikin zanen kwaikwayo ya tasiri ƙwarai da aikin aikin zanen na Faransa na Faransa K. Vernet da C. Lorren, waɗanda suka zana hotunan su bisa ga canons na baroque-classicism. Mafi shahararren aikin IK Aivazovsky shi ne zanen "Wave na Tara", wanda aka kashe a 1850.

Bugu da ƙari, a cikin teku, babban zane-zane ya yi aiki a kan tashe-tashen hankula (wani misali mai kyau - zane-zane "Chesme War", 1848), kuma ya keɓe da yawa daga cikin zane-zanensa a kan batutuwa na tarihin Armenia ("Ziyarci Gidauniyar G. G. Byron Mkhitarists kusa da Venice", 1880 G.).

Aivazovsky ya kasance mai farin ciki don cimma burin mai ban sha'awa a yayin rayuwarsa. Mutane da yawa masu zane-zane, waɗanda suka zama sananne a nan gaba, suna sha'awar ayyukansa kuma sun dauki misali daga gare shi. Mai girma mahalicci ya shuɗe a 1990.

An haifi Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich a watan Janairun 1832 a birnin Yelabug. Gidan da Vanya ya haifa bai kasance mai kyau ba (mahaifinsa ba abokin ciniki ba ne). A shekara ta 1852, Shishkin ya fara karatunsa a Makarantar Kwalejin zane-zane na Moscow, Sculpture and Architecture, wanda zai zama digiri a cikin shekaru hudu, a 1856. Ko da farko ayyukan Ivan Ivanovich suna halin da kyau kyakkyawa da kuma fasaha wanda ba a bace ba. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki bane a cikin 1865, don zanen "Duba a kusa da Dusseldorf," An ba Shishkin lakabin malaman kimiyya. Kuma bayan shekaru takwas ya sami lakabin farfesa.

Kamar sauran wuri mai faɗi da painters, Shishkin fentin daga rayuwa, jawabin da dogon lokaci a waje, a wuraren da ba wanda zai iya ta da.

Shahararren shahararren marubucin mai girma mai taken "Forest Forest" da kuma "Morning in the Forest Forest", da aka rubuta a 1872, da kuma zane-zane na farko "Noon. A kusa da Moscow "(1869)

An katse rayuwar mutum mai basira a cikin spring of 1898.

Yawancin zane-zane na kasar Rasha suna amfani da cikakken zane-zane da kuma launi na launi lokacin rubuta rubutunsu. Haka zamu iya cewa game da wadannan wakilan biyu na zane na Rasha.

Alexey Savrasov

Alexey Kondratievich Savrasov shine mai zane-zane a cikin duniya. Yana da wanda aka dauke shi ne wanda ya kafa fagen fagen wasan Rasha.

An haifi mutumin nan mai girma a Moscow a 1830. Tun daga 1844, Alexei ya fara karatunsa a Makarantar Koyon Zane-zane na Makarantar Moscow. Tuni tun yana matashi, an lura da shi don basirarsa na musamman da kuma ikon yin nuni da shimfidar wurare. Duk da haka, duk da haka, saboda dalilai na iyali, an tilasta saurayi ya katse karatunsa kuma ya sake cigaba da shi ne kawai bayan shekaru hudu.

Mafi shahararren aiki da aka fi so da Savrasov shi ne, hakika, zane "Rokuna Sun Yi." An gabatar da shi a Sashen Hanya na Mobile a shekarar 1971. Ba mai ban sha'awa ba ne hotunan IK Savrasov "Rye", "Thaw", "Winter", "Proselok", "Rainbow", "Elk Island". Duk da haka, bisa ga masu sukar, babu wani aikin zane-zane idan aka kwatanta da mahimmancinsa "Rokuna Sun Yi."

Duk da cewa Savrasov ya rubuta wasu kyawawan kaya masu kyau kuma an riga an san shi a matsayin mawallafin zane-zane, an manta da shi nan da nan. Kuma a shekara ta 1897 ya mutu a talauci, ya damu da matsalolin iyali, mutuwar yara da shan barasa.

Amma manyan zane-zane Ba za'a iya manta ba. Suna zaune a cikin zane-zanensu, daga abubuwan da suke da ban sha'awa, kuma har yanzu muna iya sha'awar har yau.

Kashi na biyu na karni na sha tara

Wannan lokaci yana nuna halin da ake ciki a cikin zane na Rasha na irin wannan shugabanci kamar yadda ya kamata a yau da kullum. A cikin wannan tashar, yawancin fina-finai na kasar Rasha sun yi aiki, ciki har da Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky. Babu kasa sanannun artists na lokaci sun Vasily Polenov, Arseny Meshchersky, kazalika da a baya aka bayyana Aivazovsky da Shishkin, wanda aikin da a kan tsakiyar-biyu da rabi na karni na sha tara.

Arseny Meshchersky

An haifi wannan shahararrun masanin fim a 1834 a lardin Tver. Ya karbi iliminsa a Jami'ar Kasa ta Kasa, inda ya yi karatun shekaru uku. Babban jigogi na marubucin zane-zane sun zama gandun daji da kuma hunturu shimfidar. Mai zane-zane yana sha'awar nuna hotunan da ya nuna game da Crimea da Caucasus tare da manyan duwatsu. A shekara ta 1876 ya sami lakabi na farfesa a zane-zane.

Labaran da suka fi nasara da shahararrun su ne zane-zane "Winter. Icebreaker "," View of Geneva "," Ruwa a cikin Alps "," kusa da Forest Lake "," Southern Landscape "," Duba cikin Crimea ".

Bugu da kari a Rasha yanayi, Meschersky kuma kai da kyau na Switzerland. A cikin wannan ƙasa, ya ɗanɗana kwarewa tare da mai kula da zane-zane na Kalam.

Kuma ubangijin yana jin dadin shinge da rubutu. A cikin wadannan dabarun, ya kuma halicci abubuwa masu ban mamaki.

Yawancin zane-zane na zane-zane a cikin tambayoyin an nuna su a lokacin nune-nunen duka a Rasha da sauran ƙasashe na duniya. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa suna da lokaci don godiya da basira da kuma ainihin wannan mutumin kirki. Ayyukan Arseniy Meshchersky na ci gaba da faranta wa mutane da yawa da suke jin daɗin sana'a, har yau.

Makovsky Vladimir Egorovich

Makovsky V. Ye aka haifi a Moscow a 1846. Mahaifinsa shi ne sanannen zane. Vladimir ya yanke shawara ya bi gurbin ubansa kuma ya sami ilimin fasaha a Makarantar Zane-zane ta Moscow, Sinawa da Gine-gine, bayan haka ya tafi Petersburg.

Yawan zane-zane mafi kyau shine "Jiran. A kurkuku, "" Rushewar banki, "" Bayani, "" Tsarin dare "da kuma" Spring Bacchanalia. " Ayyuka sun fi nuna mutane talakawa da kuma al'amuran yau da kullum.

Baya ga shimfidar wuraren gida, wanda shi ne mai sarrafawa, Makovsky kuma ya zana hotunan da misalai daban-daban.