Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Biography da Creativity

Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Mawallafin Turanci, mai zane da zane-zane, wanda ya zama daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' ''. A cikin ayyukansa - zane-zane, waƙoƙi da sauti - ya kiyaye tsarki na fasaha, kyauta daga ilmin kimiyya, yaba da labarin romance na Early Renaissance. Daya daga cikin fi so jigogi na Pre-Raphaelites ya unrequited soyayya. Kuma dukan rayuwar Rossetti, wata hanya ko kuma wani, ya yi ta kewaye da ita. Mata sun yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, suka zama jarumi na tasirinsa. Duk da haka, ba'a iya kiran dangantaka da ƙaunataccen mai sauki ba, kamar yadda, hakika, dukan rayuwarsa.

Iyali

An haifi Dante Gabriel Rossetti a ranar 12 ga Mayu, 1828. Mahaifinsa, Gabriele Rossetti, dan Italiyanci ne, wanda saboda dalilai na siyasa ya tafi Ingila. Ya koyar da harshe da wallafe-wallafen a ƙasar King's College. Uba ya shuka dansa a matsayin ɗan Italiyanci, musamman ga ayyukan Dante Alighieri, wanda bai shafi sunan ɗan yaro kawai ba, har ma abubuwan da suke so da kuma burin da zai ci gaba da rayuwarsa.

Uwargida Rossetti - Francis Mary Lavinia Polidori - ta fito ne daga iyalin Gaetano Polidori, masanin kimiyya da kuma 'yan kasashen waje daga Italiya. Tun lokacin da yaro, Dante Gabriel ya girma ne a wani yanayi na fasaha kuma an fara haɗakar da mahaifinsa tare da ayyukan mai girma mawaki da kuma tauhidin, wanda aka girmama sunansa. 'Yan uwansa da ɗan'uwansa kuma suna da basirar wallafe-wallafen. Maria Francesca ta zama marubucin littafin "Shadow Dante". Yarinya mai suna, Christina, ya zama sanannen marubuci. Kuma Brother William ya zama mawallafi wanda ya kirkiro ƙungiyar Pre-Raphaelite da kuma wani malamin rubutu.

Horo

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, wanda aikinsa ya fara bugawa a lokacin da yake dan shekaru 15, ya yi karatu a makarantar Sarakuna na London tun yana da shekaru 9. Matakan farko na samfurin marubucin marubucin sun kasance a cikin wallafe-wallafe. A cikin shekaru 5, Rossetti ya buga wasan kwaikwayo, a cikin labarin 13 - labarin. Ilimin fasaha na ɗan yaron ya kasance. Ya fara ne da makarantar zane, inda Rossetti ya shiga shekaru 16 da haihuwa, inda ya yi karatu a karkashin jagorancin DS Kotmen. Sa'an nan, daga 1841, Cibiyar Nazarin Zanen Henry Henry. Shekaru biyar bayan haka sai ya zama dalibi na tarihin zane-zane, wanda ke aiki a Royal Academy.

Daga bisani, dan lokaci dan malamin Dante Medox Brown ne, wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda bai fi Rossetti sha'awar wallafe-wallafe ba. A 1848, ya sadu da Holman Hunt, wanda zai taimaka masa ya inganta fasaha na aiki tare da man fetur a yayin da aka fara gabatar da zane-zane na farko na Raphaelite.

Ilimi na 'yan uwa

Ƙungiyar asiri, wadda ta haifar da sabon sababbin shayari da zane-zane, an kafa shi a cikin 50s na karni na XIX. Rossetti yana da shekaru 18. Amma godiya ga halin da yake da shi a kan fasaha, ya iya zama jagoran 'yan uwa na Farko. Tare da Holman Hunt da matasa John Everett Milles, sun yanke shawarar cewa kimiyya, wadda ta mamaye zanen wannan lokacin, yana cike da tarurruka da kuma imanin makafi. Ya keta fasaha, yana ƙin kusan wani sabon abu. Bisa ga masu halartar 'yan uwantaka, farfadowar zane na Turanci zai iya dawowa da al'adun Italiyanci na Early Renaissance.

Komawa zuwa sauki da tsarki

Dalilin da ya dace da mutanen Raphaelites shi ne irin rubuce-rubucen masu fasaha da suka tsara kafin Raphael: Perugino, Fra Angelico, Giovanni Bellini. Harshen Turanci ya ji daɗin kwarewa da gaskiya daga zane-zane na masarautar Italiya na Early Renaissance. Tsarki da gaskiya, girmamawa ga abubuwan da suka gabata da kuma romanticism, kin amincewa da halin yanzu da kuma rashin amincewa da ilmin kimiyya an hada su a cikin ayyukan Pre-Raphaelites tare da karatu mai mahimmanci game da abubuwan da aka tsara, ƙaddamarwa ta hanyar zane. Sunan jagorancin su ne suka jagoranci su, amma su kansu sun haifa a yanzu, wanda daga baya ya jagoranci ci gaban zamani kuma ya haifar da alamar alama. An wallafa Manifesto na 'Yancin Rabalan' Yan Jarida a cikin mujallar Rostok, wadda aka wallafa daga Janairu zuwa Afrilu 1850 ta mambobin kungiyar.

Sabuwar kallo a saba da mãkirci

A karo na farko haruffa PRB, ma'anar 'yan' yan 'Yancin Rahadiyya ("Brotherhood of Pre-Raphaelites"), ya bayyana a cikin tarihin Rossetti "Matasa na Virgin Mary" (1848-1849). Misali na zane ne mahaifiyar 'yar'uwar' yar wasa. Kuma wannan shi ne daya daga cikin bambancin tsakanin Tsarin Raphaelites da ilimin kimiyya: 'yan uwa na' yan uwantaka na neman dabi'a sun ki yarda da ayyuka na kwararren likita, ba da fifiko ga abokai da dangi.

Aikin Pre-Raphaelites sau da yawa ya juya ga batutuwa na Littafi Mai Tsarki. Duk da haka, karatun su ya bambanta da muhimmanci daga hotuna da suka zauna a cikin fasaha. Misali na wannan - daya daga cikin zane-zane da Dante Gabriel Rossetti ya rubuta, - "An bayyana". A cikin zane-zane na kimiyya, an nuna Virgin Mary a kullum a matsayin abin ƙyama, yana karɓar kyautar Allah tare da alhakin haɗin. A cikin zane na Rossetti, muna ganin yarinyar da ta fi kowa, tsoro kuma ta hannun mala'ika kuma ya kawo musu saƙo. Irin wannan fassarar ya sadu da zuwan Raphaelite ga gaskiya kuma, a hankali, ya haifar da haushi.

Rossetti dan wasa ne

Ayyukan Dante Gabriel Rossetti mafi kyawun halitta sun kasance daga cikin shekarun 1850 zuwa 1860. An fahimci salonsa: 'yan jaridu na waje, waɗanda fuskokinsu ke nuna wani aiki mai ciki, da abun da ke ciki da manyan ƙididdiga masu yawa a fagen farko da kuma bayanan minti na abubuwan da ke baya. Ayyukansa suna cike da alamomi, an haife ta daga haɗin cikakkun bayanai da hotuna masu ban sha'awa. Rossetti bai nema duhu launuka minimizes haske da launi - da yake ya zane-zane da haske Paint ne mai tsabta da kuma haske. Mai zane ya yi amfani da layi a cikin ayyukansa, yana ba da karin bayani ko jin tausayi ga hotuna tare da taimakon abubuwan da suka dace.

Masu sukar fasaha sun nuna yadda zanen Rossetti ya kasance mai ado da kuma abin da yake da kyau. Abinda ya kasance na ƙarshe shine mafi kyau ya bayyana a yayin aiwatar da zanen ganuwar, wanda ke cikin ɗayan gine-ginen Jami'ar Oxford. Yarjejeniyar da aka zaba ita ce misalin da Thomas Malory ya rubuta game da littafin "Mutuwar Sarki Arthur".

Rossetti mawaki ne

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, wanda ayoyinsa suke da muhimmanci a sauƙaƙe suna aiki tare da ayyukan Shakespeare, sau da yawa suna amfani da batutuwa guda daya don sonnets da canvases. Zanen kwaikwayo da shayari a cikin aikinsa ba su rabuwa. Ya haɗu da jigogi don zane-zane a cikin ayar kuma ya cika da waƙoƙin hoto na musamman da sauti. Ra'ayoyin Raphaelites Rossetti ya lura a cikin shayari. Ya kusan bai taba magana a kan batutuwa masu batu ba, yana cika ayoyi tare da launi na launi. Rubutun da kuma waƙoƙin Dante Gabriel suna cike da alamomi kuma an rarrabe su ta hanyar kyakkyawan bayani game da bayanai, kamar ɗakinsa. Ya yi amfani da juyi mai ban mamaki, da gangan ya sake ƙarfafa matsalolin kalmomi, sanya sababbin maganganu a cikin yanayin da ba zato ba kuma don haka ya sami fifiko na musamman.

Babban tarihin poetic, Dante Gabriel Rossetti ne, shine "House of Life". Wannan rukunin sauti na 101. Kowannensu ya bayyana wani lokaci a cikin mawallafin rayuwa: wani sa'a ko yanayi mai wucewa, hoto da aka gani ko rubuta. Sau da yawa, Rossetti ya juya zuwa ballads. Ya yi amfani da fasaha da tsoffin tsofaffin labarun da fasaha, hada su da fasahar zamani da kuma samar da ayyuka masu ban sha'awa.

Muses

Ressetti matar nan gaba ta hadu a 1850. Elizabeth Siddol ya kasance abin da ya dace da kyakkyawar kyan gani na Raphaelite kuma ya sanya wa 'yan uwantaka' yan uwanci dama. Ɗaya daga cikin zane-zane masu ban sha'awa da ke ci gaba da hotunanta ita ce ta Rossetti. "Beatrice mai albarka" ya nuna ƙaunatacciyar ƙaunatacce Dante Alighieri a cikin wata barci a lokacin da tsuntsu yana nuna alamar mutuwar yana sanya fure mai tsayi a hannunta. Elizabeth, mai fama da tarin fuka, ya mutu shekaru biyu bayan bikin auren, a 1862, daga wani kariyar opium (bisa ga fasali ɗaya, an kashe kansa). Mutumin da ba ya jin dadi ya sanya "gidan rai" ƙaunatacce a cikin akwatin gawa. Duk da haka, bayan 'yan shekaru baya, Rossetti ya amince da jin dadin jiki da kuma biyan littafin shayari.

Wani mai zane mai hoto shine Fanny Cornforth, wanda aka nuna a hoton "Lady Lilith" (Lady Lilith). Dante Gabriel Rossetti ya sadu da wata kyakkyawan yarinya, amma yarinya maras ilimi a shekara ta 1858, kuma dangantaka ta kusan kusan dukkanin rayuwar, duk da auren dan wasan da dangantaka da Jane Morris. Fanny sau da yawa ya nemi Rossetti. Yana da sauƙin ganewa a cikin hotuna "Bayan Kiss", "Lucrezia Borgia" kuma an riga an kira shi "Lady Lilith". Dante Gabriel Rossetti ya fadi tare da Fanny a 1877, lokacin da lafiyar jiki da tunanin tunanin mutum ya zama raunana.

Kwanan nan

Bayan mutuwar Elizabeth Rossetti ya zama abin da ya faru. A wannan lokacin, tare da Fanny, babban nauyin da shi ke da ita shine Jane Morris, matar abokinsa William. Her hoton ya bayyana a cikin hotuna na Proserpine, Mariana, Veronica Veronese da sauran mutane. Zaman lafiyar mai zane ya fara raunana. Ya ƙi shiga cikin nune-nunen, yana ƙaruwa ya dogara ga haɓakar chloral. Tun daɗewa Jane ya zauna tare da Rossetti tare da amincewa tacit na mijinta, wanda ya bar Iceland a 1871. Duk da haka, ganin yadda yanayin rashin jin dadin mutum ya ci gaba da karuwa da kuma shan ƙwayar magungunansa, sai ta janye daga Rossetti, kuma an danganta dangantaka da su.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti ya mutu a ranar 9 ga Afrilu, 1882. Kuma watanni biyu bayan haka an nuna wani zane na dukan ayyukansa, wanda babban nasara ne a Ingila. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, wanda tarihinsa yake cike da haske da abubuwan da suka faru, ya bar wata alama mai ban sha'awa a fasaha. Ayyukansa sunyi koyi, mashahurin marigayi XIX - farkon karni na XX yayi nazarin su. A yau a cikin fasaha akwai kalmar "rossetism", tare da hada manyan masanan da suka kirkiro a cikin hanyar mai girma Pre-Raphaelite.