Sachsenhausen - taro sansanin. Tarihi, description. Nazi laifuka

Shin ka taba gani da Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin)? Mene ne wannan? Wanda Ya halitta shi? A wadannan da sauran tambayoyi za ka sami amsoshi a cikin labarin. Sachsenhausen ne a maida hankali sansanin da Nazi. Ya aka sanya shi a cikin Jamus, kusa da garin Oranienburg. A shekarar 1945, 22 Afrilu, ya sake ta Soviet sojojin. Kafin 1950, wannan wuri shi ne mai wucewa sansanin gudun hijira na NKVD.

labarin

Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin) da aka kafa a 1936, a watan Yuli. A tsawon shekaru, yawan fursunonin kunshe ne a cikin shi, har zuwa 60 000 mutane. A kan ƙasa na wannan masana'anta na mutuwa kashe more bambancin hanya 100 000 fursunoni.

Akwai shirye da kuma perepodgotavlivalis "cadres" domin riga kafa da kuma sabon kafa sansani. Game da Sachsenhausen daga Agusta 2, 1936 housed hedkwatar "dubawa taro sansanonin", wanda a watan Maris 1942 ya zama memba na tuƙi kungiyar D (taro sansanin) Main tattalin arziki-administrative jiki SS.

Sachsenhausen - taro sansanin, inda wani boye kanta kwamitin da aka kafa, wanda kula da wani m, mai girma conspiratorial kungiyar na fursunoni. A Gestapo iya same ta ba. Karkashin kasa karkashin Janar Aleksandr Semonovich Zotov.

A shekarar 1945, 21 Afrilu, aka ba shi domin fara mutuwa Maris. Nazis shirya ya fiye da dubu 30 fursunoni ginshikan 500 maza jefa a cikin Baltic Sea Riviera da kuma sanya a Bartmann-Wulf. Suna so da kotun za ta janye daga cikin tudu da nutsar. Tikis da baya da baya mutane a kan Maris aka harba. Saboda haka, a Mecklenburg a cikin dazuzzuka kusa Belova da dama da ɗari fursunoni da aka kashe. Shirya taro tsiyacewa da fursunoni, duk da haka, ba za a iya aiwatar, tun da taimakon isa, sai ga Soviet sojojin. Su ne a farkon watan Mayu na shekarar 1945 da warware mutanen a kan Maris.

G. N. Van der Bel (Sachsenhausen fursuna a karkashin lamba 38190) ya rubuta cewa 26 000 fursunoni a kan Afrilu 20, ya bar sansanin da dare. Wannan abin da fara cikin watan Maris. Hakika, a farko da suka samu a wagon kuma koro ta fita daga cikin infirmary marasa lafiya.

Game da rabi daga cikin fursunonin da suka halarci a cikin watan Maris na mutuwa, ko aka kashe shi a kan hanya, ko ya mutu. Amma tsira da mãsu shaida. Advanced raka'a Soviet sojojin a shekarar 1945, Afrilu 22, sai ya shiga Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin), wanda a lokacin yana da game da 3,000 fursunonin.

"A" hasumiya

Saboda haka, mu ci gaba da la'akari da kara Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin). Tower "A" - abin da yake da shi? Yana ELECTROPULT wanda gudamawar na yanzu amfani da barbed waya da kuma raga miƙa kewaye da sansanin a cikin wani babban alwatika. Hasumiyar kuma kasance shirya Kwamandan kuma CAT Sachsenhausen. A ƙofofin da aka rubũtacce da cynical jumlar Arbeit Machorka Frei ( «Work sa ka free"). Total taro sansanin da goma sha tara hasumiya, daga abin da harbe da karkararta.

Platz cak

Very m ya Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin). Tarihi ya nuna cewa a wannan wuri akwai wani farati-ƙasa dubawa. A da shi da aka za'ayi da yi kiran sau uku a rana. Idan akwai wani gudun hijira a sansanin, da fursunoni aka tilasta tsaya a kan farati ƙasa Muddin ɗan gudun hijira ne ba kama. A wannan wuri kuma gudanar da jama'a yanke hukuncin kisa - akwai gumagumai.

tashar Z

Yana kama da Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin)? Photos of wannan ma'aikata za a iya samu a wani thematic wallafe. Su iya ganin tashar Z - wani gini da aka located waje cikin ƙasa na taro sansanin. Cewa babu aka za'ayi da kisan kiyashi.

Wannan tsarin da aka sanya a kan kayan aiki da abin da Executioner harbe a kai, da gas jam'iyya, gina a 1943, da kuma crematorium kunshi hudu Tanderu. Wani lokaci kai mutane suka tafi can kai tsaye ba tare da faruwa ta hanyar rajista, a wani taro sansanin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ba wanda zai iya tantance ainihin adadin mutanen da suka hallaka a nan.

Shine gwajin

Around farati ƙasa da aka posted hanya daga tara daban-daban coatings, wanda Nazis samar gwaji takalma. Daily zaba fursunoni a kan shi ya ci nasara sorokakilometrovye nisa a daban-daban gudu. Wannan gwajin a shekarar 1944, da SS wuya. Suka tilasta mutane su ci takalma da kuma kawo karami bags na goma da kuma wani lokacin ashirin da biyar kilo. Fursunoni yanke masa hukumcin wata ingancin rajistan shiga takalma ga lokaci daga wata daya zuwa shekara guda. Idan mutum ya aikata wani musamman tsanani laifi, shi ne sanya wani m jumla.

Wadannan laifuffuka da aka dauke ɓarna da gangan, kuɓuta, sake-ƙoƙari wani kuɓuta, ziyarar da wani barikin, manakisa ta ɓarna da gangan, gabatarwa posts na waje riwayar, pedophilia (art. 176), kishili karuwanci, fyade ko kama-karya da namiji maza da babban sansanin da kishili, ayyukan ɗan kishili aikata by da samun izini namiji maza. 'Yan luwadi, wanda ya iso Sachsenhausen, tutur azãba samu nan da nan (Articles 175 da 175a).

asibiti barikin

Sachsenhausen - taro sansanin, inda likita gwaje-gwajen da aka za'ayi mugayen. Wannan abu da aka kawota likita cibiyoyin a Jamus zanga-zanga daga ilimin Halittar Jiki abubuwa.

Moat domin yanke hukuncin kisa

A mafi shahara Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin)? A jerin fursunonin da shi mai girma ne. Wannan mutuwa factory aka sanye take da wani da ake kira harbi gallery, wani asibitin, mechanized gumagumai da strelbischnym shaft. Gumagumai aka sanye take da madauki ga shugaban fursuna da kuma wani akwatin a cikin abin da ya sanya ƙafafunsa. A gaskiya, da azabtar da aka mĩƙe ta, ba rataye. A Gestapo amfani da shi a matsayin manufa, yin amfani da harbi.

kurkuku gini

A sansanin Gestapo kurkuku da kuma Tselenbau aka gina a cikin 1936. Bã su da wani T-siffar. Special fursunoni aka sa a kurkuku, Kadaitaccen da tamanin. Daga cikin su kasance Janar Stefan Grot-Stefan Rowecki - na farko kwamandan na Home Army. Ya aka harbe a cikin taro sansanin bayan da farkon da Warsaw tawayen.

Mutane da yawa tunawa Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin). Bandera Stepan Taras Bulba-Borovets da kuma wasu sauran shugabannin kasa motsi a Ukraine sun kuma an kammala cikin wannan kurkuku. Wasu daga cikin su Jamusawa da aka saki a cikin marigayi 1944.

Akwai languishing a zaman talala, da fasto Nemoller. A wannan kurkuku ma dauke da sauran firistoci (game da 600 rayukanku), babban jami'in sojan kasar, daban-daban na siyasa Figures, kazalika da mambobi ne na aiki motsi daga Faransa, da Netherlands, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Jamus, da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Luxembourg.

Yau, dukan hagu reshe na kawai kurkuku a biyar da bẽnãye wanda yake shi ne m nuni da National Socialist lokaci. Ta gaya game da ayyukan wannan ma'aikata na mutuwa. A wasu masallatai (General Grot-Stefan Rowecki) saka plaques sansanin fursunonin.

NKVD musamman sansanin

A shekarar 1945, a watan Agusta, ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa Sachsenhausen "Special sansanin lambar 7" na NKVD. Wadannan da aka sanya tsohon fursunonin yaki. Suna Soviet 'yan kasa, ana sa ran komawa zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet, da Social Democrats, m da kwaminisanci-gurguzu zamantakewa tsarin, tsohon' yan Nazi jam'iyyar, kazalika da tsohon Jamus jami'an "Wehrmacht" da kuma kasashen waje. A shekara ta 1948, wannan makaman da aka sake masa suna "Special sansanin lambar 1". A sakamakon haka, akwai shi ne mafi girma na uku na musamman sansanonin, wanda dauke interned a cikin Soviet sashi na zama. Yana da aka rufe a 1950.

Wannan ma'aikata dade kawai 5 years old. Amma a wannan lokaci shi gudanar ya dauki 60,000 Soviet fursunonin yaki, wanda daga ci da kuma yunwa, yayin da a tsare mutu game da 12 dubu rayuka.

kungiyoyin da fursunoni

A yau shi ne wuya ga mutane don tuna da Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin). A jerin fursunonin shi ne babbar. Yanzu za mu gaya game da kungiyoyin da fursunoni. A cewar wasu rahotanni, a Sachsenhausen kafofin watsa labarai ruwan hoda alwatika sun, da sauransu. A cikin tsawon tun da aka kafa ta, na maida hankali zango har 1943 a can ne aka kashe 600 wakilan jima'i 'yan tsiraru. Tun 1943, gay maza kagaggun yi aiki a sansanin asibiti ma'aikatan jinya da kuma likitoci. Bayan yaki da yawa daga cikin tsira fursunoni sun kishili, da Jamusanci gwamnati ba ta bayar da diyya.

Sachsenhausen yau

Gudun hijirar gwamnati a 1956 kafa wani taro a zangon ƙasa na kasa tunawa, wanda aka kaddamar a 1961, a ranar 23 ga watan Afrilu. A sa'an nan, gwamnati ta quduri niyyar rarraba zaki ya share na asali gine-gine da kuma shigar da wani mutum-mutumi, an obelisk, don ƙirƙirar wani wuri domin tarurruka. Aikin ɓarna, kuma jaddada 'yan adawa da kuma a bayyane idan aka kwatanta da sauran kungiyoyin.

Yau Sachsenhausen ne gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma tunawa. Da karkararta ne bude ga jama'a. Da dama Tsarin da gine-gine da aka kiyaye su kuma an kerata: taro sansanin ƙofofi, watchtowers, sansanin barikin (a kan Yahudawa part) da kuma crematorium dafuwa.

A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da wadanda aka kashe a sansanin 'yan luwadi commemorative plaque aka bayyana a cikin shekarar 1992. A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya a 1998, akwai wani nuni kishin Shaidun Jehobah cewa - cikin fursunonin Sachsenhausen.

sananne abõkan

Mutane da yawa fiye za a iya gaya game da Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin). Lists na fursunonin da karatunsa zuwa yanzu. Mafi shahara fursunonin wannan ma'aikata na mutuwa sun kamar haka:

• Dan I. V. Stalina - Dzhugashvili Yakubu. Ya harbe agogo a 1943. A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, a demonstrative yunkurin tserewa.
• Stepan Bandera - jagoran Ukrainian nationalists. Fito da gwamnatin kasar Jamus.
• Jaroslav Stetsko - jagoran Ukrainian nationalists. Sake ta Jamus hukumomi.
• Dmitriy Mihaylovich Karbyshev - kãmamme Red Army general. Ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa Mauthausen, inda ya rasu.
• Lambert Kakakin - gurguzu, Jamus jama'a da kuma siyasa adadi. Ya mutu daga cutar sankarar bargo.
• Fritz Thyssen - Jamus industrialist kuma dan siyasa, shugaban na karfe kamfani. Ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa Buchenwald.
• Aleksandr Semonovich Zotov - Janar, wanda ya jagoranci karkashin kasa sansanin.
• Jurek Becker - Jamus marubuci kuma screenwriter, da ke cikin sansanin kadan, tare da mahaifiyarsa.
• Max Lademann - Jamus zamantakewa da siyasa himmar aiki, kwaminisanci, juyin juya halin Musulunci.
• Karin Erdmann - Social Democrat, a Jamus jarida.

commandants na taro sansanonin

Kwamandan Sachsenhausen sun Karl Otto Koch (Yuli 1936 - Yuli 1937), Gans Helvig (Agusta 1937 - 1938), Hermann Baranowski (1938 - Satumba 1939), Walter Eisfeld (Satumba 1939 - Maris 1940), Hans Loritz (Afrilu 1940 - Agusta 1942), Anton Kaindl (Agusta 31, 1942 - Afrilu 22, 1945).

A hanya zuwa Sachsenhausen

Mutane da yawa ban sha'awa ganin Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin). Yadda za a samu ga mutuwa sansanonin? Wajibi ne a Berlin Central Station fitar a cikin shugabanci da tashar Brandenburg Oranienburg kewayen birni jirgin kasa (S-Bahn). The tafiya yana da minti 45.

Da zarar ka zo a Oranienburg (karshe tasha), dole ne ka yi tafiya zuwa Sachsenhausen 3 km (yawo daukan 20 minutes) ko kai shi a kan wani bas. A gidan kayan gargajiya ƙofar ne free. Ga za ka iya saya da audio shiryarwa. Idan kana bukatar wani jagora, to, kana bukatar tara wani rukuni (m 15 mutane) .Dole yana biya 1 Yuro. Akwai yawon shakatawa suna miƙa a dukkan harsuna.

da yawa gardama da jirgin sama daga Rasha zuwa Berlin. Za ka iya samun bayanai game da cheap flights zuwa Jamus. Har ila yau, to Berlin daga Moscow tare da Belarushiyanci tashar jirgin za a iya isa ta jirgin kasa, wanda gudanar a jikinmu wani mako. Travel lokaci ne daga 26 zuwa 29 hours.

wasu bayanai

Mutane da yawa suka kawo baƙin ciki Sachsenhausen (taro sansanin). Stalin ya kāsa ya cece shi daga hannun ɗansa. Blokfyurery gangarawa ta Kwamandan wani taro sansanin gasar a inganta bushe na mutuwa. Kamar yadda ta yi ciki ta SS, da crematorium da gumagumai kasance sa tsõro daga cikin dubban fursunonin yaki, ya kawo wa Sachsenhausen. A hotuna a nunin, da kuma Notes don bayar da shawarar wani: fuskokin da fursunoni faruwa ga scaffold, babu tsõro a kansu, babu tsõro.

An sani cewa waje na Jamus ba su iya rarrabe tsakanin Soviet mutane - domin su, sun kasance duk a kan mutum daya. Don gane da Yahudawa, da Nazis tilasta fursunoni don su washe kayan tsirara, to sami kaciyar. Idan truncated haka Bayahude. The fursunoni aka kuma tilasta wa ihu da kalmar "masara". Idan wani mutum da wani guragura, shi nan da nan harbe.

Kamar yadda tare da sauran mutuwa sansanonin, nagartaccen azabtarwa dabaru da aka ɓullo da a Sachsenhausen. Ga wani karamin mutum zargi mai tsanani dukan tsiya tare da sanduna, da karfe waya, roba bulala, sun rataye a kan wani iyakacin duniya tare da igiyoyi ko sarƙoƙi na Twisted hannuwanku. Wadannan izgili da ake kira SS azãba, kuma fursunoni - laifi. A gaskiya, kadai "laifi" fursunoni shi ne cewa su aka kama ko sun kasance Yahũdãwa. Munin azabtarwa ƙirƙira ga mata haihuwa. A Sachsenhausen fursunoni Jamusawa samu sabon iri poisons, mai guba abubuwa, gas, shirye-shirye da typhus, konewa da sauran raunin da ailments.

Gwaje-gwajen a kan effects a kan mutane da sinadarai da aka sanya kawai a kan Soviet fursunoni. Kashe SS amfani da guba gas cewa lambu kwari kare. Amma ba su san abin da kashi na mutuwa ake bukata domin mutane. Don ayyana shi, suka gudanar da gwaje-gwajen a fursunonin da aka herded cikin cellar, canza kashi da kuma kayyade lokacin mutuwa.

A Sachsenhausen sanya makiya na Nazi gwamnatin fadin Turai. Duk da harshen shãmaki, kasancewar a sansanin mulki gaske Inter-kabilanci Solidarity, fraternity. Czechs, Norwegians, Jamus antifascists, da Dutch - m aiki teams, da headman na barikin, clerks tsĩrar da Soviet mutane. A nuni qunshi wani jam'i na hujja.

Wasu daga cikin fursunonin - Danes da Norwegians - samu abinci parcels. A hadarin kansu, suka raba ci abinci tare da Soviet fursunoni. Lokacin da wannan ya zama sananne ga SS, da waɗanda kuma sauran mai tsanani azaba ba.