Spring Java: muhimmai da darussa ga sabon shiga

Don kwanan wata, kusan duk aikace-aikace amfani da scripting shirye-shirye Hanyar - Spring Java. Babban amfani da wannan harshe ne cewa mai amfani ne da aka ba da damar samar da wani shirin a cikin wani nau'i na sauki sa na sako-sako da-guda biyu abubuwa da ba su da nasaba da juna.

Kawai sa, da m aikace-aikace raka'a suna da nasaba, da sauki shi ne yin rajistar sabon fasali da kuma a lokaci guda kula da riga data kasance tsarin. Daya daga cikin haske da kuma mafi sauki misali ne management na ma'amaloli. Tare da Spring Java ma'amala management tsarin samar da kansa daga cikin manyan dabaru connectivity da database. Duk wani canje-canje zuwa dabaru zane ba zai shafi a kan ma'amala, wato, kada ku halattar da ainihin ra'ayin na shirin. Spring yana modularity.

A daban-daban abubuwa da kuma Tsarin za a iya share ko kara a wani wurare kusan da kansa daga juna. A gaskiya ma, cikin shirin za a iya raba a irin wannan hanyar da ba ko da gane cewa ba a kula da Spring Java. Bugu da kari, da scripting harshen ƙwarai simplifies naúrar gwaji, tun da rabi, tsara don IOC abun ciki, kawai isa allurar ƙarya dangantaka da kai gwada da ayyuka da kuma daidaito na da kwatancin.

Spring ne ma da Java ƙwarai simplifies initialization da kuma kunna abubuwa na shirin, wanda ke nufin za ka iya sauƙi, kuma seamlessly saita aikace-aikace na kansu, ba tare da yin wani duniya reconfiguration, yafi Spring code.

Yau za ka iya samun on Java Spring litattafan a cikin manyan lambobi da kuma a cikin harsuna daban-daban (English, Rasha, da dai sauransu da sauransu). Saboda haka sãmi ĩko "Java" kuma za ka iya mallaka ba, amma da muka yi a da shi za ku yi kokarin taimaka!

ciki Spring

Ta yaya ne da gine "na Java Spring" daga ciki, tabbas ya san ba kowa da kowa. Saboda haka, bari mu duba cikin mafi daki-daki cikin tsari:

• Kafa da kuma Reading shigowa BeanDefinition mahallin sanyi (XML, JavaConfig, Groovy da AnnotationConfigApplicationContext). A can farko ne duk musaya - BeanDefinition. Dangane da zabi na sanyi wajibi ne a yi amfani da wani dace inji - Reading shigowa shirin gyara.
• Kafa halitta musaya (iri) - BeanDefinition.
• Girkawa al'ada abubuwa ta amfani da FactoryBean.
• Samar da misali (roughing) bins.
• Kafa halitta wake.
• Gwada aiki rubuta bins.

Spring: farkon

Idan ka yi kawai yanke shawarar fara samun matsahi na saba da shirye-shirye a kan "Java Spring", tabbata a fara da Java ee Spring (tsarin). Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin sauki hanyoyin da bude Madogararsa software don wannan dandali "Java". A tsarin Halicci m tsarin cewa za a iya amfani da su mafi yawan ayyuka da cewa an baya aka bayyana dangane da Java. Sauki da kuma nuna gaskiya tsarin zai ba ka damar ganin naka kuskure a cikin kuskure.

Spring za a iya bayyana a matsayin mai tarin yawa m frameworks, kazalika da mafi sifofi (a cikin tsarin, da tsarin). Mafi yawan waɗannan Tsarin iya aiki da kansa, duk da haka, da suka nuna gagarumin adadin yadda ya dace a lokacin da raba aikace-aikace fara. Wadannan aka gyara an rarraba su zuwa tsarin sassa na hadaddun shirye-shirye, dangane da manufar:

• Mai kula - inversion na iko. Tabbatar da daidai aiki, suna da alhakin da sanyi daga cikin aikace-aikace abubuwa da kuma tsara da aikin sake zagayowar na Java abubuwa.
• Samun bayanai - ayyuka neman gudanar da wani zumunci database (DB) a Java. Tare da wannan tsarin ta bayani samar da wata babbar yawan kalubale a kan tushen da Java yanayin.
• A tsarin al'amari-orienting sanyi. Aiki tare da gyara da cewa ba za a iya gane ba tare da wani asara a Java.
• ma'amala management. Tsarin hadewa da AP da kuma kayayyakin aiki, don siffanta abu na kula da ma'amaloli ga Java abubuwa.
• Shiga daga tushe da kuma management tsarin. Kanfigareshan auku gida.
• Gasktawa da izini. Goyan bayan jeri a kan da yawa m ladabi ta hanyar Spring Tsaro.

Don kwanan wata, domin duk frameworks a cikin "Spring" yayi wani yawan yiwuwa:

• Atomatik hanya management.
• Togiya handling aka gyara domin samun damar bayanai togiya daga cikin "Spring".
• M management ma'amaloli a lokacin da wani data gudanar.
• Unzipping albarkatu.
• abstraction aiki da yawa a cikin tsare-tsaren.

Kana bukatar ka fahimci manufar duk frameworks, kamar yadda shi ne kafuwar Java Spring. Ga sabon shiga ne shawarar zuwa fara koyon duk aka gyara a cikin kungiyoyin da kokarin yin amfani da su a cikin misalai.

Yadda za a yi sauki aikace-aikace a kan Java Spring (tsarin)

aikace-aikace sanyi a Spring za a iya yi a hanyoyi da dama. Daya daga cikin na kowa da aka dauke su fairly sauki takeaway sanyi ga XML-fayil. Wannan irin al'ada amfani da yawa a cikin juyi na Java Spring. Ga sabon shiga, da muka bayar da shawarar yin amfani da kayan aikin kamar java (1.5), tomcat (6), tururuwa (1.7), kallon masassarar (3), junit 4x.

Don bayyana a sauki aiki a cikin Java Spring, kana bukatar ka tsaya ga nuna:

• Ƙirƙiri da sosai tsarin da aikace-aikace. Don yin wannan za ka bukatar ka shigar da wani musamman toshe-a giciye - Spring IDE. Haka ma wajibi ne don haifar da wani aiki a kan Springapp kuma bugu da žari ƙara fayil zuwa yaki.
• Ƙirƙiri index.jsp. A Java Spring yanar gizo bugu da žari rubũta WEB-INF da kuma sanya shi a cikin web.xml.
• Deploim shirin tomcat. Don tura da aikace-aikace, dole ne ka yi amfani da tururuwa-script, wanda zai dauke da wata manufa ga tari, canja wuri da kuma shirin tsarin.
• Cikakken danganci duk aikace-aikace, yin gwajin. Fara da tomcat da kuma bude wani shafin yanar gizo da adireshin: localhost: 8080 / springapp /.
• Sa'an nan kuma ka bukatar ka shigar da Spring Tsarin, da kuma kasa kwancewa shi.

A wannan mataki za mu iya ce cewa kana da sauri kammala da cibiyar sadarwa yanayi saitin. Sa'an nan kuma ka bukatar ka daidaita da Spring Java jeri:

• Da farko muna bukatar ka yi wasu canje-canje zuwa web.xml, wanda za ka samu a cikin WEB-INF fayil. Our manufa shi ne ka yi rajista da dispatcher shigar aikace-aikace buƙatun.
• Mun yi tanadi buƙatun labari. Mun yanke shawarar duk buƙatun da irin '.htm' directed zuwa Servlet sarrafa.
• Sa'an nan kwafa da data library a WEB-INF / lib.
• Ƙirƙiri mai kula springapp.web da Dutsen gwajin.
• Tambayi cikin tsari da kuma tara da aikace-aikace a kan wani uwar garke.
• Ka yi kokarin gudanar da aikace-aikace.

Abin da muka yi a cikin Spring Java? Domin dummies wasu na sama da aka jera abubuwa ba su bayyana, don haka kokarin bayyana sauki:

1. Mun halitta page nan take fara da index.jsp, abin da hidima duba daidaitar da kafuwa yanayi.
2. Mun rijista tare da ya dace kula bayanin fayil springapp-servlet.xml.
3. Mũ ne Muka halitta a kula da wani wajabta rubutu a gare shi.
4. Tambayi na aikace-aikace.

Mene ne Java Spring Tsaro, kuma me ya sa aka bukace ta?

Spring Tsaro ka damar ba da izni, kuma gaskata da aikace-aikace. Bugu da kari, da tsarin samar da tsaro na kamfanoni manufofin, wanda aka halitta ta amfani da Spring Tsarin.

A key aka gyara na Spring Tsaro:

• SecurityContextHolder. Ya ƙunshi bayanin yanzu a kan aminci, kuma ma ya hada da cikakken bayani game da amfani da suka fara da aikace-aikace. Default SecurityContextHolder Stores bayanai a ThreadLocal, wanda ke nufin cewa tsaro mahallin yana samuwa ga duk hanyoyin da cewa an aiwatar a cikin rafi.
• SecurityContext. Ya ƙunshi dukkan bayanai game da tsaro na tsarin, wanda yana da nasaba da amfani ta request, kazalika da Gasktawa abu.
• Tantance kalmar sirri. User gane daga software gefe.
• GrantedAuthority. Yana nuna da izini cewa amfani ya samu m aikace-aikace.
• UserDetails. Nuna dole bayanai don Gasktawa saituna daga sauran kafofin na tsaro tsarin. Ya ƙunshi bayani kamar mai amfani da sunan barkwanci, kalmar sirri, da kuma flags.
• UserDetailsService. Amfani da su haifar da UserDetails ta hanyar aiwatar da hanyar da wannan dubawa.

hadawa Java

Hadewa Java Spring - na musamman da tsarin da ya hada da kafa ayyuka, suna da alhakin aikawa da sakonni. Bugu da kari, wannan abu ne da alhakin gina wani iko, gine-kiyasta:

• Magudanar.
• Adaftan ga interoperability tare da sauran tsarin.
• Activators sabis.
• Gidajen wuta et al.

spring Hadoop

VMware ne wani sabon ci gaba, wanda da alaka da biyu manyan ayyukan - Apache Hadoop da kuma Spring. Daga cikin abũbuwan amfãni mãsu yawa daga cikin sabon tsarin ne don samar da wasu muhimman. Su ne:

• sanyi goyon bayan a kan tushen da HBase.
• Professional Support Batch Spring.
• Support for amfani da Java Spring hadewa.
• Parameterization na Hadoop sanyi.
• Samfuri aiki na'urar da a haɗa gyara Hadoop.
• Declarative goyon baya ga Hadoop kayan aikin.
• Programmable goyon baya ga Hadoop aka gyara.

java Hibernate

Kusan duk yanar gizo da aikace-aikace ba zai iya yi ba tare da adanar yawa bayani. Kamar yadda wani janar mulki, su warware wannan matsalar ta amfani da dama musamman shirye-shirye - .. Database, da dai sauransu A tsarin da kungiyar da kuma mita na amfani da database za a iya raba da dama subgroups, kuma saboda haka ya faru da cewa da zumunci ne ya fi kowa. Yawanci, da bayanin irin data Tsarin manyan isa, kuma ba ko da yaushe yi amfani da su tunanin mutuntaka.

Java Spring - fasahar zuwa sauƙaƙe aikace-aikace na rubuce-rubuce - bada shawarar yin amfani da ORM (Object-zumunci zana taswira). Aiwatar da hanyar library Hibernate, wanda canza bayanai daga daya nau'i zuwa wani. Bugu da kari, shi zai iya taimaka maka sauƙi kafa sadarwa da database fayiloli da kuma ma'amala management.

Domin da canji na daya aji zuwa wani a cikin Java Hibernate Spring, akwai da dama musamman janareto:

• Increment.
• Identity.
• Jerin.
• Hilo.
• Seqhilo.
• Uuid.
• GUID.
• Native.
• Rababbe.
• Harkokin waje.
• jerin-ainihi.

A abũbuwan amfãni daga yin amfani da Java Hibernate Spring:

• Simple tsarin da musayar sunadaran DB kuma POJO.
• Atomatik ƙarni na Primary Key aka gyara.
• HQL.
• Kache na: Daraja ta biyu, Zama Level kuma, ba shakka, QUERY.
• Good yi.
• Samfur matsanancin Join.

Yi don sabon

Daya daga cikin sauqi qwarai rubutu ayyukan a kan Java Spring aikace-aikace ne rubuta 'hello'. A dandamali ba ya bukatar wani ƙarin rajista ko wani rikitarwa kayayyaki da kuma siffofi a kan kasada. Mun yi amfani da wani sauki html ba tare da jawabai. Kuma ko da idan na asali nau'i ne:

• Rubutu shigarwa filin "hello."
• Key "don ƙirƙirar wani Littãfi", ta latsa a kan wanda mu rubutu za a aiko don aiki da kuma adana a cikin database.
• Jerin, wanda za a nuna da samar da wani rikodin.

More ba mu bukatar wani abu. Mu juya ga Java Spring. yi:

• Hakika, saita a kan kwamfutarka Java.
• Saka Maven.
• Ƙirƙiri Spring-taya zane.
• Shigar da database.
• Rarraba da model azuzuwan. Shi ne Mafi kyaun mãsu halittawa wasu daya.
• Aiwatar da aiki tare da aka gyara ta amfani da haifar da-karanta-karshe-share.
• Create wani nau'i a cikin jsp.
• Ƙulla your form to da ya dace kula.

Mene ne MVC, kuma yana da yadda yake da alaka da Spring

MVC - mai mallakar tajirai dandali, "Spring", wanda aka mayar da hankali a kan mai amfani buƙatun. An ba da ilimin kididdiga view of duk kalubale-orienting tsarin ayyuka. Saita kowane dubawa ya zama sauki, kuma dunkule haka da cewa mai amfani iya optionally sake aiwatar da aikace-aikace ba tare da wani matsaloli. Wannan dandali paves kai tsaye dangane da gaban-karshen-code. All musaya dangantaka da abu Servlet API. Saboda wannan dangantaka tana ƙwarai Sauki aikace-aikace da shirye-shirye.

A mafi muhimmanci musaya sun hada da:

• Model - model bayanai.
• View - taswira bayyanar.
• Mai kula - management, da kafa dangantaka tsakanin na farko da biyu.

A mafi muhimmanci musaya sun hada da:

• HandlerAdapter.
• Mai kula.
• View.
• HandlerMapping.
• ViewResolver.
• HandlerInterceptor.
• LocaleResolver.
• MultipartResolver.

Java Spring MVC (model-view-controlle) yana buɗewa da developer da yawa ƙarin fasali:

• A fili da kuma sauki rabuwa tsakanin buƙatun.
• Kowane dubawa ne kawai da alhakin domin ko ta wani bangare.
• A dubawa za a iya canza ta yin amfani da wani madadin aiwatar ba tare da matsaloli.
• All musaya dangantawa da API Servlet.
• Dagagge matakan dace da kuma aiki domin yanar gizo da aikace-aikace.
• Da ikon yin amfani da sassa daban daban na "Spring", ba kawai MVC (model-view-controlle).

Ainihin kunshin

Ainihin kunshin ne mafi muhimman hakkokin bangare na tsarin da kuma sa dogara allura, ba ka damar gudanar da wake ganga aiki. Ainihin ra'ayi nan ne BeanFactory, wanda ya samar da wani factory juna, gusar da bukatar software goyon baya ga singletons kuma ba ka damar rarrabe sanyi da kuma jaddadawa na dependencies daga ainihin shirin dabaru.

DAO kunshin samar da wani JDBC-abstraction Layer cewa ta kawar da buƙata ta yi tedious JDBC-coding da database bincike na musamman kuskure lambobin sadarwarka. Bugu da kari, za ka iya sa software kazalika declarative ma'amala management, ba kawai ga azuzuwan da aiwatar da musaya, amma ga dukkan Pojos (a fili tsohon Java abubuwa).

ORM kunshin samar da hadewa yadudduka m API for Taswirar zumunci abubuwa, ciki har da JDO, Hibernate da Ibatis. Amfani da ORM kunshin za ka iya amfani da duk Yã / R-mappers a hade tare da sauran Spring-wadata ayyuka.

AOP kunshin samar da jituwa Spring al'amari-daidaitacce shirye-shirye, aiwatar, AOP Alliance, kyale domin sanin, misali, Hanyar intercepting da decouple code aiwatar da ayyuka.

Da ake ji metadata a source, za ka iya hada kowane irin halayya bayanai cikin code, kamar NET-sifa.

Spring Web kunshin samar da asali yanar gizo-hadewa fasali, kamar multipart aiki, initialization na riƙa yin amfani da Servlet sauraro da kuma mahallin na yanar gizo na tushen aikace-aikace. Aiwatar a Spring MVC samar da wani sarari rabuwa tsakanin yankin model code da fam na yanar gizo cewa ba ka damar amfani da duk wasu siffofin na Spring Tsarin don tabbatarwa.

Bukatun ga yankin abubuwa

Don JPA aikace-aikace don aiki yadda ya kamata, shi wajibi ne don saka idanu da daidaitar rubutu irin buƙatun:

• "Java" -binom ko POJO.
• A ajin dole ba za a gaji (ba karshe).
• Rajista constructor. Standard ne ba tare da wani sigogi.
• Rubuta aiwatarwa Serializable. Wannan wajibi ne don haka da cewa gyara za a iya Kama in na musamman form.
• Rajistar gano duk filayen, wato, abubuwa ba za a iya adana a cikin database, sai dai idan suna da wata Primary key.
• A gaban sifa.
• A getters rubũta takamaiman tunani da tarin abubuwa, maimakon a kwafin. Shi ne a ke so a yi amfani da iri-iri, saboda a lokacin da ka bukatar ka koma da mu Array, kana bukatar yin rajistar wani kwafin shi. Bugu da kari, quite wuya daga wani tsararru na gaji.
• Saba da wasika. Kafin aiki a Java Spring, kana bukatar ka fahimci yawa daga cikin sharuddan da dabi'u na daban-daban ayyuka. Kawai sa, don samun wata 'yar alamar ra'ayin abin da shi ne da kuma abin da shi da ake amfani.
• Ka yi kokarin rubuta nasu daya daga cikin mafi sauki ayyuka. Alal misali, _PRIVET_ aikace-aikace "Maciji" ko kuma wani.
• Zama saba da WEB. Mafi na duk wannan zai taimaka online Darussan. Idan ba ka so shi, ja da baya ga littafin da kuma fahimta sabon Concepts riga mallaka.
• Ka yi kokarin wahalad da sauki wasanin gwada ilimi _privet_ mafi hadaddun kayayyaki. Har ila yau, mun bayar da shawarar cewa ka yi kokarin rubuta wani sauki aikace-aikace da zai iya zama da amfani a gare ka a hakikanin rai. Saboda haka za ka kasance da sauki don Master wannan shirye-shirye Hanyar.

Karin rukuni na abubuwa

Akwai da dama ƙarin azuzuwan:

• "Spring Dao". Wannan aji taimaka wajen aiki tare da DB (database).
• Sprining ma'amaloli. Matsayin mai mulkin, a lokacin da rubuce-rubuce da aikace-aikace a dukkan lokuta, a Transaction Manager. Da zarar mai amfani ya bayyana hanyoyin, da fatauci za a kara ta atomatik halitta da kuma kammala.
• Sprining Tsaro. Wannan aji ma'anar mai amfani Tantance kalmar sirri (login, kalmar sirri, kuma t.). Nagarta sosai haifar akalla 10 binomials domin cimma karin yadda ya dace a cikin Tsaro aiki.

Dikodi mai babban abbreviations a Java Spring

Farawa matsahi na saba da takamaiman scripting Hanyar shirye-shirye kamar "Java Spring", za ka iya samun daban-daban abbreviations. Matsayin mai mulkin, ba dukan shafukan ko littattafai, za ka iya samun su kwafi, don haka bari mu ga abin da yake Java Spring. misali:

• Inversion na Control - IOC - inversion na kula da ko, mafi kawai, babban aikace-aikace a koyaushe.
• AOP - Aspect-nuni shirye-shirye. Godiya ga wannan a koyaushe "Java" iya seamlessly haɗi zuwa wani wurin samun dama da kuma rajistar akwai da zama dole code.
• MVC - Model-view-kula - wani tsari juna shine abubuwan da ya bayyana a hanya domin gina da zane na duk aikace-aikace, bayar da hulda da dukan sassa na wannan tsarin. Halitta shafukan yanar gizo.
• Class WEB da aka tsara don tallafa a ci gaba da tsarin na da izni, shi ne alhakin samun da bins, da sauransu. D.
• ORM- tsargi-zumunci zana taswira - danganta da DB (database) da ma'anonin abu-orienting shirye-shirye dabaru don ƙirƙirar sabuwar rumfa database.
• DAO an tsara aiki tare da bayanai a cikin tsarin "Spring".
• Service Abstraction - ƙayyade musaya (bayyanar) da aikace-aikace da cewa shi ne alhakin abstracting matsalar.

Yau, za ka iya samun mai yawa da amfani da kuma ban sha'awa bayani a kan Java Spring. Lessons, Koyawa, webinars zai taimake ku haƙĩƙatan? Seamlessly gano scripting shirye-shirye da harshen. Idan kun fuskanci wani matsaloli da rubutu aikace-aikace, duba takardun ga "Spring", a cikin abin da mawallafa bayyana a isa daki-daki, duk da bukatun ga "Java" kuma ya amsa tambayoyin da, da yadda za a gyara m kuskure.