Encapsulation - menene wannan? Encapsulation a shirye-shirye

Encapsulation - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin uku main siffofin abu-daidaitacce shirye-shirye (OOP). A wasu biyu - polymorphism da kuma gādo. Tare da suke yi har da PLO tsarin da kayansa mãsu saukar da wani kewayon siffofin da rubuce-rubuce da shirye-shirye cikin harsuna daban daban, ta amfani da wadannan uku ka'idojin. Object-daidaitacce harsuna, bi da bi, suyi tsananin bi su.

OOP Basics

Object-daidaitacce shirye-shirye a kan uku da ginshiƙai na halitta:

• Polymorphism, amsa tambaya na yadda za a musamman shirye-shirye da harshen hulda da abubuwa da suke da dangantaka da juna, a irin wannan hanya.
• Gado, bada amsar, yadda yake da ruri na yin amfani da reusable code.
• Encapsulation, wanda shi ne amsar wannan tambaya da boye aiwatar daukan wuri, kuma ta haka ne data mutunci.

terminology

Encapsulation (shirye-shirye) - shi ne don amfani da damar da sifofin domin rufe guda na code daga karshen mai amfani. Ƙarƙashinsa, bi da bi, yana nufin developer ko al'adunmu shafukan.

Jigon da manufar "encapsulation"

A definition ƙayyade cewa ta encapsulation nufi boye duk ko da wani ɓangare na shirin code. Jigon da manufar "encapsulation" shi ne a yi amfani da damar kwatanta su. Wannan yana nufin cewa developer iya yanke shawara wanda Properties, hanyoyin, da kuma azuzuwan za a bude ga abokin ciniki-aji, da kuma abin da - da aka boye.

damar da sifofin

Akwai damar da sifofin, wanda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, da yake iya manipulyarivat encapsulation (Java shirye-shirye):

• jama'a ( "Jama'a" - jama'a, bude hanya) - rabo biyu na yanzu azuzuwan da abubuwa, kuma zuwa waje duniya.
• masu zaman kansu ( "prayvat" - mai zaman kansa, masu zaman kansu, da boye damar) - rufe damar, jigon wanda shi ne gaba daya akasin baya daya. Yana bayar da damar kawai daga yanzu aji.
• kare ( "protekted" - kare, rabin-boye hanya) - Access zuwa yanzu aji da kuma Kalam.
• default - unspecified damar modifier yana nufin cewa filin / Hanyar za a iya gani ne ga dukan halin yanzu azuzuwan a cikin kunshin.

A C # harshe ( "Si Sharp"), a cikin Baya ga sama (sai dai na karshe), akwai har yanzu kwatanta:

• ciki ( "ciki" - ciki damar) - amfani a halin yanzu taro, na cikin gida dama ga duk wasu lokuta.
• ciki kare ( "ciki protekted" - ciki mai kariya Access) - ƙungiyar na biyu kwatanta a daya a wadda bayyananne Properties na biyu daga cikinsu.

Rawar da encapsulation

encapsulation inji gusar waje tasiri a kan code da kuma rashin amfani da data saka a cikin shi. Wannan yana cika ta hanyar hada da code da kuma bayanan a cikin daya.

Object da encapsulation

Hada da aiwatar da wani software module da kuma data saka a cikin code, shirye-shirye da ake kira da wani abu. Jigon ta dangane da encapsulation ne cewa irin wannan hanya damar kula da kuma tabbatar da mutunci da aiki na inji.

A amfani da encapsulation

Encapsulation - wata hanya zuwa rage wuya da tsarinsa tsari. Da yawa Lines na code ne "a bayan al'amuran", da kuma a babban aji aikin da yake faruwa na ƙin lokutta.

A ra'ayin data kariya

Encapsulation - shi ne kuma inji cewa ya gane ra'ayin data kariya. Shirin dabaru abu-daidaitacce shirye-shirye da aka gina a kan tushen da abin da mafi yawan data zai zama boye damar sauya masu zaman kansu (masu zaman kansu, da masu zaman kansu), ko kare (kare). A waje duniya, abokin ciniki bazata ko da gangan ba zai lalata aiwatar da wani software a koyaushe. Saboda a gaskiya shi ya sa shi sosai sauki ba ko da a kan manufar, encapsulation - wannan ne mai matukar kyau manufa.

encapsulation naúrar

Class, kamar yadda wani asali naúrar na encapsulation da kuma bayyana data qunshi wani code, wanda shi ne iya aiki a kan wadannan bayanai. Shi ne kuma akai domin gina da abu. A karshen, bi da bi, da aka gabatar a matsayin misali.

Har ila yau, amfani da wadannan terminology:

• mambobin - wannan ne code da kuma bayanan kunshe a cikin aji.
• filayen ko misali canji - abin da ake kira data cewa ma'anar da aji.
• memba ayyuka - da suka dauke da code kanta. Member ayyuka - a kowa sunan. A musamman harka - hanyoyin.

Encapsulation takamaiman misali

Encapsulation (shirye-shirye) misali:

* Note:

description - bayanin irin Hanyar / dukiya / m, watau commenting a kan abin da ya faru a zahiri a cikin shirin. An nuna ta hanyar bude / rufe tags

ta amfani da System.

namespace OOPLibrary.Auto

{

///

/// Wannan aji ne aka yi nufi ga bayyana da mota ta mataki

///

jama'a aji Auto

{

///

/// canji halitta domin rubuta a cikin shi, da yadda shekaru masu yawa da mota, tun da waje kutse a cikin dũkiyar developer ya wadãtu da superfluous

/// modifier aka alama zaman kansa, Ina nufin rufe, masu zaman kansu damar (ga. A bayanin a sama).

///

masu zaman kansu int _age.

///

/// A Boolean (kawai biyu yiwu dabi'u - i ko a'a), wanda ya bayyana ko abin hawa ne motsi a lokacin

/// Ya kamata kuma a bude to karshen mai amfani, wanda ya kasance. Saboda haka wannan m da ake sa mai zaman kansa damar modifier "prayvat"

///

masu zaman kansu bool _isMoving.

///

/// Wannan kirtani m kamata dauke da bayani game da launi na mota. Yana za a iya canza ta waje tsoma

/// saboda ga launi modifier zaba bude hanya "jama'a".

///

jama'a kirtani Color.

///

/// A wannan batu, muna zaton cewa suna daga cikin mota, kuma, za a iya canza

/// sanya wani modifier na jama'a (bude hanya ga duk, ko da aji ko taro).

///

jama'a kirtani Name.

///

/// ya buɗe aji constructor, da kuma duk kaddarorin da bayyana m da kuma kafa wani kadan a baya, za su samu dabi'u

///

jama'a Auto ()

{

_age = 5;

_isMoving = ƙarya.

Color = "Purple".

Name = "Skoda Octavia".

}

///

/// The Hanyar gane wani koma darajar da auto shekaru. Me ya sa wannan ya zama wajibi?

/// zaman kansa damar modifier bai sa ya yiwu ga abokin ciniki canje-canje.

///

/// Koma cikin shekaru na mota.

jama'a kirtani GetAge ()

{

dawo "A lokacin, da aka zaɓa inji" + _age + "da shekaru.";

}

///

/// Idan mota ba motsi, wannan Hanyar aiwatar da farko na motsi. Cak m oboznalsya, da yanayin da abin hawa (tafiya ko ba), da kuma, dangane da sakamakon, da ya dace mataki / saƙon da aka nuna.

///

jama'a wõfintattu Fara ()

{

idan (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "The motsi, an riga an fara");

}

kuma

{

_isMoving = gaskiya.

Console.WriteLine ( "Ready, Sa .. Go kashe!").

}

}

///

/// Idan motsi da aka qaddamar, wannan Hanyar tsaya a nan shi. A wannan shirin dabaru kamar yadda a baya hali dauke.

///

jama'a wõfintattu Tsaida ()

{

idan (_isMoving)

{

_isMoving = ƙarya.

Console.WriteLine ( "Tsaya Machine");

}

kuma

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Kuskuren mota da haka tsaya har yanzu, ba su motsa");

}

}

///

/// aiwatar hagu bi da bi, idan akwai wani abin hawa

///

jama'a wõfintattu MoveLeft ()

{

idan (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "Juya bar ake yi");

}

kuma

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Kuskuren abin hawa ne tsit juyawa fasalin a halin yanzu ba samuwa.");

}

}

///

/// A irin wannan hanyar da dama nuna

///

jama'a wõfintattu MoveRight ()

{

idan (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "Juya dama da aka aiwatar nasarar");

}

kuma

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Kuskuren The mota bai koma daga tabo Juya dama shi ne a lokacin da mataki, ba shi yiwuwa a yi ..").

}

}

}

}