Yamal baki rami. Yamal bakin dutse: ka'idar bayyanar, description, photo

Yamal baki rami - don haka Kwafa da enigmatic bakin dutse, ba zato ba tsammani fito a cikin arewa na cikin Yamal Larabawa. Ta mamaki masana kimiyya mai zurfi da wuce yarda da m gefuna tsoma steeply saukowa a cikin hanjinsu na duniya. A daya hannun, da rami kama karst tsarin, a kan sauran - da cibiyar na fashewa. Sama asiri anomalies masana kimiyya suka yi jihãdi ga dama shekaru.

Tarihi na samu

A Yamal Larabawa - daya daga cikin coldest wurare a Rasha. A kasar gona thaws lokacin bazara kawai mita zurfi. More m ya gano a tsakiyar sararin tundra babbar bakin dutse zurfin da dama mita. Kamar yadda matuka ce ta size ne a rubuce a yarda to nutse a kasa yayin da wasu da dama jirage masu saukar ungulu.

Yamal rami, photo nan take wanda tafiya a duniya ta manyan kafofin watsa labaru, mai yiwuwa kafa a cikin fall na 2013. A farko video ne na halitta sabon abu, yin fim daga wani helikofta, aka buga 10/07/2014. A cikin mako guda, wani rukuni na masana kimiyya, da 'yan jarida da kuma ceto ma'aikata a karon farko yayi nazari da m samu. Kamar yadda shi dai itace, kimiyya bai samu kafin da irin wannan abu.

whereabouts

Yamal bakin dutse located a kan eponymous Rasha sashin kudu na Bovanenkovo gas condensate filin (game da 30 kilomita) yamma da kogin da kuma muzzle-Jaha (17 km). Yankin nasa ne da bioclimatic subzone hankula tundra.

Akwai da yawa kõguna da kananan tabkuna a lokacin rani, permafrost yada a kan manyan yankunan. Saboda haka, karst yanayin da gazawar da ilimi ya rinjaye a farko.

Yamal baki rami: asalin ka'idar

Geologists merzlovedy, climatologists suna karatu a Yamal m bakin dutse zagaye da cylindrical siffofi da m gefuna da karya. Origin gigantic tsoma diamita na game da 60 m lura a Yuli 2014 at Yamal. A kadan daga baya same biyu mafi kama da m rami karami: a kan peninsulas Gydansky da Taimyr. M events sun generated a yawan iyakacin duniya versions. Daga cikin dalilan nuna:

• Karst dips lokacin da ruwan karkashin kasa wanke manyan rami a kan dutse, da kuma babba ƙasa Layer aka ajiye.
• Narke kankara toshe.
• Methane fashewa.
• A fall na meteorite.
• UFO ka'idar. Wai a cikin ƙasa akwai wani mutum-yi abu.

m samu

Wurare da dama a expeditions na Rasha masana kimiyya dauke da labulen halin asiri. A cewar geologists, Yamal rami, da zurfin - 200 m, yana da wani zalla halitta sabon abu. Amma a nan shi sauti daban-daban, ra'ayin. Wasu siffantãwa da samuwar dips da leaching gona karkashin kasa da kogin ko ma'aunan kasa tafiyar matakai, rinjayar da ciki matsa lamba na duniya. Sauran hukumomin da'awar cewa bakin dutse kafa bayan fashewar.

Karshe na masana na Siberian Branch of RAS sauti razanarwa. A cewar masana harkokin kimiyya, da babbar reserves na "halitta nakiyoyi" adana a cikin duniyar tamu ta ɓawon burodi. Sanya shi a cikin da yawa kusurwa ta duniya, sa'an nan na iya faruwa m fashewar jawo da sauyin yanayi. A yawan geologists ya ce: "A sakamakon zai zama mafi muni fiye da makaman nukiliya hunturu."

Asirin Bayyana?

Yamal tsoma galvanized da jama'a. Daga cikin mazaunan akwai da yawa "hadin kai ka'idar": daga UFO dabaru don gwada supernova makami. Masana kimiyya ma gaya mana game da yanayin halitta haddasawa.

Samfurori da yawa game da kasawa saukar taro na methane kwayoyin. Haka kuma, theorizes cewa rami kafa bayan da harin da gas hydrate. Saboda permafrost, wannan abun da ke ciki shi ne, a wani m jihar. Duk da haka, a lokacin da mai tsanani methane vaporizes nan take yana faɗaɗa to babban kundin da kuma haddasa fashe-fashe sakamako. A Yamal, a 'yan shekarun nan, da ke rubuce "da" zazzabi records, ƙasa thaws zuwa babba zurfin. An narke tare da shi da kuma daskararre "gas kumfa".

A 1 m ³ methane hydrate ƙunshi 163 m ³ gas. Lokacin da gas fara a kasaftawa, aiwatar zama ambaliyar ruwa (da yaduwa gudu yayi kama da makaman nukiliya dauki). Akwai wani fashewa da imbin karfi da za su iya jefa wani ton na gona.

Yamal bakin dutse da Bermuda Bamuda

geologists sun kwanan nan gano: irin wannan yanayi ne ba musamman ga permafrost. Gas hydrate accumulates a cikin ruwa a babban zurfin, misali, mai yawa da shi a kan tushe na Lake Baikal. Zai yiwu ban tausayi bacewar jiragen ruwa da kuma jirage a Bermuda Bamuda yanki hade da methane. Mai yiwuwa, a kan seabed a yankin ne sararin taru na hydrate. Da zarar da gas da aka ba daskarewa da kuma matsa gagarumin matsa lamba.

Lokacin da canjawa na Duniya ta ɓawon burodi, da raurawar asa kasaftawa yawa methane, sunã gaggãwa zuwa surface. Ruwa ya canjãwa da kaddarorin, cike da kankanin kumfa kamar shampen da kuma hasarar yawa. A sakamakon haka, ba rike da jiragen ruwa, da kuma sun nutsar. Da zarar a cikin yanayi, methane kuma canza da kaddarorin, disrupting jirgin sama.

rana a yau

Yamal baki rami ne ba irin wannan. A tsawon shekaru, ta cika da ruwa narke da hankali Yanã shigar da m lake. The tsari da aka bi ta thawing da kuma lalata aiki bankuna.

More m ne shaidar da dama shaidunku, waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin bakin dutse samuwar tsari a shekara ta 2016. New Yamal gazawar samo asali Yuli 5 Seyakha yamma na kauye, da kuma duba kamar wata katuwar shigowa na geyser. Iko fashe da tururi dade game da 4 hours, amma don gina wani girgije gani tashi zuwa tsawo na biyar kilomita.

Ma'aikata na St. Petersburg Hydrological Cibiyar baya bincika wannan yanki. Ya aka sani na da zurfi kwarai, "bakin dutse" tabkuna, reminiscent daga cikin shahararrun Yamal rami. A zurfin daya daga cikin zakarun -. 71 m Haka kuma, Ms. tuna cewa irin watsi ko da ya faru kafin da kuma aka tare da filasha na wuta.

unfavorable karshe

M methane hydrate adibas warwatse ko'ina cikin duniya. Climate Warming iya tsokana sarkar dauki na fashewar a kan duniya sikelin. Biliyoyin ton na methane a cikin wannan harka, canja tsarin da yanayi da kuma haifar da taro nau'i nau'i na duk rayuwa. Saboda haka Yamal baki rami ne wani muhimmin batu domin gudanar da bincike.

Record da yawan zafin jiki na 2015-2016 shekaru sun tsokani da samuwar sabuwar craters karami. Suna located duk a cikin wannan yanayin zone. Saboda haka, shi ne m narkewa permafrost ne tushen dalilin da ya faru.

An madadin view

Ba dukkan goyon bayan da wani mai jiwuwa ka'idar da masana kimiyya. Da farko, masu sukar nuna unnaturally m gefuna da bakin dutse, wanda, a lokacin da iko methane watsi da aka rufe fasa. Suna kuma mamakin da kananan adadin fitad da dutse fashewa.

Zai yiwu Yamal bakin dutse - sakamakon da Larmor sakamako, watau, da tasiri na hasken rana da iska a iyakacin duniya yankuna na duniya ta surface ... A rafi na cajin gaɓũɓuwa, saduwa da ƙasa, da kankara ya narke, forming wani manufa form zobe Tsarin. Idan hanyar igiyoyin jawo by cosmic barbashi auku tara a fasa ko gas hydrate, shi ne extruded a Larmor baki. Masana kimiyya karatu gazawar, ba sarauta daga ka'idar.

Duk da haka, ba za a iya shakka a cikin halitta asalin da sabon abu. A sashin ne a zahiri cike da gidajen gona da kananan tabkuna, saucers, da babba zurfin. Babu shakka, su da aka kafa kama da Yamal gazawar. A cewar nazarin, wadannan matakai da ya faru 8,000 da suka wuce, da kuma sake tsananta saboda canjin yanayi.