Kwamandan ta Reserve. Jihar Nature Muciya Reserve

A 1741, wani balaguro jagorancin Kwamandan Vitus Bering, ya gano Amirul Islands. Na dogon lokaci da suka kasance inda ba wanda yake zaune. A farko natsuwa fara creoles da Aleuts, wanda ya fara gano tsibirin a cikin 1825. Yau kauyen Nikolskoye a kan Bering Island - Aleut kauye, da daya ne kawai a Rasha Federation.

Daga cikin tarihi na ajiye

A fadar sau Amirul Islands sun Jawo kaya zuwa baitulmali na gidan sarki. Uncontrolled bukatar dabbobi ya kai ga dangi na like, wanda ƙwarai rage su lambobi. A ƙarshen XIX karni, ya fara aiki a kan rookeries kariya, na farko hani a kan samar da Jawo like da tẽku otters aka gabatar. Da iko a kan su kama kifi da aka amince a 1911.

Ƙwarai inganta halin da ake ciki a Soviet sau. A shekarar 1958 ya aka dakatar kama kifi talatin mil a kusa da tsibirin. A farko ajiye na shiyya muhimmancin da ya bayyana a wannan duniya a 1980.

Sunan "Kwamandan National Park" da kuma matsayi na Tarayya ya samu a watan Afrilu 1993. A shekara ta 2002 ya samu matsayi na "biosphere", wanda yake shi ne karkashin UNESCO kariya.

wuri

Kwamandan Reserve aka located a Arewa Pacific. Da karkararta aka daure a kan kudu na Bering Sea. Kwamandan Islands - shi ne yammacin iyakar tsibirin na Aleutian baka. Su ne pinnacle na karkashin ruwa ridges da kuma kunshi 15 tsibirin na daban-daban masu girma dabam.

Kamchatka, Kwamandan Islands

M shi ne freestanding kananan duwatsu. The most of su - tsibirin Bering. Its girma ganiya - wani dutse Steller, wanda tsayinsa ne 755 mita. Har ila yau, wajibi ne a ware da picturesque tsibirin Copper. Yana da wani lebur kuma low tsibirin.

Komandorskii-Aleutian baka hada da volcanic dutse. A wadannan tsibiran, volcanic aiki ba gyarawa, da girgizar kasa ya faru quite sau da yawa. Wannan qananan tremors (da wuya isa 5-6).

Reserve "Kwamandan": description

Shi ne kwamandan tarin tsiburai. Wannan Aleutian yankin (Kamchatka Krai). Yana hada da jihar bakin teku ruwa na Bering Sea da Pacific Ocean. A duka yankin na ajiye - 3.648.679 kadada. Wannan ƙasa hada da 3.463.300 kadada na teku yankin da kuma 185 379 ha na ƙasar.

The ajiye aka located a kudancin tsibirin Bering. Bugu da kari, yana daukan Arius Stone Island da kuma Copper Island, wanda aka shirya a wani m kungiyar zuwa gabashin Kamchatka.

Kwamandan Reserve ne zuwa kashi sassan, wanda aka kare a sãɓãwar launukansa digiri:

• kare core, inda ɗan adam ayyuka aka haramta, kuma ta sa baki a cikin halitta matakai.
• buffer zones, wanda a yarda iyaka kama kifi da kuma wani m tattalin arziki aiki.

yanayin damina

Kwamandan Islands ne, a neledovitoy da kudancin Bering Sea. Ga kyawawan sanyi lokacin bazaar, kuma mun gwada da m winters. Kusan kowace watan akwai kwanaki lokacin da iska da aka busa a cikin tsibiran da tsananin gudun - fiye da 108 kilomita awa.

A manufofin da ayyuka na ajiye

A cikin Kwamandan ta ajiye sanya takamaiman ayyuka:

• kariya na halitta yankunan da marine ruwa dab da shi, don adana da na halitta jihar da na halitta abubuwa.
• bincike, management labarinsa na halitta.
• muhalli da lura da kuma muhalli da ilimi.
• gabatarwar a cikin ƙasa na biosphere ajiye management ayyuka da cewa ba ya hallakar da yanayi da kuma ba ya deplete nazarin halittu albarkatun.
• inganta kariya na tarihi, al'adu da kuma kabilanci.

Saboda da nazarin halittu bambancin da marine Flora da fauna, wadanda ba daskarewa ruwa a cikin hunturu yankin ne a wurin ciyar da wani babban yawan ruwa da tsuntsaye, gaban ha] ari, rare da kuma wadan jinsunan tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kamchatka yankin yana da wani m kan ajiye darajar.

shuke-shuke

A Flora da fauna daga cikin yankin hada da 383 jinsunan jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke da kuma 158 - algae. Ta hanyar Kwamandan Islands, gabashin iyakar yankin ƙasar, inda 93 jinsunan rare shuke-shuke da yada. Akwai wani gandun daji. A wani batu na Commodores mamaye tundra. Kawai lokaci-lokaci za a iya samu a nan overgrown shrub Rowan da Willow. Kasa su suna girma Swedish dogwood, luazeleriya recumbent, black crowberry, phyllodoce Aleutian kuma blue.

Ciyawa a ajiye wakilta Anemone raznotsvetkovoy, nada viviparous, goldthread uku-sheeted, horsetail wintering. Anemone raznotsvetkovaya sau da yawa shan wahala saboda da kyau. Wadannan sabon abu furanni sukan kare da yin bouquets, duk da cewa da shuka shi ne guba.

Akwai ma wasu shrubs: Siberian Juniper, honeysuckle da daji ya tashi tupoushkovy edible.

A cikin fadamun girma sedge dlinnoostistaya, Dactylorhiza spinous, horsetail, geranium pushistotsvetkovaya, Iris setosa, gashi ciyawa tortuous.

dabbobi

Kwamandan ta Reserve siffofi da wani babban iri-iri na dabbobi. Akwai aka rajista 25 jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa, 25 - kifi, 213 - tsuntsãye. Nazarin sasannin dabbobi masu shayarwa, akwai shida daban na a nan. Wannan ne da American mink, blue fox Mednovskiy, m bera, ja-goyon baya vole, gidan linzamin kwamfuta, da reindeer. Su duk zauna da Bering Island.

Musamman sanannun yanayi ajiye kare da manyan rookeries na marine dabbobi, teku zakuna da arewacin teku zakuna. Wadannan dabbobi samar da hadin gwiwa rookery - dubban gungu a kan tudu.

Seals kasance a cikin jinsunan eared like. Wannan shi ne mafi yawa marine jinsin, wadda ta ɗaukaka da ajiye a duniya. Northern teku zakuna (zakoki) ne 'yan a Komandorsky ajiye. Hange like - like ne quite rare ga dabbobi Islands. Suna zaune a kan gabar teku reefs da cliffs na tsibirin. Wannan marine dabba daga m kyakkyawa da alherin da bambance-bambance da launi.

Anthurium - don haka ya kira tsibirin like na zuwa rukuni na like. Wani lokaci da dabba da ake kira "hatimi-flower" saboda sabon abu launin fata: a kan wani ruwan kasa ko duhu launin toka bango a warwatse manyan rawaya da fari faci a cikin nau'i na zobba. Anthurium - rare dabbobi, don haka su ne a karkashin jihar kariya.

Kamchatka (Rasha) ne yafi sanaki marine rayuwa. Wannan Kwamandan ta beaked Whale, humpback Whale, arewacin blue Whale, da sauransu.

A Komandorsky Reserve kare wadan yawan blue fox (iyakacin duniya fox). A rayuwa na wadannan dabbobi mai cike da hadari da kuma matsananciyar gwagwarmaya. Aƙalla 40% na kwiyakwiyi blue Foxes aka kashe. Wasu daga cikin su karya saukar daga duwatsu, suka kashe wasu fi girma da yara.

tsuntsãye

Reserve Kwamandan - nesting site na teku, da kuma ruwan tsuntsaye, kazalika da tasha na waterfowl da waders a lokacin hijirarsa. Falcon gida a kan tsibirin, glaucous-winged gull, peregrine shaho, ja-Clitocybe.

Kullum gida a nan game da miliyan tsuntsaye, wakilan goma sha tara jinsin. Mafi ne fulmars, kowa murre, black guillemots talakawa, hatchets. Fulmars ana haka mai suna ga credulity: su ba su ji tsoron mutane. A hatchets, ko matattu iyakar, sai ya kira saboda irin siffan da baki, wanda ya yi kama da wani kazamin. Bã su da na biyu suna - teku parrots. A lokacin da ma'abota lokaci, da riga mai haske launi na waɗannan tsuntsaye ne ko da mafi m.

A search na abinci, waɗannan tsuntsaye iya nutse har zuwa babban zurfin (har zuwa 10 m). Sun zauna karkashin ruwa har zuwa minti biyu, da kifi, da ya fi tsayi kama ba saki. Sun iya lokaci guda rike a cikin baki up to 12 kifaye.

yawon shakatawa

Yau, wata babbar lamba na ga 'yan'uwanmu' yan ƙasa da kuma baƙi daga kasashen waje zo Amirul ta ajiye, to sha'awan da m hali na wadannan wurare. A ajiye ake shirya yin yawo en da cewa taimaka wa godiya da bambancin da Fauna da Flora. Hanyoyi gudu a kan Bering Island da kuma Copper saba da tsuntsaye tsibiran Toporkov da Ary Kamen.

Bugu da kari, a nan za ka iya ganin tarihi wuraren cewa gaya game da tarihin kasarmu. A watan Nuwamba, 1741 da fakiti-jirgin ruwan "Saint Peter", wanda aka jagorancin Kwamandan Vitus Bering, aka jefa fita a kan gabar teku reefs lokacin mai tsanani hadari.

A tsibirin, wanda daga bisani aka mai suna Amirul, ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha, kazalika da Alaska da kuma duk sauran tsibiran Aleutian baka. Kuma wannan hamada tsibirin, mai suna Bering Island, ya zama na karshe tsari ga babban kwamandan da aminci sahabbai.

A 1867, Alaska da kuma cikin Aleutian Islands da aka sayar a Amurka, da kuma kawai inaccuracy a cikin nuni da kasa data a cikin kwangila, dauke da tsibirin ya kiyaye domin Rasha.

Bayan archaeological tono (1922), sanannen balaguro sansanin da kuma binne aka gano. Yana da aka gudanar reburial daga cikin tawagar da na Amirul Bering. Tun daga nan, da bay Kwamandan ya zama mai tsananin kyau ga masu yawon shakatawa da suke so su bauta wa da m Rasha masu bincike zuwa na biyu Kamchatka balaguro.

ajiye yanayin

Duk da matsananci yanayi ya zama ƙara yarda su ziyarci Kwamandan Islands a kowace shekara. A mafi m watanni ziyarci wadannan wurare ne Yuli, Agusta da Satumba. Yau, 'yan ban sha'awa hanyoyin ci gaba a cikin ajiye. Bugu da kari, za ka iya samun wani izinin zuwa ziyarci rookeries na marine dabbobi masu shayarwa. A nan za ka ga wata babbar dama dabbobi da kuma iya yin babban photo.

samun akwai

Kafin Amirul Islands za a iya isa da jirgin sama, helikofta ko ta hanyar teku. Daga Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky zuwa Bering Island ka yi nasara 735 kilomita. Marine yawon shakatawa a cikin Kwamandan ta Reserve shirya kullum.

inda ya zauna

Matsayin mai mulkin, yawon bude ido suna amintattun ga dare a kauyen Nikolskoye. Popular sau da yawa, da shirya na ruwa Tours bayar da masauki a dadi bukkokin jiragen ruwa.