A zinariya shekaru na nobility - sunan sarautar Catherine da 2nd

Ekaterina Velikaya Shari'ar Rasha Empire for 34 shekaru. A lokacin da ta sarautar, muhimmanci karu da yankin da kuma jama'ar na kasar. A kasashen waje da manufofin, tsanani ci gaba da aka sanya. Rasha tsiwirwirinsu mafi nauyi da kuma tasiri a harkokin kasa da kasa, ciki har da a dangane da kasashen Turai. Amma mafi daukan hankali alama na wannan zamanin ya da karfafawa daga cikin nobility zuwa baba misali iyaka. A labarin da wuya a sami wani irin misali na Elite, da irin Unlimited gata. Catherine 2 Board kira da zinariya shekaru na nobility.

Accession a kan karaga

Hanyar zuwa Rasha kambi ya sosai arduous domin nan gaba Empress. Catherine zo ikon a wani fada juyin mulki a wuya da kuma rikitarwa yanayi. Mijinta, Peter Uku kasance kadan m gudanarwa ta jihar da kuma aiki a matsayin wani abu mai hana a kan hanyar zuwa kursiyin. Bayan da m mutuwa Ekaterina mai karfi da iko a hannunsa. Amma, cikin sharuddan batutuwa, shi ne dan hanya gimbiya, implicated a cikin kisan mijinta. A matsayi na Empress da jũna mawuyacin halin da unreliable. Babban goyon baya da kuma kariya ga shi aiki a matsayin wani juyin mulki kotu gadi. Da bukatar samun goyon bayan sojojin Elite Catherine ayyana manufofin dangane da dukan nobility.

haskaka daular mulkinsu

A Empress ya karanta ayyukan Voltaire kuma ya saba da Turai m ideas. Ta yi imani da cewa wani m dokar, tasiri tilasta doka da kuma kula game da ilimi da batutuwa na iya kai jihar ga ci gaba da kuma walwala. A ra'ayin wani haskaka daular mulkinsu presupposed adana na Estate tsarin, babban karfi wanda suke noblemen. Har ila yau, ba tambaya cikakken iko na monarch.

Dauke da ka'idojin da Faransa haske, Catherine lura da yadda nisa daga gare su na gaskiya na Rasha Empire. Idan suna so su santsi a kan zamantakewa da sabani a cikin al'umma, ta tilasta su yi saboda aji, a kan wanda yake dogara da iko. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa zinariya shekaru na nobility zo a zamanin mulkin Catherine. Palace Guard ya wani babban siyasa karfi, wani lokacin yanke shawara aka yi, wanda ya zauna a gadon sarautar.

Canza wuri daga cikin nobility

Da muhimman hakkokin manufa na dangantaka tsakanin monarch da manyansu da aka aiwatar da aikin soja a musayar ikon mallakar kadarori. Dokar a matsayin wakilin daraja aji zuwa ga Sarkin sarakuna sun kama a yanayi da dogaro da mulkin gargajiya serf. Har lokacin da na Petra Velikogo, har zuwa sabis fara da shekaru 15, kuma ya yi kusan a rayuwa. A bafadan da bãbu wani hakki a zabi tsakanin soja da farar hula, sana'arsu.

A hankali akwai wani lalata wadannan tsoho ka'idojin. Kan aiwatar da dagawa su kai ta koli a lokacin da jirgin zo Catherine 2. The Golden Age na nobility aza harsashin farko da cikakken free kuma m Layer na jama'a a Rasha.

Canza bayan mutuwar Petra Velikogo

Akayi a cikin dokokin da aka gyara, da ke sa halin da ake ciki na mulkin gargajiya aji har yanzu more dace da riba. Noblemen da aka yarda su dan lokaci barin aikinsu ga jihar da kuma komawa zuwa Estate zuwa da kaina sarrafa harkokin tattalin arziki. Daya daga cikin 'ya'yansa a cikin kowane daraja iyali da yake daidai ba da aiki a cikin sabis kuma shi ne cikakken aikata to magance matsalolin da suka shafi Estate. Shekarun da ake yi da wakilan na mulkin gargajiya kadarori fara cika ya bi da monarch, an karu daga 15 zuwa 20 da shekaru. Manya da aka ba da zabi tsakanin sojojin da kuma aikin farar hula. Yana da aka tabbatar da m dama daga cikin nobility ya mallaki ƙasar da serfs. Akwai yiwuwar ritaya bayan shekaru 25 na sabis.

Shelar Bitrus III

Gani Catherine nemi don goyon bayan da tsada kafin Accession a kan karaga. Ta iya kyakkyawa da yawa rike da mulki mata, kuma a karkashin tasirin da take da shi hannu da manifesto soke wajibi jama'a sabis don mambobi ne na mulkin gargajiya aji. Catherine nanata babban wuraren da wannan daftarin aiki, 'yan watanni bayan ya kawo masa,. A zinariya shekaru na nobility kira zamanin yana tare da shela da 'yancin walwala da cewa yana da wani layi daya a baya. Duk da haka, da dogaro da mulkin gargajiya kadarori na karimci da rahama daga wani autocrat kasance mai matukar karfi.

tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki

Empress sanar da rashi na da bukatar kama-karya nobility da aikinsu na jihar. A ra'ayin ta, kishin kasa da kuma biyayya ga monarch, muhimmi a cikin wakilan wannan aji, da muka tabbatar da su na son rai enlistment. Wannan magana ne ba gaba ɗaya na gaskiya. A hakikanin dalilin da ya cewa shi ne sau da yawa ba kadan samun kudin shiga da kuma bai samar da su masu mai kyau misali na rai. Domin da yawa daga noblemen jama'a ofishin shi ne kawai madadin.

stratification

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Empress gudummawar da enrichment na kunkuntar da'irar ya confidants da favorites. Alal misali, shirya na fāda juyin mulki, ta buɗe ta hanyar da Rasha kursiyin, samu da darajõji daga manyan kudi da kuma ƙasar. Godiya ga karimci na wasu kimanin monarch zama masu da dama yanayi. A zinariya shekaru na nobility kira Catherine mai girma ta sarautar, amma ba dukan membobin wannan aji sun samu tattalin arziki a wannan zamanin. Wasu daga cikin su ba su da serfs. Shelar na 'yancin walwala, ba zai shafi da kudi halin da ake ciki.

serfs

The Golden Age na Rasha nobility da ta downside. The alheri na mulkin gargajiya aji aka dogara ne a kan free aiki na serfs. The fadada daga cikin gata na manya tare da ƙuntatawa na game da hakkin da bonded tillers. Kawai kotu domin serfs da su mai masauki. Ya yake da ikon yanke hukuncin zuwa gudun hijira a Siberia ko ma wani rayuwa na naƙudarta. Sallama gunaguni ga mai masauki da aka haramta a karkashin hukuncin bulala. A matsayi na serfs sãɓã wa jũna kadan daga classic bautar, ko da yake dokokin da ba a bayyane shigar da shi.

Bil'adama akida da kuma gaskiyar

Ekaterina Velikaya dauke da irin wannan tsarin al'umma tausayi na'urorin. Ta akai-akai tunani game da hanyoyin rage kangin. Duk da haka, wadannan tsare-tsaren kai tsaye musanta cikin bukatun da Elite. Tattalin arziki source na zinariya shekaru na nobility ya serfdom. Empress kyau nufi da fuskantar matsananci gaskiya, da kuma shi aka tĩlasta su suyi watsi da bil'adama ideas. aristocracy support ya ga Catherine da mafi fifiko, da kuma shekara ta sarautarsa, ya fara da heyday na feudalism.

Haruffa lamban kira na nobility 'yancin walwala,

A 1785 ta buga wani daftarin aiki gaskatãwa duk gata baya samu da kuma fadada su. A farko saki da daraja aji aka gyarawa daga wajibi na jama'a da sabis da kuma ta m hakkin ya mallaki ƙasar da kuma manoma. Bugu da kari, a Jaruman Nasara daga yanzu mika saukar, kuma rasa shi iya zama kawai da shawarar da majalisar dattijai don wani tsanani laifi. Don jerin amfanin kara kebewa daga cikin zabe haraji. Alkalin bafadan iya kawai daidai da haihuwa. Yana haramta yin amfani da kofur azãba ga wakilan da tsada, da kuma kwace su kadarori. Suna da hakkin ya yi buƙatun ko gunaguni kai tsaye zuwa ga sarki. Noblemen da aka yarda su yi tafiya kasashen waje, kuma ko da a shigar da sabis na waje monarch.

Administration na gwamnati a

Yana da daraja a jaddada gabatarwar gida kai gwamnati. A zinariya shekaru na Rasha nobility kusan dukan jami'an a kananan hukumomi da kuma biranen zabe ko nada daga wannan aji. A aristocracy a Rasha a karshe ya zama wata rufaffiyar kamfani, ya zama ruwan dare daga cikin sauran yawan jama'a.

abinci fitarwa

A zinariya shekaru na nobility ya zo daidai da tartsatsi karuwa a hatsi da abinci farashin. Rasha hannu a cikin tsarin na Turai kasuwar yawanci a abinci kayayyaki. Export burodi ya zama sosai m zama. Wannan hujja karfafa gidan haya domin kara acreage da karfafa aiki amfani da serfs domin ya sami ƙarin kudaden shiga. A halin da ake ciki tattalin arziki da gudummawar da ci gaba da zinariya shekaru na nobility.

Karshen wani zamanin

Bayan rasuwar Catherine Mai girma zo a kan karaga, Paul, wanda ta yi a wuya dangantaka saboda kisan mahaifinsa Peter III. Ya yunkurin iyaka ba ga nobility 'yancin walwala da kuma gata. A zinariya shekaru na nobility ba a kan haka, amma da ganiya ya riga a baya. A wani kokarin yin wannan aji zaunanniyar autocracy Catherine ya ba shi m gata da kuma juya a cikin wani tsanani siyasa karfi.