Mosaics da frescoes na St. Sophia: description, photo

St. Sophia Cathedral - na musamman da abin tunawa da al'adu, wanda yana da dama sunayen. Shi ne ake kira da Hagia Sophia, St Sophia Museum da kuma National Reserve. Amma komai sauti da sunan da, wannan wuri ne na musamman da abin tunawa da gine na Ancient Rus da kuma Rum.

A gidan kayan gargajiya ne domin ta shahara frescoes da mosaics. St. Sophia frescoes ƙawata 3,000 sq.m. A 260 murabba'in mita aka taru mai ban sha'awa mosaic. Sophia Cathedral zuwa Old Rasha jihar shi ba kawai wani coci gini, amma kuma da gina jama'a wurare.

Tarihi na halitta

Game da lokacin da shiri na abin tunawa ne kusan kome ba ne da aka sani. Duk da haka, a "The Tale of bygone Years" ambaci 1037 a matsayin shekarar da gine na Hagia Sophia. A wannan lokaci, da dokokin Yaroslav Mudry. Wasu kafofin da'awar cewa harsashin ginin Haikalin da aka dage farawa a 1017 a zamanin mulkin Vladimir Na Sviatoslavovych. Mai masana kimiyya har yanzu suna karkata zuwa zaton cewa shi ne, a 1037, da shiri na tunawa da aka qaddamar. Abin mamaki, da Kiev Sophia frescoes kiyaye su na asali darajar da mu lokaci.

Tarihi ce cewa 1036 ake dangantawa da wani gano Yaroslava Mudrogo a Novgorod Volyn. A wannan lokaci, shi ya je masa labarai cewa yana shirya don kai farmaki da Pechenegs zuwa Kiev. Jaroslav taru masõya daga cikin mazaunan Novgorod. Ba da da ewa, wani yaki a cikin abin da sarki ya ci tilasta musu gudu da Pechenegs. A cikin sunan nasara a yakin site da kuma haikalin da aka sa shi.

Tare da Greek Sophia nufin "mai hikima." Saboda haka, Hagia Sophia wata alama Kirista hikima da alama da nasara da Orthodox mutane a kan kafirci. Sophia Cathedral a matsayin abin tunawa daga cikin ruhaniya al'adun yau ne na musamman darajar.

Cathedral Building

Masana sun ce cewa gina St. Sophia daukan game da 40 artists da yawa mataimakansa. Na gina wani gini saboda game da shekaru 3, da kuma kamar wata karin shekaru bar a kan shi a gudanar da ciki karewa. A erection cikin Haikali tsunduma sana'a daga Konstantinoful, wanda ake musamman gayyace Yaroslav Mudry. Asalinsu babban coci gini ya rectangular da kuma kewaye da ginshiƙai goma sha biyu cruciform siffar. Yana da aka yi wa ado guda goma sha uku domes (yau akwai 19), NUNA manzanni 12 da kuma Yesu Kristi. Babban Dome da aka gina a cikin cibiyar Haikalin, hudu kasance a kan bagade, da sauran aka located a yammacin kusurwa na ginin.

Duk da yake cikin babban coci da aka sani kawai biyu na wani yawan galleries a cikin nau'i na wani bude terrace kewaye da ginin a kan uku bangarorin. Hawa na biyu da aka shagaltar da abin da ake kira majalisar na 'ya'yan sarakuna iyali da kuma sananne mazauna.

Domin gina babban coci amfani tubalan na dutse da farar ƙasa bayani tare da murƙushe tubali. A facades ba ingãtattu. Rufin aka sanya gubar zanen gado da cewa rufe da domes da vaults. Ganuwar, da ginshiƙai, da arches na St. Sophia Cathedral aka yi wa ado da kyau zane-zane, mamaya 5000 murabba'in mita. Yau, a asalin siffan kiyaye kawai 2,000 murabba'in mita frescoes.

Chronology na events

Cikin dukanin ta tarihi, da St. Sophia Cathedral ya jimre da yawa gwaje-gwaje. Ya aka akai-akai halakar da kuma sake gina, kusan gaba daya sake gina. A 1240, da coci yi mashi manyan canje-canje a karon farko, shi ne to ya Kiev farmaki da Mongol-Tatars. Sophia Cathedral (Cathedral hoto gabatar a cikin labarin) aka kora da kuma kusan gaba daya hallaka. Na fita don wani lokaci, da girma da kuma bore launuka.

Complete sabuntawa na tunawa Sophia Cathedral ya karkashin Lardi Petro Mohyla, wanda ya kafa Ikilisiya a sufi. Cathedral shi ne tsohon bayyanar, amma ginin kanta bukaci nan da nan maimaitawa. A cikin shekaru 1633-1647 da coci da aka partially mayar. Gyara, ya maye gurbin rufin, benaye da kuma shigar da luxuriously ado iconostasis a cikin Cathedral of Sophia Cathedral. Photos, ciki sanya, za a iya aika da kawai karamin sashi na kyakkyawa.

1697 ya zama babban coci m. The wuta ta cinye kusan duk katako gine-gine na sufi. Bayan da cewa, an yanke shawarar zuwa babbar maimaitawa. Yayin da uku-tiered kararrawa hasumiyar da aka gina Sofia. A 1852 an kammala karo na hudu bene. A gini na babban coci da aka ma kerata, kuma ya zama na hali na lokacin fasali na Ukrainian Baroque.

A 1722-1730 shekaru a cikin gidan ibada refectory da kuma gina wani gidan burodi, wanda daga baya housed da diocesan gwamnatin.

A 1934, da gine-gine na Haikalin Soviet gwamnati ta yanke shawara aka sanar da jihar ajiye na tarihi da kuma gine.

Soviet lokaci, ya ja numfashinsa na sabuwar rayuwa a cikin ci gaban da sufi. Sai a wannan lokaci na rayayye da za'ayi na maido aiki, da sakamakon abin da aka mayar da waje da haikalin da kuma sauran gine-gine na hadaddun.

A shekarar 1990 Sophia Cathedral aka hada a UNESCO jerin duniya al'adu wurare. A cikin wannan shekara da babban coci aka bayar da takardar shaidar, wanda ya ba da hakkin ya kai management.

A musamman gine-gine abin tunawa - Sophia Cathedral. Description da kuma tarihi na halitta murna da tunanin ko da mutane daga addini.

7 facts game St. Sophia

1. Cathedral kararrawa hasumiyar da aka gina ta Hetman Ivanom Mazepoy. Har yanzu, akwai wata babbar kararrawa "Mazepa", wanda a 1705 zuba master Athanasius Petrovich a kan bukatar da kuma a kan kudi Ivana Mazepy. Bell ne mai gaskiya ne gine-gine da fitacciyar. An yi wa ado da ado da kuma makamai na Hetman.
2. Cellars na St. Sophia Cathedral rike da wata babbar library Yaroslava Mudrogo, wanda mysteriously bace wani wuri. The kawai tunani shi ne adana "Tale of bygone Years" Nestor da tarihin. Yanzu watakila shi ne a ɓõye, a cikin Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra.
3. Sophia Cathedral yana daya daga cikin rarest Oranta mosaic. Yana depicts Uwar Allah da dantsenka mai hannuwa, anã karanta addu'o'i. Ba tare da ta baby kusan ba Zagayawar. Wannan m hoto ne da aka sani a matsayin "YAN IZALA Wall".
4. A frescoes na St. Sophia da addini fuskantarwa zuwa mafi girma fim. Mafi yawa da suka dace da salla dõmin gafarta mutane. Daya daga cikin ganuwar rike da Prince Brjachislav rubutu zuwa masa afuwa, mai zunubi, kuma tir.
5. A shekarar 2008, Sophia na Kyiv kõma ta m azurfa Gate da images of tsarkaka. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka da aka aiko zuwa da makaman da Soviet hukumomi. A kan su maido dauki game da 100 kg na azurfa.
6. The shrine ne cika ba kawai da salla, a nan za ka iya samun alamun wani wadanda mutane yanayi.
7. A lokacin da gina Haikali a Kiev, ya sarrafa wani raba haraji, bisa ga abin da duk wanda ya ziyarci birnin, da ya zo da 'yan duwatsu.

Na musamman darajar ne murals Sofia Kiev tunawa. Mosaics da frescoes - wannan shi ne babban ado na babban coci.

Mosaic zanen St. Sophia

Wannan irin zane ne babban kashi na ciki ado na babban coci. M abubuwa mosaic ado tsakiyar Dome da apse. A kan sauran ɓangare na Cathedral ne mai yiwuwa a kalla a kalla frescoes. A duniyar da yawa tsoho zane-zane, amma shi frescoes da mosaics na St. Sophia suna dauke kwarai misalai na alfarma da zanen. Suna kiyaye su a cikin su na asali tsari da kuma ta ba ta kasance a cikin maido da kuma tarawa. Su ne kawai tsabtace daga turɓãya, wanda ya ba su da asali kyau da kyau.

Paints Sofia mosaics da kyau sosai cewa shi wani lokacin alama kamar yadda idan ido ya taba gani a mafi jitu hade da haka mutane da yawa launuka, inuwõyinta suna kusa, kuma siffofi.

Gogaggen artists nan asusu na 35 inuwõyinta suna kusa, launin ruwan kasa, kore, 34 halftones, 23 inuwõyinta suna kusa, rawaya, shudi tint 21 da kuma 19 sautunan na ja. Sofia mosaics palette yana da 150 launuka, wannan ya nuna cewa Kievan Rus ya unbeatable a samar da glazes.

Special tsaftacewa da alatu a haɗe Sofia mosaics zinariya bango. Yana yana tare da su a cikin cikakken jituwa duk sauran tabarau.

Mosaic "Kristi - Pantocrator"

A tushe na tsakiyar Dome aka yi wa ado tare da wata babbar medallion a tsakiyar wanda shi ne hoto na "Kristi - Pantocrator". Mosaic yi bisa ga dokoki da ji na nesa. Da farko a cikin Dome kasance hudu images sarkin mala'iku. Abin baƙin ciki, ɓangare daga gare su tsira daya kawai tayal image wadda ke da alaka XI karni. A sauran sassa su ne don gama Paints a cikin XIX karni.

A tsakiyar wurin da Dome drum da mosaic adadi na Bulus Manzo da kuma Yesu Kristi, wakiltar image na Hierophant. Hoton na Our Lady of rabin-batattu.

Dome drum ze tashi aka yi wa ado da bishara Mark. A girth arches asali shi aka located 30 kyau mosaics, na abin da kawai 15 tsira.

Mosaic "Maria Oranta"

Takaitacciyar babban bagaden da aka yi wa ado da wata babbar mosaic na Uwar Allah (Oranta) a cikin addu'a jihar. Wannan hoton tsaye a waje daga dukan na ciki zanen. Tsayinsa ne game da 6 mita. Uwar Allah tsaye a kan Jeweled dandamali tare da tashe hannayensu. Ta aka ado a blue gashi, kuma an rufe shi da tsawo, na mata mayafi tare da zinariya folds. Shod a ja takalma.

Wannan adadi ya bambanta monumentality da kuma girma da musamman. Rich launuka nan da nan kama da ido. By wannan, da image ne a mosaic "Eucharist", wanda alama ce ta fage na tarayya Manzanni. Kusa da kursiyin ne malaiku da vanes. Har ila yau, a nan kusa ne da wani adadi na Yesu Kristi. Yanã bãyar da Manzanni rantsuwarsu dace masa daga kõwane wuri, a cikin nau'i na sacrament na gurasa da ruwan inabi. Manzanni aka ado a mai haske kayayyaki, a kan Yesu blue alkyabbar da wani m zilaikar, ado da zinariya. Musamman launi jikewa abun da ke ciki ne da aka ba da gadon sarauta na garura. Ƙananan bene na baka da aka yi wa ado da images of tsarkaka da kuma archdeacons.

Sophia Cathedral: murals

Ado da frescoes duk gefe na babban coci, kamar yadda suka za a iya gani a hasumiya, Choirs da galleries. The asali image ne partially sabunta lokacin da sabuntawa a cikin XVII karni. A ƙarshen XVII karni na lalace frescoes na St. Sophia kasance gaba daya gyara. Partially sabon hoto fenti da aka amfani. Mai zanen a lokacin da ya wakilci m darajar, amma ta mãkirci ne gaba daya maimaita zanen na zamanin d frescoes.

A cikin XIX karni, shi da aka gudanar babban birnin kasar maido da ayyuka, a sakamakon wanda duk da yadudduka na zamanin d frescoes aka barrantar. A wasu wurare, don adana da asali gungu ya sa wasu hotuna.

Fresco na St. Sophia tsarin hada da hotuna na mutane da yawa ado, scenes, Figures tsarkaka a cikin cikakken tsawon da rabin-Figures.

Fresco "The iyali Yaroslava Mudrogo"

Wannan hoton ne musamman ban sha'awa a cikin abin tunawa ga Sophia Cathedral. A frescoes zauna arewacin yammaci da kuma kudancin gefen babban nave. Abin mamaki, da tsakiyar ɓangare na abun da ke ciki bai tsira ga kwana, shi za a iya samu a Dutch artist Ibrahim van Westerfeld, wanda ya ziyarci Kiev a 1651.

A mosaic na Yaroslav Mudry rike da wani layout na St. Sophia, dake kusa da matarsa Princess Irina. Sun tafi da Yesu Almasihu, wanda aka nuna tare da Prince Vladimir da Olga - cikin wadanda suka kafa addinin Krista a zamanin d Rasha. Ga 'ya'yan sarakuna biyu, da' ya'yansu ma a ɗaure zuwa ga Kristi. Wannan babbar abun da ke ciki ne kawai partially kiyaye su. Yau za mu iya ganin kawai biyu Figures a gefen arewa da hudu a kan kudu bango.

Prince Yaroslav da sarcophagus

Gabashin ɓangare na galleries Kiev gudanar da kabarin na Prince Sofia. A shi ake binne a ko'ina cikin 'ya'yan sarakuna iyali. Yau za mu iya ganin kawai sarcophagus Yaroslava Mudrogo, wanda ya mamaye kashi bagaden dakin arewa gallery. Yana da wani rectangular akwatin tare da wani protruding a tarnaƙi na da murfi. All ado da hotuna na shuke-shuke, da tsuntsaye, crosses da sauran alamomin na zamanin d Kiristanci. Kabarin Tã game 6 ton. Marmara sarcophagus aka kawo daga Rum.

A 1939, kabarin da aka bude, da kuma masana kimiyya sun samu a can skeletons na maza da mata, wanda ƙasusuwan sun gauraye. Wannan gaskiyar, da cewa a cikin sarcophagus akwai wani burbushi na lalacewa, shi ne mai kai tsaye shaida daga cikin fashi.

An tabbatar da cewa namiji kwarangwal mallakar Yaroslav Mai hikima, da kuma mata - matarsa Irina. Kwanyar Yaroslava Mudrogo aiki a matsayin wani abin koyi don ƙirƙirar wani sculptural hoto na yarima, wanda yanzu located in arewacin babban coci. A watan Satumba 2009, da sarcophagus sake bude domin gudanar da bincike. Bayan haka, akwai jita-jita, da cewa babu wani tabbaci cewa kashi zauna ne Yaroslav Mudry.

Kowane mazaunin kuma bako na birnin Kiev iya ganin kyakkyawa da girma na tunawa zuwa Sophia Cathedral. Yadda za a samu babban coci da Kievan Rus? The shrine aka located a ul. Vladimir, 24.

A nan ne sanannen Sofia yankin, inda na dogon lokaci da aka gudanar dukan abubuwan da suka faru, ba kawai addini, amma kuma zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da siyasa dalilai. A nan, mun shirya tarurruka da kuma shirya da adalci. Yau da square da aka yi wa ado da wani abin tunawa ga Bogdana Hmelnitskogo.