Amurka kwamandan Douglas MacArthur: biography

Akwai mutane da na wa makomar da aka daura har da guda star. Akwai hanyoyi da tafarkin da wani yaro, suka ci gaba da tafiya a kan shi har mutuwarsa. Yana da su, irin damuwar da American Douglas MacArthur. A matsayin ɗan na soja, ya kuma makoman ƙuƙumi ne tare da yaki, jawabin a kan duniya gaba ga mafi yawansu ya adult rayuwa da kuma kai mafi girma ga daraja - "Janar na Army."

Ƙananan yara, nan gaba general

Douglas MacArthur aka haife kan Janairu 26, 1880 a wani gari da ake kira Little Rock a Arkansas. Mahaifinsa, Arthur MacArthur, Jr. dauki bangare a cikin shahararrun War na Kudu da Arewa, kuma ya tashi zuwa ga daraja da Laftanar Janar. Sunan tsohuwarsa Meri Pinkey, ta kasance mai 'yan qasar na Virginia.

All yara MacArthur dangantaka da tafi. A iyali, ɓata kusa da kasar, da kuma yaron da ba ta da iyaka "shige" a cikin sabon yanayin rayuwa, wadda, domin tabbatar, steeled shi a matsayin mutum. Ko watakila taka rawar gani, genes (ubansa - wani soja, kakansa - A yi hukunci a Washington, babban-grandfathers - wakilai daga cikin shahararrun Scottish aristocratic kabila ... Duk da haka dai, wani matashi Douglas ko'ina nuna kansa da cancanta da kuma kiyaye a saman.

Alal misali, ya zama mai real girman kai na West Texas Soja Academy, inda ya yi karatu a cikin farkon nineties na karni na 19th kuma ya cimma babbar nasara a da karatu. Akwai, a Texas, a San Antonio, a wancan lokaci ya yi aiki a matsayin yaron ta uba.

Early aiki

Karžar sakandare ilimi, Douglas MacArthur zama dalibi a makarantar kimiyya a West Point, dauke da mafi babbar a Amurka. Ya samu wani diploma a 1903, da kuma MacArthur da irin wannan high ratings cewa shi gane a matsayin mafi kyau digiri na biyu a cikin dukan tarihin na ma'aikata.

Tare da diploma zuriyar Scottish manyansu da ya samu daraja da biyu leftana da aka aiko zuwa Philippines, da Corps na Engineers, kuma daga baya canjawa wuri zuwa ƙasar mafitar rãnã.

Daga farkon ya aiki ya zo daidai Rasha-Japanese War, wanda Douglas ya gani kusan "a kusa da iyaka", kamar yadda ya raka mahaifinsa, wanda ya sa'an nan kawai soja attache a Japan. Future Janar MacArthur koyi abubuwa da yawa a lokacin wadannan tafiye-tafiye ...

Tuni a shekarar 1906 ya kasance a kan gida ƙasa - a Amurka - da kuma yi aiki a matsayin soja mai ba da shawara ga shugaban kasar. Ga 26-shekara saurayi - mai girma mai yawa!

A yakin duniya na farko

Lokacin da wuta ya barke yakin duniya na farko, Douglas MacArthur, a bayan fage na taron bai zauna a Turai. Nan da nan bayan da sanarwar Amurka yaki a Jamus a 1917, ya kuma umarci division da hedkwatarta, a France, sa'an nan gangarawa cikin division kanta.

Don gama tashin sa'a Amirkawa isa aminci da sauti, in Bugu da kari ga dukan girma na lambobin yabo da daraja na Birgediya Janar.

Tsakanin farko da na biyu

Domin wani lokaci bayan da yaki, Birgediya Janar MacArthur shi ne har yanzu a Turai, amma a shekara ta 1919 aka nada Sufeto na makarantar kimiyya a West Point, da kuma ya kafa na biyu rikodin, zama ƙarami shugaban wannan ma'aikata a tarihin ta zama.

A 1922, rabo sake jefa MacArthur da Philippines. Wannan lokaci kamar yadda kwamandan dakarun Amurka a cikin (sai) US mallaka. Daga 1930 ya shugabanci hedkwatar soja States, kuma bayan da 'yancin kai na Philippines (a 1935) MacArthur Ya koma zuwa tsibirin soja shawara, da kuma wani shekara daga baya ya nada filin marshal daga cikin sojojin da sabuwar halitta jihar.

Yakin duniya na II

Duniya na biyu - a high batu na Douglas MacArthur. Shi ne da godiya ga ta Amurka kwamandan samu wani "izinin" ga labarin. A lokacin rani na 1941 sai aka kira shi zuwa aiki wajibi dangane da danniyar da Japan da kuma aka nada kwamandan dakarun Amurka a Far East.

MacArthur farko matakai kasance mabuwãya ba. Na dogon lokaci bai yi imani a gaskiya na Japan hari a kan Philippines da ya yi kuskure a bayan kuskure. Ko bayan Pearl Harbor sojojin da aka sa a jijjiga, kuma MacArthur bai yi kuskure ya jefa bam da Japan iska tushe a Taiwan ...

Amma da Japan, a maimakon haka, sun nuna kafiya, kuma Disamba 8, 41 bombarded Amirkawa bam hadahada, darkake kusan rabin na jirgin sama da kuma samar da wani "iska ƙofa" da Philippines.

Ba da da ewa sun kasance iya mamaye babban birnin kasar Manila, kuma mafi jihar, da kuma MacArthur sojojin da aka tilasta koma baya. Ko bayan wasu lokaci da Philippines sun gaba daya a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Japan, da kuma MacArthur dauki shi a matsayin mara a fuskar kayar da kansu. Zama na karshe mataki na yanke ƙauna kyaftin, ya juya waje ya zama mataki na farko zuwa ga nasara.

Kamar yadda shugaban ta Kudu-Western ɓangare na sojojin na Amirka, janar ƙirƙira da musamman dabara - "tsalle rana". Ta aka hankali calibrated aiki, ta hanyar da daya ne a hankali da warware kama tsibirin bayan wani.

Godiya ga kokarin Japan MacArthur aka tsaya a kan hanyar zuwa Australia, su zama an saki New Guinea, kuma nan da nan ya dawo, da kuma Philippines. Samar da kusan unhindered damar zuwa Land of rãnã tanã bayyana, da kwamandan soja ya nurtured grandiose tsare-tsaren na ta zama. Amma Amirkawa kika aika da bam a Hiroshima da kuma Nagasaki canza hanya na tarihi da kuma sun kawo karshen yaki.

Biyu Satumba arba'in da biyar shekara jirgin "Missouri" docked a Tokyo bay. A kan jirgin ya kuma MacArthur. Japan sallamãwa, kuma an yi fice a general karɓe ta karɓa sallama.

A gama na rayuwa

Bayan kammala mafi mummunan yakin a tarihin dan Adam, mai m strategist da wani m kwamandan don wani lokaci ya jagoranci sake fasalin a Japan, zama a kan ta asashe. A gaskiya ma, ya kasance shugaban kasar na shekaru da dama.

A farkon shekaru na 50th umarci dakarun a lokacin Korean War, don gane da yawa nasara ayyukan. A wannan wuri ya zauna a can har shiga yãƙi a kasar Sin. Offer MacArthur amfani da wannan kasar da kuma Korea ta Arewa ta makaman nukiliya ba su son sa'an nan shugaban kasar Amurka Garri Trumenu, kuma Douglas aka saki daga aikinsu ya.

A da gama ya aiki. Ƙoƙarin yi da kansa a cikin wani wuri - siyasa - ba ya kai ga nasara sosai. MacArthur shawarci sabon shugaban kasa, Eisenhower rubuta a tarihin da aka Allaha a kan ta laurels.

Ya mutu a kan Afrilu 5, 1964. Norfloke binne shi a ƙasar wani iyali tunawa.